Efektivitas Kebijakan Daerah dalam Penurunan Angka Kematian Ibu dan Bayi

Di Indonesia, desentralisasi sektor kesehatan tidak selalu berdampak baik pada upaya penurunan angka kematian ibu, bayi dan anak balita. Desentralisasi tidak hanya memberi kewenangan pengembangan kebijakan lokal spesifik yang tepat, tetapi juga kebijakan yang tidak mendukung kebijakan nasional sehingga berdampak pencapaian yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas desentralisasi kesehatan dalam mendorong pemerintah daerah menurunkan angka kematian ibu dan bayi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif wawancara semi terstruktur, observasi, dan diskusi kelompok terarah pada informan kunci yang terlibat dalam penyusunan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan daerah. Tiga kabupaten dipilih secara purposif berdasarkan expert judgement meliputi Kabupaten Pasuruan, Kabupaten Takalar dan Kabupaten Kupang. Kebijakan desentralisasi ditemukan bukan saja memberikan kewenang pelayanan kesehatan, tetapi juga menuntut kreativitas penyusunan kebijakan kesehatan. Tiga kabupaten tersebut ternyata mampu membuat kebijakan kesehatan yang menurunkan angka kematian ibu dan bayi. Di setiap daerah, ditemukan inovasi kebijakan yang mengarah pada perbaikan sistem pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan bayi. Pemerintah pusat perlu mendorong pemerintah daerah untuk berinovasi mengembangkan kebijakan kesehatan sehingga target MDGs bidang kesehatan pada tahun 2015 dapat tercapai.In Indonesia, health sector desentralization does not always show good effect reduction measure of infant, maternal and under five children mortality. Local government can make appropriate local spesific health policy, but not always appropriate to national policy, that effect on low coverage. The objective of this study is to analyzes the rule of local policies in reducing maternal and infant mortality rate in Indonesia. The approach used is qualitative research with semi-structured interviews to key informants involved in the preparation and implementation of local policies, making direct observation and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Three districts were selected purposively based on expert judgment are Pasuruan District, Takalar District and Kupang District. The results showed that decentralization gives local governments the authority to conduct health services and local government demanded creativity in formulating health policy. The three districts were able to make health policy related to reducing maternal and infant mortality. This policy is effective to a decrease in maternal and infant mortality rates in the three districts. Although found in every area of innovation policy but its direction is towards the improvement of the health care system for mothers and babies. Therefore, the central government needs to encourage local governments to undertake innovative health policies mainly to decrease maternal and infant mortality rates in order to achieve the MDGs health targets to be achieved by 2015.

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OPTIMALISASI PERAN PEMDA DALAM MENGATASI KENDALA PELAKSANAAN KONSERVASI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DI DAERAH (STUDI KASUS PROVINSI BENGKULU)

Jurnal Good Governance ◽

10.32834/gg.v15i2.121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Antung Deddy Radiansyah

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Biodiversity Conservation ◽

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Regional Government ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Conservation Policies

Gaps in biodiversity conservation management within the Conservation Area that are the responsibility of the central government and outside the Conservation Areas or as the Essential Ecosystems Area (EEA) which are the authority of the Regional Government, have caused various spatial conflicts between wildlife /wild plants and land management activities. Several obstacles faced by the Local Government to conduct its authority to manage (EEA), caused the number and area of EEA determined by the Local Government to be still low. At present only 703,000 ha are determined from the 67 million ha indicated by EEA. This study aims to overview biodiversity conservation policies by local governments and company perceptions in implementing conservation policies and formulate strategies for optimizing the role of Local Governments. From the results of this study, there has not been found any legal umbrella for the implementation of Law number 23/ 2014 related to the conservation of important ecosystems in the regions. This regulatory vacuum leaves the local government in a dilemma for continuing various conservation programs. By using a SWOT to the internal strategic environment and external stratetegic environment of the Environment and Forestry Service, Bengkulu Province , as well as using an analysis of company perceptions of the conservation policies regulatary , this study has been formulated a “survival strategy” through collaboration between the Central Government, Local Governments and the Private Sector to optimize the role of Local Government’s to establish EEA in the regions.Keywords: Management gaps, Essential Ecosystems Area (EEA), Conservation Areas, SWOT analysis and perception analysis

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Game Theory-Based Analysis of Local Governments’ Behavioral Dissimilation in the Third-Party Soil Pollution Control under Chinese-Style Fiscal Decentralization

Land ◽

10.3390/land10040389 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 389

Author(s):

