scholarly journals Effervescent Tablet Formulation Melinjo Seed Extract (Gnetum gnemon L.) Using PEG 6000 As Lubricant and Citric Acid - Tartaric Acids As Acid Sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Puput Andi Apsari ◽  
Dewi Nur Eka Sari ◽  
Aris Perdana Kusuma ◽  
Oktavia Indrati
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Tartaric Acids ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Effervescent Tablet

Melinjo seeds (Gnetum gnemon L.) have antioxidant properties one of which is from phenol compounds. However, there is no pharmaceutical dosage form of melinjo seeds especially effervescent tablet. The purpose of this research was to determine the best variation of citric-tartaric acid and PEG 6000 from effervescent tablet of melinjo seed extract. The effervescent tablet of melinjo seed extract were formulated with variation of citric-tartaric acid 25%:75%, 65%:35%, 50%:50%, 20%:80% and PEG 6000 0%, 2%, 3%, up to 5%. The effervescent tablet were made by melting parts of acids and bases, added with extract and other ingredients. The evaluation included flow and powder tapping, tablet hardness, weight variation, friability, and tablet solubility test. The data were analyzed by comparing approaches based on the requirements of Pharmacopeia Indonesia V andUnited States of Pharmacopeia 36.Variations of equal amount of citric-tartaric acid produced hard effervescent tablets with small friability. The unbalanced acid concentration resulted in higher friability. The greater the concentration of citric acid resulted in the longer solubility of the tablet. The addition of PEG 6000 made the flow time of granules quicker, while higher concentrations would increase the hardness of tablets and accelerate the soluble time. Excessively high concentrations resulted in a high degree of friability. Variation of citric-tartaric acid and PEG 6000 influenced physical properties of granule and effervescent tablet extract of melinjo seeds, such as flowability, hardness, friability, and solubility of the tablet.

scholarly journals Composition, stability and stereo effects of zirconium(IV) dl-tartrate formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Lilia I. Mukhamedyarova ◽  
◽  
Sergey G. Bezryadin ◽  
Elena Yu. Klukvina ◽  
Vladimir V. Chevela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Software Complex ◽  
Tartaric Acids ◽  
Potentiometric Titration Method ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Metal Ligand

The system of zirconium (IV) – dl-tartaric acid for metal: ligand 1: 1, 1: 2 and 1: 3 ratios in aqueous solution has been studied by means of using potentiometric titration method in combination with mathematical modeling. The comparison of Bjerrum functions from pH for zirconium(IV) systems: d-tartaric acid and zirconium (IV): dl-tartaric acid, has revealed the following features in the behavior of the curves: the degree of titration for the complexes at a fixed pH value for systems with dl-tartaric acid is more than for d-acid. The CPESSP software complex has calculated the composition, stability constants and molar fractions of zirconium(IV) tartrate accumulation. It has been also found that at a ratio of 1: 1 for Zr (IV) and ligand (H4Tart) ions in the system under study ZrHTart+ is formed, which is tetramerized into Zr4Tart40 and, further, tetranuclear particles of varying degrees of deprotonization are formed, as well as mononuclear forms. In a strongly alkaline pH environment > 10, Bjerrum curves for d- and dl-tartaric acids overlap each other and correspond to hydroxocomplexes of varying degrees of titration. For the 1: 2 ratio, the composition of the complexes for the zirconium(IV) – dl-H4T system is slightly different; compared to the zirconium(IV) – dH4T system, differences are clearly observed for both low and high concentrations. Based on these data, a complex formation scheme in the Zr(IV) – dl-tartaric acid system has been proposed for all the ratios studied. The characteristics of stereoselective diastereomer formation have been calculated. It has been revealed that in the medium of racemic tartrate, ddd- and lll-Zr(H2Tart)2(HTart)3-forms, as well as Zr(H2Tart)(НTart)24-Zr(HTart)35- are formed on a stereoselective basis.

scholarly journals IDENTIFYING FORMULAS TO WOOD-APPLE (Limonia acidissima L) FLAVOR EFFERVESCENT TABLET PRODUCTION IN EXPERIMENTAL

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (28) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Tang Thi My Tran ◽  
Toan Quoc Tram ◽  
Van Bach Nguyen ◽  
Tam Minh Le ◽  
Tham Thi Hong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Latin Square ◽  
Flow Property ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Effervescent Tablet ◽  
Limonia Acidissima

