Epigenetic Issues. The Link Between Microbiota and Gestational Diabetes.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olimpia Mora-Janiszewska ◽  
Anna Faryniak-Zuzak ◽  
Dorota Darmochwał-Kolarz
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Epigenetic Marks ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Intergenerational Cycle

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is considered a significant and increasing problem worldwide. The growing body of evidence points out that a hostile intrauterine environment in mothers with GDM via epigenetic mechanisms induces "diabetogenic" and "obesogenic" changes in an offspring's DNA. This sets in motion a vicious intergenerational cycle of metabolic diseases gradually deteriorating the health of the human population. One of the most important players in this process seems to be altered microbiota/microbiome. There is a chance that the identification of specific epigenetic marks may provide a key for future diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic solutions/measures in the field of person-alized medicine. Given the reversibility of most epigenetic changes, an opportunity arises to improve the long-term health of the human population/race. In this manuscript, we aim to summarize available data on epigenetic changes among women suffering from GDM and their progeny in association with changes in microbiome.

scholarly journals How Epigenetic Modifications Drive the Expression and Mediate the Action of PGC-1α in the Regulation of Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne I. Krämer ◽  
Christoph Handschin
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Transcriptional Networks ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Regulation Of Metabolism ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Short And Long Term

Epigenetic changes are a hallmark of short- and long-term transcriptional regulation, and hence instrumental in the control of cellular identity and plasticity. Epigenetic mechanisms leading to changes in chromatin structure, accessibility for recruitment of transcriptional complexes, and interaction of enhancers and promoters all contribute to acute and chronic adaptations of cells, tissues and organs to internal and external perturbations. Similarly, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is activated by stimuli that alter the cellular energetic demand, and subsequently controls complex transcriptional networks responsible for cellular plasticity. It thus is of no surprise that PGC-1α is under the control of epigenetic mechanisms, and constitutes a mediator of epigenetic changes in various tissues and contexts. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the link between epigenetics and PGC-1α in health and disease.

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Affects Offspring’s Epigenome. Is There a Way to Reduce the Negative Consequences?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2792
Author(s):  
Monika Słupecka-Ziemilska ◽  
Piotr Wychowański ◽  
Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnancy Complication ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Epigenetic Programming

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common pregnancy complication worldwide and may result in short-term and long-term consequences for offspring. The present review highlights evidence of epigenetic programming, mostly from human studies, which occurs in offspring exposed to maternal GDM during different stages of development, paying special attention to the differences in sensitivity of offspring to maternal hyperglycemia as a result of sex-related factors. We also aim to answer the following question: If these epigenetic changes are constant throughout the lifetime of the offspring, how do they present phenotypically?

scholarly journals The Possible Role of Epigenetics in Gestational Diabetes: Cause, Consequence, or Both

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Fernández-Morera ◽  
S. Rodríguez-Rodero ◽  
E. Menéndez-Torre ◽  
M. F. Fraga
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Intrauterine Environment

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as the glucose intolerance that is not present or recognized prior to pregnancy. Several risk factors of GDM depend on environmental factors that are thought to regulate the genome through epigenetic mechanisms. Thus, epigenetic regulation could be involved in the development of GDM. In addition, the adverse intrauterine environment in patients with GDM could also have a negative impact on the establishment of the epigenomes of the offspring.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Changes in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7649
Author(s):  
Dominik Franciszek Dłuski ◽  
Ewa Wolińska ◽  
Maciej Skrzypczak
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
First Time

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance that appears or is for the first time diagnosed during pregnancy. It can lead to many complications in the mother and in the offspring, so diagnostics and management of GDM are important to avoid adverse pregnancy outcomes. Epigenetic studies revealed the different methylation status of genes in pregnancies with GDM compared to pregnancies without GDM. A growing body of evidence shows that the GDM can affect not only the course of the pregnancy, but also the development of the offspring, thus contributing to long-term effects and adverse health outcomes of the progeny. Epigenetic changes occur through histone modification, DNA methylation, and disrupted function of non-coding ribonucleic acid (ncRNA) including microRNAs (miRNAs). In this review, we focus on the recent knowledge about epigenetic changes in GDM. The analysis of this topic may help us to understand pathophysiological mechanisms in GDM and find a solution to prevent their consequences.

Looking at the Future through the Mother’s Womb: Gestational Diabetes and Offspring Fertility

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niharika Sinha ◽  
Gretchen Lydia Walker ◽  
Aritro Sen
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Altered nutrition or intra-uterine exposure to various adverse conditions during fetal development or earlier in a mother’s life can lead to epigenetic changes in fetal tissues, predisposing those tissues to diseases that manifest when offspring become adults. An example is a maternal obesity associated with gestational diabetes (GDM), where fetal exposure to a hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic, and/or hyperlipidemic gestational environment can provoke epigenetic changes that predispose offspring to various diseased conditions later in life. While it is now well established that offspring exposed to GDM have an increased risk of developing obesity, metabolic disorders, and/or cardiovascular disease in adult life, there are limited studies assessing the reproductive health of these offspring. This mini-review discusses the long-term effect of in-utero exposure to GDM-associated adverse prenatal environment on the reproductive health of the offspring. Moreover, using evidence from various animal models and human epidemiological studies this review offers a molecular insight and understanding of how epigenetic reprogramming of genes culminates in reproductive dysfunction and the development of sub/infertility later in adult life.

