Design of Explosives Detector Sensors Based on GFETs

Smart sensors based on graphene field effect transistor and biologically receptors are regarded as a promising nanomaterial that could be the basis for future generations of selective real-time monitoring of target analytes and smaller electronics. So the purpose of this paper is to provide details a real-time and selective explosive sensor based on GFETs and PDA-based lipid membranes coupled with biologically inspired TNT peptide receptors. Following an introduction, this paper describes the way of fabrication of the GFETs device by investigation methods for transferring graphene sheet from Cu substrates to target substrates, which is functionalized by the TNT peptide receptors, in order to offer a system which has the capability of answering the presence of related target molecules. Field effet transistor was fabricated using graphene as a channel and monitored by the source-drain current and back-gate voltage curves in the measurement. The transport property changed compared to that of the FET made by intrinsic graphene, that is, the Dirac point position moved from positive Vg to negative Vg, indicating the transition of graphene from p-type to n-type after annealing in TNT, and GFET sensor show good sensitivity and selectivity response.

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Real-time label-free detection of DNA hybridization using a functionalized graphene field effect transistor: a theoretical study

Journal of Nanoparticle Research ◽

10.1007/s11051-021-05295-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Sheida Bagherzadeh-Nobari ◽

Reza Kalantarinejad

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Dna Hybridization ◽

Field Effect ◽

Field Effect Transistor ◽

Theoretical Study ◽

Functionalized Graphene ◽

Label Free ◽

Graphene Field Effect Transistor ◽

Label Free Detection ◽

Effect Transistor

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Metal Oxide Nanorods-Based Sensor Array for Selective Detection of Biomarker Gases

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21051922 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1922

Author(s):

Gwang Su Kim ◽

Yumin Park ◽

Joonchul Shin ◽

Young Geun Song ◽

Chong-Yun Kang

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Sensor Array ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Gas Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Real Time Monitoring ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽

Breath Gas Analysis ◽

Angle Method

The breath gas analysis through gas phase chemical analysis draws attention in terms of non-invasive and real time monitoring. The array-type sensors are one of the diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and selectivity towards the target gases. Herein, we presented a 2 × 4 sensor array with a micro-heater and ceramic chip. The device is designed in a small size for portability, including the internal eight-channel sensor array. In2O3 NRs and WO3 NRs manufactured through the E-beam evaporator’s glancing angle method were used as sensing materials. Pt, Pd, and Au metal catalysts were decorated for each channel to enhance functionality. The sensor array was measured for the exhaled gas biomarkers CH3COCH3, NO2, and H2S to confirm the respiratory diagnostic performance. Through this operation, the theoretical detection limit was calculated as 1.48 ppb for CH3COCH3, 1.9 ppt for NO2, and 2.47 ppb for H2S. This excellent detection performance indicates that our sensor array detected the CH3COCH3, NO2, and H2S as biomarkers, applying to the breath gas analysis. Our results showed the high potential of the gas sensor array as a non-invasive diagnostic tool that enables real-time monitoring.

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A programmable real-time system for development and test of new ultrasound investigation methods

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control ◽

10.1109/tuffc.2006.113 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 53 (10) ◽

pp. 1813-1819 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Stefano Ricci ◽

Enrico Boni ◽

Francesco Guidi ◽

Tiziano Morganti ◽

Piero Tortoli

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Time System ◽

Real Time System ◽

Investigation Methods ◽

Ultrasound Investigation

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Kinetics of interaction of HIV fusion protein (gp41) with lipid membranes studied by real-time AFM imaging

Ultramicroscopy ◽

10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.02.034 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 110 (6) ◽

pp. 694-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Arkady Bitler ◽

Naama Lev ◽

Yael Fridmann-Sirkis ◽

Lior Blank ◽

Sidney R. Cohen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusion Protein ◽

Real Time ◽

Lipid Membranes ◽

Afm Imaging ◽

Protein Gp41 ◽

Kinetics Of

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Sensitivity Study of Polysilicon Nanowire Based on Scattering and Quantum Mechanics Models

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201820101002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 201 ◽

pp. 01002

Author(s):

Aanand ◽

Gene Sheu ◽

Syed Sarwar Imam ◽

Shao Wei Lu ◽

Shao-Ming Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Mechanics ◽

Gate Voltage ◽

Drain Current ◽

Sensitivity Study ◽

Compact Model ◽

Current Sensitivity ◽

Back Gate ◽

Mechanics Model ◽

Theoretical Predictions ◽

Current Characteristics

In this paper, we report nanowire drain saturation current sensitivity property to measure femtomol level change in drain current due to different proteins i.e. DNA with numerical simulation and fabricated polysilicon nanowire based on the theoretical predictions. In addition, the drain current will also be affected by the back-gate voltage and will increase as the back-gate voltage increases. A 3-dimensional Synopsis tool is used to investigate the drain current behavior for a polysilicon nanowire. The scattering compact model reported result of detailed numerical calculation shows in good agreement, indicating the usefulness of scattering compact model. Whereas 3D synopsis unable to explain the whole region of the drain current characteristics in linear region which uses quantum mechanics model approach.