This study aims to formulate woodapple flavor effervescent tablets in the lab experiment. Four factors with three levels each were investigated including: acid citric (14%, 16%, 18%), natri-bicarbonate (10%, 14%, 18%), saccharose (45%, 50%, 55%), and PEG 6000 (4%, 5%, 6%). Nine profiles were constructed following a fractional factorial design – the Graeco Latin square. Each profile was then measured based on four characteristics/criteria: (1) - flow properties of wood apple powder (before compression process), (2) - weight variation and (3) - disintegration time (after compression process); and (4) wood-apple effervescent tablets which were rated for overall liking by 105 consumers. The results showed that 8 over 9 profiles have a good flow property, meaning that it is capable of compressing tablets. The weight variation among tablets is less than 5%. In addition to that, the disintegration time of an effervescent tablet, about 1 gram into 200 mL water, is less than 300 seconds (5 minutes). Based on the preliminary evaluation of our internal sensory panel, six over eight profiles were chosen for  taking the tests to the consumers’ liking based on IPM method. The results showed that profile 2 (A.Citric 14%,  NaHCO3 14%, saccharose 50% , PEG 6000 5%,wood apple flavor 16% and vit.C 1%) and profile 5 (A.Citric 16%, NaHCO3 14%, saccharose 50%, PEG 6000 4%, wood apple flavor 15% and vit.C 1%) obtain  maximum liking score rated by the consumers. We expect that the results of this study will benefit R&D staff in food and pharmaceutical companies who want to diversify their local products.

scholarly journals Use of tartaric acid isomers and citric acid in the biotyping ofSalmonella typhimurium

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Alfredsson ◽  
Ruth M. Barker ◽  
D. C. Old ◽  
J. P. Duguid
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Control Culture ◽  
Inhibition Test ◽  
Tartaric Acids ◽  
Turbidity Test ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Test Cultures

SUMMARYThe colour-change and lead acetate tests for fermentation ofd–,l–andm–tartaric acids and citric acid used in the Kristensen scheme for biotypingSalmonella typhimuriumwere found to be unreliable because, whatever the conditions of culture, they gave different results in replicate tests of the same strains. Many genotypically non-fermenting strains gave inconsistent reactions due to the emergence of fermenting mutant bacilli in some of their test cultures. No reliable test was found for the fermentation of citric acid.A ‘turbidity’ test was found to give consistent and reliable results with the three tartaric acid isomers. It demonstrated fermentation by the significantly greater amount of growth obtained in a 24 hr. culture in Oxoid peptone water with added isomer than in a control culture without isomer. Lewis & Stocker's (1971) plate-inhibition test for fermentation ofm–tartrate, which identifiesm–tartrate-negative strains becausem–tartrate inhibits their growth on citrate- or glycerol-containing minimal medium, was found to be as reliable as, and easier to read than, the turbidity test.Use of the turbidity test ford–andl–tartrates and the plate-inhibition test form–tartrate in biotyping 1435 strains ofS. typhimuriumshowed that many strains had previously been mistyped by the lead acetate test and distinguished 16 new biotypes in addition to the 22 biotypes already recognized.

IOP Lowering Effects of Ocimum basilicum Seed Extract in Two Rabbit Models of Ocular Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Renu Agarwal ◽  
SK Gupta ◽  
Sushma Srivastava ◽  
Rohit Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Water Loading ◽  
Antiglaucoma Medication ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Ocimum basilicum (OB), a herb known for its antihypertensive, anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties was investigated for possible intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects in rabbits with ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: The IOP lowering effect of a single drop of OB extract (OBE) was evaluated in oculonormotensive rabbits using three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1% w/v). The concentration showing maximum IOP reduction was further evaluated in rabbits with water-loading and steroid-induced OHT. Results: IOP lowering effect of OBE 0.5% in oculonormotensive rabbit eyes was significantly greater compared to OBE 0.25% (p<0.05) but was comparable (p>0.05) to OBE 1%. Therefore, 0.5% concentration was selected for further evaluation. Pretreatment with OBE (0.5%) caused significantly lower increase in IOP after water loading amounting to 23.39% above baseline as compared to 54.00% in control eye, 15 minutes post water loading. At 60 minutes, post water loading, mean IOP rise was 95.12% and 63.58% in control and test eyes, respectively. Significant difference between the mean IOP of two eyes persisted during the 2nd hr. In rabbits with steroid induced OHT, OBE 0.5% produced a mean IOP reduction of 24.73% at the end of first hr and the mean peak IOP reduction of 31.63% was observed at the end of 2 hr. A significant difference between the IOP of test and control eyes persisted from 1 to 6 hr. Conclusions: Ocimum basilicum seed extract showed significant IOP lowering effect in rabbits with water loading and steroid induced OHT, however, its utility as an effective antiglaucoma medication needs further investigations.