Caihua Zhou

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Soil Pollution ◽

Pollution Control ◽

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Fiscal Decentralization ◽

Third Party ◽

The Third ◽

Party Control ◽

The Third Party

The participation of a third party of the environmental service enterprise theoretically increases the level and efficiency of soil pollution control in China. However, Chinese-style fiscal decentralization may have a negative impact on the behaviors of participants, especially the local government. First, this paper conducts a positioning analysis on participants of the third-party soil pollution control in China and discusses the behavioral dissimilation of the local government under fiscal decentralization. Second, taking the government’s third-party soil pollution control as a case, a two-party game model of the central government and the local government is established around the principal-agent relationship, and a tripartite game model of the central government, the local government, and the third-party enterprise is designed around the collusion between the local government and the third-party enterprise. The results show that Chinese-style fiscal decentralization may lead to the behavioral dissimilation of local governments, that is, they may choose not to implement or passively implement the third-party control, and choose to conspire with third-party enterprises. Improving the benefits from implementing the third-party control of local governments and third-party enterprises, enhancing the central government’s supervision probability and capacity, and strengthening the central government’s punishment for behavioral dissimilation are conducive to the implementation of the third-party soil pollution control. Finally, this study puts forward policy suggestions on dividing the administrative powers between the central and local government in third-party control, building appraisal systems for the local government’s environmental protection performance, constructing environmental regulation mechanisms involving the government, market and society, and formulating the incentive and restraint policies for the participants in the third-party soil pollution control.

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KINERJA KEUANGAN DAERAH PASCA PERALIHAN BEA PEROLEHAN HAK ATAS TANAH DAN BANGUNAN

Jurnal Akuntansi ◽

10.24964/ja.v5i1.252 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Juli Juli Juli

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Financial Performance ◽

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Capital Expenditure ◽

Local Taxes ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Before And After ◽

Operational Expenditure ◽

Observation Period

This study examined differences in the local government's financial performance before and after the transition from central tax BPHTB be local taxes? In general, this study aims to determine the contribution BPHTB to the PAD as a source of funding for the survival of each region in order to achieve local autonomy system. The samples used in this study is the district/city that has existed since autonomy BPHTB not be treated as 114 cities/districts. The realization of the study observation period is the period before the transition budget BPHTB (Year 2010) and after the transition BPHTB (Year 2011). The research data were statistically tested with a different test of two paired samples. The results show that the performance of local government in Java have differences before and after the transition BPHTB from the central government to local governments. This research can provide empirical evidence of the differences in the financial performance of the post-transition region from the center to the regions BPHTB especially Java. The results of this study can also be used as a reference in future studies with similar themes to consider several things. First, the use of samples that are not confined to the local government but the entire Indonesian island of Java. Second, adding the growth rate ie performance measurement. Third, review the compatibility ratio because in addition to operational expenditure and capital expenditure is no longer heading in the budget expenditure is financing and transfer. Keywords: Bea Perolehan Hak atas Tanah dan Bangunan, Financial Performance, Autonomous Region.

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The Role of Social Media in Promoting Information Disclosure on Environmental Incidents: An Evolutionary Game Theory Perspective

10.20944/preprints201809.0350.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Shuang Ling ◽

Shan Gao ◽

Wenhui Liu

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Local Government ◽

Local Governments ◽

Information Disclosure ◽

Central Government ◽

Media Use ◽

Evolutionary Game ◽

Media Influence ◽

Social Media Use ◽

The Public

Despite the expectation that social media use in the public sector contributes to enhancing government's transparency, few studies have been investigated whether social media use actually leads to more disclosure during environmental incidents in practice and how social media influence local governments and their officials' information disclosure. In this article, we model information disclosure during environmental incidents as an evolutionary game process between the central government and local government in social media context, and examine the internal mechanism that how social media influence the progress of information disclosure during environmental incidents. The findings indicate that social media plays an active constructive role in central-local government game relations. Specific- ally, social media can provides an efficient information channels for the central government supervise regional officials in environmental incidents, and thus improves its supervision efficiency, and it also provides an important means for internet mobilization and online-offline interaction by encouraging the public exchange information and express their views, and in turn forces local governments and their officials tend to disclosure ahead.

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World local government control and reference value for Vietnam

Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam ◽

10.31276/vjst.63(4).29-33 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

Dang Phuc Vu ◽

◽

Thi Thanh Nga Nguyen ◽

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Reference Value ◽

Social Institutions ◽

Local Power ◽

Government Control ◽

The People ◽

The Media ◽

And Control

Control of local governments in countries around the world is very diverse,but mainly divided into two categories: 1) control of state agencies (central government control, court control, control of local power representations); 2) control of social institutions including political party control over local government, control of organizations and public associations, control of the media, and control of the people. The paper focuses on analysing the controlling local governments in some countries, thereby giving reference values for Vietnam.