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Electronic Sensing Platform (ESP) Based on Open-Gate Junction Field-Effect Transistor (OG-JFET) for Life Science Applications: Design, Modeling and Experimental Results

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21227491 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (22) ◽

pp. 7491

Author(s):

Abbas Panahi ◽

Deniz Sadighbayan ◽

Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh

Keyword(s):

Field Effect ◽

Field Effect Transistor ◽

Comsol Multiphysics ◽

Subtle Difference ◽

Back Gate ◽

Sensing Platform ◽

Type Layer ◽

Type Contact ◽

Effect Transistor ◽

P Type

This paper presents a new field-effect sensor called open-gate junction gate field-effect transistor (OG-JFET) for biosensing applications. The OG-JFET consists of a p-type channel on top of an n-type layer in which the p-type serves as the sensing conductive layer between two ohmic contacted sources and drain electrodes. The structure is novel as it is based on a junction field-effect transistor with a subtle difference in that the top gate (n-type contact) has been removed to open the space for introducing the biomaterial and solution. The channel can be controlled through a back gate, enabling the sensor’s operation without a bulky electrode inside the solution. In this research, in order to demonstrate the sensor’s functionality for chemical and biosensing, we tested OG-JFET with varying pH solutions, cell adhesion (human oral neutrophils), human exhalation, and DNA molecules. Moreover, the sensor was simulated with COMSOL Multiphysics to gain insight into the sensor operation and its ion-sensitive capability. The complete simulation procedures and the physics of pH modeling is presented here, being numerically solved in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The outcome of the current study puts forward OG-JFET as a new platform for biosensing applications.

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Effect of Plating Layers on the Bonding Strength of p-Type Bi–Te Thermoelectric Elements

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jnn.2021.19433 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 4503-4507

Author(s):

Seong Min Yun ◽

Injoon Son ◽

Sung Hwa Bae

Keyword(s):

Bonding Strength ◽

Thermoelectric Module ◽

Interface Layer ◽

Ceramic Substrates ◽

In Series ◽

Cu Substrates ◽

Solder Reaction ◽

P Type ◽

Substrate Defects ◽

Solder Layer

In thermoelectric modules, multiple n-type and p-type thermoelectric elements are electrically connected in series on a Cu electrode that is bonded to a ceramic substrate. Defects in the bond between the thermoelectric elements and the Cu electrode could impact the performance of the entire thermoelectric module. This study investigated the effect of plating layers on the bonding strength of p-type Bi–Te thermoelectric elements. Ni and Pd electroplating was applied to Bi–Te thermoelectric elements; further, electroless Ni–P immersion gold (ENIG) plating was applied to Cu electrodes bonded to ceramic substrates. Forming a Pd/Ni electroplating layer on the surface of thermoelectric elements and an ENIG plating layer on the surface of the Cu electrode improved the bonding strength by approximately 3.5 times. When the Pd/Ni and ENIG plating layers were formed on Bi–Te elements and Cu substrates, respectively, the solderability greatly increased; as the solderability increased, the thickness of the diffusion layer formed with the solder layer increased. The improved bonding strength of the Pd/Ni plated thermoelectric element bonded on the ENIG plated substrate is attributed to the enhanced solderability due to the rapid inter-diffusion of Pd and Au into the solder layer and the formation of a stable and non-defected solder reaction interface layer.

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A 2.5-GHz 1-V High Efficiency CMOS Power Amplifier IC with a Dual-Switching Transistor and Third Harmonic Tuning Technique

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics8010069 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 69 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Taufiq Alif Kurniawan ◽

Toshihiko Yoshimasu

Keyword(s):

Power Amplifier ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Supply Voltage ◽

Drain Current ◽

Cmos Technology ◽

Back Gate ◽

Third Harmonic ◽

Power Added Efficiency ◽

Switching Transistor

This paper presents a 2.5-GHz low-voltage, high-efficiency CMOS power amplifier (PA) IC in 0.18-µm CMOS technology. The combination of a dual-switching transistor (DST) and a third harmonic tuning technique is proposed. The DST effectively improves the gain at the saturation power region when the additional gain extension of the secondary switching transistor compensates for the gain compression of the primary one. To achieve high-efficiency performance, the third harmonic tuning circuit is connected in parallel to the output load. Therefore, the flattened drain current and voltage waveforms are generated, which in turn reduce the overlapping and the dc power consumption significantly. In addition, a 0.5-V back-gate voltage is applied to the primary switching transistor to realize the low-voltage operation. At 1 V of supply voltage, the proposed PA has achieved a power added efficiency (PAE) of 34.5% and a saturated output power of 10.1 dBm.

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Real-Time Monitoring of Biotinylated Molecules Detection Dynamics in Nanoporous Anodic Alumina for Bio-Sensing

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9030478 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 478 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Laura Pol ◽

Chris Eckstein ◽

Laura Acosta ◽

Elisabet Xifré-Pérez ◽

Josep Ferré-Borrull ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Modification ◽

Real Time ◽

Anodic Alumina ◽

Label Free ◽

Real Time Monitoring ◽

Helpful Tool ◽

Nanoporous Anodic Alumina ◽

Efficient Detection ◽

Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽

Molecule Model

The chemical modification, or functionalization, of the surfaces of nanomaterials is a key step to achieve biosensors with the best sensitivity and selectivity. The surface modification of biosensors usually comprises several modification steps that have to be optimized. Real-time monitoring of all the reactions taking place during such modification steps can be a highly helpful tool for optimization. In this work, we propose nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) functionalized with the streptavidin-biotin complex as a platform towards label-free biosensors. Using reflective interferometric spectroscopy (RIfS), the streptavidin-biotin complex formation, using biotinylated thrombin as a molecule model, was monitored in real-time. The study compared the performance of different NAA pore sizes in order to achieve the highest response. Furthermore, the optimal streptavidin concentration that enabled the efficient detection of the biotinylated thrombin attachment was estimated. Finally, the ability of the NAA-RIfS system to quantify the concentration of biotinylated thrombin was evaluated. This study provides an optimized characterization method to monitor the chemical reactions that take place during the biotinylated molecules attachment within the NAA pores.

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