Enzymatic Iodination of Maleic and Fumaric Acids Diethyl Esters

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1400-1404
Author(s):  
Marius Tudorascu ◽  
Spiridon Oprea ◽  
Afrodita Doina Marculescu ◽  
Stefania Tudorascu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Disperse System ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Solution ◽  
Ultrasonic Pretreatment ◽  
Tartaric Acids ◽  
Inactive Form ◽  
Generating System ◽  
Sole Product

The mechanism of the enzymatic iodination process of diethylmaleate and diethylfumarate (which present no miscibility with water) in the presence of lactoperoxidase, both in diluted hydrogen peroxide solution and in a generating system of hydrogen peroxide using ammonium and calcium iodides as halide sources in disperse system (after an ultrasonic pretreatment) was studied. The obtained sole product (diethyl-2, 3-diiodosuccinate) after the enzymatic iodination process was directly hydrolyzed to a tartaric acid present in an optically inactive form. The mechanism of obtaining the intermediate and final products and respectively, the existence of both D, L-tartaric acid and meso-tartaric acids (as lithium bitartrates) were also investigated.

Design and Optimization of Chronotherapeutic Dosage Form for the Treatment of Angina Pectoris

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupali Singh ◽  
Rishabha Malviya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Angina Pectoris ◽  
Ethyl Cellulose ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Cellulose Solution ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Time Specific

Background: The chronotherapy concept attains considerable focus towards itself due to its pulsatile fashion rather than continuous delivery. The delivery of the right amount of drug to the target organ at the most appropriate time is fulfilled by using the chronotherapeutic dosage form. Aim: The present study aims to develop and evaluate a chronotherapeutic drug delivery system by using natural polymer for time specific drug delivery at the target site. Material and Method: Tamarind seed polysaccharide was extracted and used in the preparation of core tablets. Nine formulations of core tablets were prepared with nifedipine at 5 tonnes of pressure on 6 mm punch. The core tablets were prepared by using the compression coating method. The three batches F1, F2 and F3 were prepared by using tamarind gum in different concentration i.e. 45%, 22.5% and 67.5% respectively and compressed at 8 tonnes of pressure on 12 mm of punch. The finally compressed tablet was coated with different concentrations of ethyl cellulose in which isopropyl alcohol used as a solvent. In a controlled medium, a stability study was performed to evaluate the physical appearance, drug content and release of the prepared core tablet. Result: All the nine formulations of tablets were prepared successfully and the evaluation studies (thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability etc.) revealed that all the formulations were within the official range. The release study of the drug revealed that the formulation F7 containing 67.5% of tamarind polymer, coated with 2%, 4% and 5% of ethyl cellulose solution released 59.68±1.03% (Q50%) drug within 5 h whereas, 87.09±2.08% (Q80%) within 6 h and within 12 h 97.74±2.19% of the drug was released. The formulation F7 was found to be more effective as it released the maximum amount of drug in a short period as compared with other formulations. Conclusion: The coating of core tablets allowed to prepare pharmaceutical dosage form for time specific drug delivery. These chronotherapeutic core tablets can be used for the treatment of angina pectoris and hypertension etc.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Pasta Samples Characterized in Antioxidant Compounds and Their Biological Activity on Kidney Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Di Marco ◽  
Francesco Trevisani ◽  
Pamela Vignolini ◽  
Silvia Urciuoli ◽  
Andrea Salonia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Kidney Cells ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
293 Cells ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Egg Pasta

Pasta is one of the basic foods of the Mediterranean diet and for this reason it was chosen for this study to evaluate its antioxidant properties. Three types of pasta were selected: buckwheat, rye and egg pasta. Qualitative–quantitative characterization analyses were carried out by HPLC-DAD to identify antioxidant compounds. The data showed the presence of carotenoids such as lutein and polyphenols such as indoleacetic acid, (carotenoids from 0.08 to 0.16 mg/100 g, polyphenols from 3.7 to 7.4 mg/100 g). To assess the effect of the detected metabolites, in vitro experimentation was carried out on kidney cells models: HEK-293 and MDCK. Standards of β-carotene, indoleacetic acid and caffeic acid, hydroalcoholic and carotenoid-enriched extracts from samples of pasta were tested in presence of antioxidant agent to determine viability variations. β-carotene and indoleacetic acid standards exerted a protective effect on HEK-293 cells while no effect was detected on MDCK. The concentrations tested are likely in the range of those reached in body after the consumption of a standard pasta meal. Carotenoid-enriched extracts and hydroalcoholic extracts showed different effects, observing rescues for rye pasta hydroalcoholic extract and buckwheat pasta carotenoid-enriched extract, while egg pasta showed milder dose depending effects assuming pro-oxidant behavior at high concentrations. The preliminary results suggest behaviors to be traced back to the whole phytocomplexes respect to single molecules and need further investigations.