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THE ROLE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN REGIONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE HANDLING OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Yurispruden ◽

10.33474/yur.v4i2.10250 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 208

Author(s):

Fahrul Abrori

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Research Methods ◽

Financial Management ◽

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Fiscal Decentralization ◽

The Government ◽

The Stability ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRAKPandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi di Indonesia membuat pemerintah membuat kebijakan-kebijakan sebagai stimulus untuk menjaga kestabilan masyarakat dan perekonomian. Pemerintah pusat memberikan kewenangan kepada pemerintah daerah untuk mengelola keuangan daerah untuk menangani covid-19 di daerah masing-masing. Hal ini disebabkan karena pemerintah daerah lebih memahami kebutuhan daerahnya. Permasalahan yang diangkat Pertama, bagaimana hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan keuangan untuk penanganan pandemi Covid-19? Kedua, Apa peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam pengelolaan keuangan daerah untuk penanganan pandemi Covid-19? Menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep. Hubungan Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan untuk Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu desentralisasi fiskal yang mana. Peran Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah untuk Penanganan Pandemi Covid-19 yaitu dengan melakukan refocusing kegiatan, realokasi anggaran, dan Penggunaan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah.Kata kunci: Pemerintah Daerah, Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah, Pandemi Covid-19 ABSTRACTThe Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia led the government to make policies as a stimulus to maintain the stability of society and the economy. The central government authorizes local governments to manage local finances to deal with covid-19 in their respective regions. This is because the local government better understands the needs of the region. The issue raised first, how is the relationship between the Central Government and Local Government in financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic? Second, What is the role of local governments in regional financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic? Using normative juridical research methods with statutory approaches and concept approaches. The relationship between the Central Government and Local Government in Financial Management for the Handling of the Covid-19 Pandemic is fiscal decentralization. The role of local governments in regional financial management for the handling of the Covid-19 pandemic is by refocusing activities, reallocating budgets, and using regional budgets.Keywords: Local Government, Regional Financial Management, Covid-19 Pandemic

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Policy Evaluation of Central Government and Local Governments in Untia Fishing Port Development

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/921/1/012052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 921 (1) ◽

pp. 012052

Author(s):

R S Utami ◽

Budimawan ◽

Kurniaty

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Government Support ◽

Port Development ◽

Port Management ◽

Supply Industry ◽

Management Policies ◽

The Republic

Abstract The fishing port as the basis for the capture fisheries sector has a very important role in the national economy. Since the inauguration in 2016 until now, Untia Makassar Fishing Port has not shown an increase in activity as expected. This research objective is to make an inventory of the regulations related to the Untia Fishery Port Management Policies and how is the implementation of the Untia Fishery Port Management Policies. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The method of data collection is done by interview, participatory observation, documentation, and questionnaire. The results show that the Decree of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Number 74 / KEPMEN-KP / 2016 concerning the Management of Untia Fishery Ports has not succeeded in becoming a tool in increasing fisheries activities. Therefore, it is necessary to coordinate immediately with the Ministry of Administrative Reform - Bureaucratic Reform (Kemenpan-RB) so that the nomenclature of Untia fishery port managers can be immediately determined so that additional human resources and budgeting resources can be added. The efforts must be made so that policy implementation can be maximized in the community, namely (1) local government support for the initiation of the 30 GT ship to facilitate it to the fishery port for use and (2) local government support in the form of regulations for industrial entrepreneurs both in the ship supply industry as well as the marketing and distribution of fishery products to grow the fishery industry at the port of Untia.

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Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1991

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.90.6.835 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 90 (6) ◽

pp. 835-845

Author(s):

Myron E. Wegman

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Infant Mortality ◽

Divorce Rate ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Vital Statistics ◽

Natural Increase ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Marriage Rates ◽