scholarly journals How Epigenetic Modifications Drive the Expression and Mediate the Action of PGC-1α In the Regulation of Metabolism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne I. Krämer ◽  
Christoph Handschin
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Transcriptional Networks ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Regulation Of Metabolism ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Short And Long Term

Epigenetic changes are a hallmark of short- and long-term transcriptional regulation, and hence instrumental in the control of cellular identity and plasticity. Epigenetic mechanisms leading to changes in chromatin structure, accessibility for recruitment of transcriptional complexes, and interaction of enhancers and promoters all contribute to acute and chronic adaptations of cells, tissues and organs to internal and external perturbations. Similarly, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) is activated by stimuli that alter the cellular energetic demand, and subsequently controls complex transcriptional networks responsible for cellular plasticity. It thus is of no surprise that PGC-1α is under the control of epigenetic mechanisms, and constitutes a mediator of epigenetic changes in various tissues and contexts. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the link between epigenetics and PGC-1α in health and disease.

scholarly journals Epigenetics and life-long consequences of an adverse nutritional and diabetic intrauterine environment

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. R111-R120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nady El Hajj ◽  
Eberhard Schneider ◽  
Harald Lehnen ◽  
Thomas Haaf
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Fetal Overnutrition

The phenomenon that adverse environmental exposures in early life are associated with increased susceptibilities for many adult, particularly metabolic diseases, is now referred to as ‘developmental origins of health and disease (DOHAD)’ or ‘Barker’ hypothesis. Fetal overnutrition and undernutrition have similar long-lasting effects on the setting of the neuroendocrine control systems, energy homeostasis, and metabolism, leading to life-long increased morbidity. There are sensitive time windows during early development, where environmental cues can program persistent epigenetic modifications which are generally assumed to mediate these gene–environment interactions. Most of our current knowledge on fetal programing comes from animal models and epidemiological studies in humans, in particular the Dutch famine birth cohort. In industrialized countries, there is more concern about adverse long-term consequences of fetal overnutrition, i.e. by exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus and/or maternal obesity which affect 10–20% of pregnancies. Epigenetic changes due to maternal diabetes/obesity may predispose the offspring to develop metabolic disease later in life and, thus, transmit the adverse environmental exposure to the next generation. This vicious cycle could contribute significantly to the worldwide metabolic disease epidemics. In this review article, we focus on the epigenetics of an adverse intrauterine environment, in particular gestational diabetes, and its implications for the prevention of complex disease.

scholarly journals Maternal Obesity, Maternal Overnutrition and Fetal Programming: Effects of Epigenetic Mechanisms on the Development of Metabolic Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezgi Şanlı ◽  
Seray Kabaran
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Programming ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Maternal Overnutrition ◽  
The Impact

Background: Maternal obesity and maternal overnutrition, can lead to epigenetic alterations during pregnancy and these alterations can influence fetal and neonatal phenotype which increase the risk of metabolic disorders in later stages of life. Objective: The effects of maternal obesity on fetal programming and potential mechanisms of maternal epigenetic regulation of gene expression which have persistent effects on fetal health and development were investigated. Method: Review of the literature was carried out in order to discuss the effects of maternal obesity and epigenetic mechanisms in fetal programming of metabolic disorders. All abstracts and full-text articles were examined and the most relevant articles were included in this review. Results: Maternal obesity and maternal overnutrition during fetal period has important overall effects on long-term health. Maternal metabolic alterations during early stages of fetal development can lead to permanent changes in organ structures, cell numbers and metabolism. Epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modifications, microRNAs) play an important role in disease susceptibility in the later stages of human life. Maternal nutrition alter expression of hypothalamic genes which can increase fetal and neonatal energy intake. Epigenetic modifications may affect the increasing rate of obesity and other metabolic disorders worldwide since the impact of these changes can be passed through generations. Conclusion: Weight management before and during pregnancy, together with healthy nutritional intakes may improve the maternal metabolic environment, which can reduce the risks of fetal programming of metabolic diseases. Further evidence from long-term follow-up studies are needed in order to determine the role of maternal obesity on epigenetic mechanisms.

1386-P: Long-Term Weight Change after Pregnancy and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1386-P
Author(s):  
SYLVIA E. BADON ◽  
FEI XU ◽  
CHARLES QUESENBERRY ◽  
ASSIAMIRA FERRARA ◽  
MONIQUE M. HEDDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
History Of

EPEGENTIC TOXICOLOGY: PERSPECTIVES OF THE DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 2-7
Author(s):  
G. A. Sofronov ◽  
E. L. Patkin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Time Periods

One of the complex problems of modern experimental toxicology remains the molecular mechanism of formation of human health disorders separated at different time periods from acute or chronic exposure to toxic environmental pollutants (ecotoxicants). Identifying and understanding what epigenetic changes are induced by the environment, and how they can lead to unfavorable outcome, are vital for protecting public health. Therefore, we consider it important a modern understanding of epigenetic mechanisms involved in the life cycle of mammals and assess available data on the environmentally caused epigenetic toxicity and, accordingly fledging epigenenomic (epigenetic) regulatory toxicology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document