scholarly journals Biological Properties and Prospects for the Application of Eugenol—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3671
Author(s):  
Magdalena Ulanowska ◽  
Beata Olas
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Aromatic Compound ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Current State ◽  
Potential Component ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
High Concentrations

Eugenol is a phenolic aromatic compound obtained mainly from clove oil. Due to its known antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, it has long been used in various areas, such as cosmetology, medicine, and pharmacology. However, high concentrations can be toxic. A dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight is regarded as safe. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the activities and application of eugenol and its derivatives and recent research of these compounds. This review is based on information concerning eugenol characteristics and recent research from articles in PubMed. Eugenol remains of great interest to researchers, since its multidirectional action allows it to be a potential component of drugs and other products with therapeutic potential against a range of diseases.

scholarly journals Taste Interactions between Sweetness of Sucrose and Sourness of Citric and Tartaric Acid among Chinese and Danish Consumers

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1425
Author(s):  
Jonas Yde Junge ◽  
Anne Sjoerup Bertelsen ◽  
Line Ahm Mielby ◽  
Yan Zeng ◽  
Yuan-Xia Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Aqueous Samples ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Consumer Study ◽  
Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sweetness Intensity

Tastes interact in almost every consumed food or beverage, yet many aspects of interactions, such as sweet-sour interactions, are not well understood. This study investigated the interaction between sweetness from sucrose and sourness from citric and tartaric acid, respectively. A cross-cultural consumer study was conducted in China (n = 120) and Denmark (n = 139), respectively. Participants evaluated six aqueous samples with no addition (control), sucrose, citric acid, tartaric acid, or a mixture of sucrose and citric acid or sucrose and tartaric acid. No significant difference was found between citric acid and tartaric acid in the suppression of sweetness intensity ratings of sucrose. Further, sucrose suppressed sourness intensity ratings of citric acid and tartaric acid similarly. Culture did not impact the suppression of sweetness intensity ratings of citric or tartaric acid, whereas it did influence sourness intensity ratings. While the Danish consumers showed similar suppression of sourness by both acids, the Chinese consumers were more susceptible towards the sourness suppression caused by sucrose in the tartaric acid-sucrose mixture compared to the citric acid-sucrose mixture. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis revealed clusters of consumers with significant differences in sweetness intensity ratings and sourness intensity ratings. These results indicate that individual differences in taste perception might affect perception of sweet-sour taste interactions, at least in aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Efficacy of Abrus Precatorius Seed Extracts on Hep2c Cells and its Inhibitory Efficacy with Receptors of Cervical Carcinoma

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amritpal Kaur ◽  
Yash Sharma ◽  
Kamran Waidha ◽  
Madhumita P Ghosh ◽  
Anoop Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cervix Carcinoma ◽  
Abrus Precatorius ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Seed Extracts

Abstract Abrus precatorius is a widely distributed tropical medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties, however its seed extract has not been studied against cervical cancer (CaCx) till date. Herein, we have assessed the antioxidant and antiproliferative properties of A. precatorius seed extracts (ethyl acetate and 70% ethanol) prepared from different extraction methods (Soxhlet and maceration) against human cervix carcinoma cells (Hep2C). We observed a significantly higher total flavonoid content of APE (sox) i.e.,112.7±0.127 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g of extract than others; total phenolic content of APA (mac) seed extract was higher i.e.,108.53±0.089 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g of extract and total tannin content of APA (sox) was higher i.e., 98.98± 0.011 mg tannic acid equivalents/g of extract. In addition, tannic acid, rutin and piperine were identified in extracts by HPLC. Furthermore, APA (sox) exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 14.49±0.93µg/ml. APE (mac) showed the most significant antiproliferative activity with IC50 value of 85.90±0.93µg/mL against Hep2c cells. SOD and GST activity was observed as highest in the APA(Mac) extract whereas the catalase activity and GSH content was maximum in the APE(Mac) extract. Further, the MDA content was observed to be the least in APE(Mac) extracts. Docking results suggested maximum binding energy between tannic acid and Her2 receptor compared to doxorubicin (standard). This study provides evidence that A. precatorius seed extracts possess promising bioactive compounds with probable anticancer and antioxidant properties against CaCx which might be utilized as a possible herbal remedy aimed at restricting tumor growth.

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