Final Data

Between 1990 and 1991, provisional data show that the infant mortality rate decreased again, from 9.1 to 8.9, a decline of 2% in contrast to the 7% decline from 1989 to 1990. Birth, death, and marriage rates were also lower, but the divorce rate stayed at about the same level as in 1990. Natural increase in the population, excess of births over deaths, was less than 2 million, 4% less than the increase in 1990. Detailed analysis of changes and of the influence of factors like age and race requires final data; at the time of preparation of this report final birth and death data were available only through 1989. For a variety of reasons, including staff shortages and delays in receipt of state data by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), final data for 1990, which would usually have been available in late August 1992, are not expected before early 1993. Unlike recent years, the decline in the infant mortality rate was only in the neonatal component, which decreased 3.6%. Postneonatal mortality increased, for the first time in many years, by 1.6%, suggesting that the decline in the total is related more to therapeutic advances in neonatology than to improved prevention. Internationally, newly independent Latvia was added to the list of countries with rates less than 15, but Costa Rica was deleted. With the reunification of Germany the list shrank to 28 and, by default, the United States moved up from 21st to 20th. Some 12.5 million births, less than 9% of the world total, took place in countries with under-5 mortality rates of less than 20 per 1000. At the other end of the scale, 42% of the world's births occurred in countries with under-5 mortality rates of more than 140 per 1000. The median under-5 mortality rate for those countries in 1990 was 189 per 1000, meaning that almost 20% of the infants born alive in these countries died before their fifth birthday.

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Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1993

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.94.6.792 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 792-803 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Myron E. Wegman

Keyword(s):

Infant Mortality ◽

Death Rate ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Vital Statistics ◽

Infant Mortality Rate ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Percentage Increase ◽

Birth Rates ◽

Older Mothers

A new low in the infant mortality rate was reached again in 1993, at 828.8 deaths per 100 000 live births, a decline of 2% from 848.7 in 1992. Births, marriages, and divorces were all lower, both in number and rate. Deaths and the death rate, however, both increased and, more significantly, the age-adjusted death rate increased. A likely explanation is the occurrence of influenza epidemics in early and late 1993. The rate of natural increase declined 8%, to a level of 6.9 per 1000 population. Final figures on births for 1992 indicate that, for the first time in many years, birth rates to teen-agers declined, more among black mothers than white. Increase in birth rate among older mothers continued at a somewhat slower rate than recently; older mothers tended to be better educated than the general population in their age groups. Total fertility rates were higher among mothers of Hispanic origin than among non-Hispanic blacks who, in turn, had higher rates than non-Hispanic whites. Among Hispanics the highest rates were in those of Mexican origin. Unlike recent years, birth rates to unmarried mothers did not increase in 1992. Prenatal care coverage improved, with more mothers seeking care early and fewer receiving late or no care. Electronic and fetal monitoring was performed on more than three-quarters of all births and ultrasound on more than half. Life expectancy decreased slightly, in contrast to recent years. Among major causes of death, increases were recorded in 1993 for chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, pneumonia and influenza, and HIV infection, the latter having the largest percentage increase. Internationally, infant mortality rates in most other industrialized countries declined further in 1992. Comparatively, as in 1991, 21 other countries had infant mortality rates lower than the United States.

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Dampak Desentralisasi Fiskal terhadap Volatilitas Belanja Pemerintah Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia

Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia ◽

10.21002/jepi.v19i1.879 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 118-138

Author(s):

Benedictus Raksaka Mahi ◽

Syarah Siti Supriyanti

Keyword(s):

Local Government ◽

Government Spending ◽

Local Governments ◽

Central Government ◽

Fiscal Decentralization ◽

Government Transparency ◽

Before And After

The volatility of expenditures sub-local derived from central government transparency in transfers to local governments may aggravate sublocal economy. This study aims to analyze the eect of fiscal decentralization to the level of volatility of local government spending in 230 sub-local in Indonesia. We use two periods, before and after the implementation of Law No. 28 Year 2009. The regression results indicate that the volatility of local government spending may decrease if the degree of fiscal decentralization increases, especially at the time when districts implement that law. As responsive taxation can provide incentives for smooth spending for sub-local government. ================================= Volatilitas belanja pemerintah kabupaten/kota yang berasal dari ketidakpastian transfer pemerintah pusat kepada pemerintah daerah dapat memperburuk perekonomian kabupaten/kota. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh desentralisasi fiskal terhadap tingkat volatilitas belanja riil pemerintah pada 230 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia serta membandingkan data sebelum dan sesudah implementasi UU No. 28 Tahun 2009. Hasil menunjukkan semakin tinggi derajat desentralisasi fiskal, cenderung menurunkan volatilitas belanja riil pemerintah kabupaten/kota karena kemampuan fiskal kabupaten/kota cenderung meningkat setelah implementasi UU tersebut. Pajak properti merupakan sumber penerimaan daerah yang dapat diprediksi sehingga pemerintah kabupaten/kota dapat mengelola belanja daerahnya dengan lebih pasti dan terukur.

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