Rekayasa dan Penguatan Lembaga Menghadapi Persaingan Global Berbasis Wirausaha dan Etika Islam

Abstract: The economic trends of countries in the world tend to lead to globalization and several countries that have a common interest in forming a global place in a narrower or regional scope such as AFTA, APEC, NAFTA, and so on are the efforts of countries that are members of these organizations. to be able to compete in the global economy. This paper aims to elaborate the concept of engineering and strengthening of entrepreneurial institutions and Islamic ethics in order to face the era of the global market. This study uses the literature study method, namely by studying various sources and literature related to institutional strengthening, entrepreneurship, and Islamic ethics. The results of the study concluded that organizational development as an engineering and strengthening of institutions to improve global competitiveness based on entrepreneurship and Islamic ethics can be an alternative solution for government, private and community institutions in facing competition between institutions that demand that each institution can have a competitive advantage and make values entrepreneurship and Islamic ethics as a basis in Engineering and Strengthening Institutions to enhance global competitiveness.Abstrak: Tren perekonomian negara-negara di dunia cenderung mengarah kepada globalisasi dan beberapa negara yang memiliki kesamaan kepentingan membentuk satu tempat global pada ruang lingkup yang lebih sempit atau regional seperti AFTA, APEC, NAFTA, dan sebagainya merupakan upaya dari negara-negara yang tergabung dalam organisasi tersebut untuk tetap dapat bersaing dalam kancah perekonomian global. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi konsep rekayasa dan penguatan lembaga berbasis kewirausahaan dan etika Islam dalam rangka menghadapi era pasar global. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka, yakni dengan mempelajari berbagai sumber dan literature yang terkait dengan penguatan lembaga, kewirausahaan, dan etika Islam. Hasil kajian menyimpulkan bahwa pengembangan organisasi sebagai rekayasa dan penguatan lembaga untuk meningkatkan daya saing global berbasis wirausaha dan etika Islam dapat menjadi alternatif solusi bagi lembaga-lembaga pemerintahan, swasta dan masyarakat dalam menghadapi persaingan antar lembaga yang menuntut setiap lembaga dapat memiliki keunggulan kompetitif dan menjadikan nilai-nilai wirausaha serta etika Islam sebagai basis dalam rekayasa dan penguatan lembaga untuk meningkatkan daya saing global.

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Human Capital and International Capital Flows: Evidence from China

International Regional Science Review ◽

10.1177/0160017621989421 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 016001762198942

Author(s):

Zhenshan Yang ◽

Yinghao Pan ◽

Dongqi Sun ◽

Li Ma

Keyword(s):

Human Capital ◽

Capital Flows ◽

Global Economy ◽

Global Market ◽

International Capital Flows ◽

International Capital ◽

Outward Fdi ◽

Local Economies ◽

Vector Autoregressive ◽

External Resources

The pattern of international capital flows has changed dramatically in the process of globalization. In this study, we argue that human capital (HC) facilitates a region’s reversal from being a net recipient of external resources to being an active contributor in the global market. Using a panel vector autoregressive regression method, we examine the relationships among regional HC, foreign direct investment (FDI), and outward FDI during 2004–2015 in China. Our results show that HC plays a key role in both attracting FDI and generating outward FDI. The findings contribute to research on the dynamic capacity building of regions participating in the global economy, especially strengthening HC for local economies participating in the global economy as either investment recipients or contributors.

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Capital Production and Social Equity: Finding Balance in Chinese Cities

10.52200/50.a.p1mvwpp2 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 28-35

Author(s):

Andrew Liang

Keyword(s):

Economic Reform ◽

Capital Accumulation ◽

Global Economy ◽

Social Equity ◽

Modern Society ◽

Global Market ◽

Wealth Creation ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Chinese Cities ◽

The One

China’s massive capital accumulation, economic ascent and wealth production has largely been the result of their rapid urbanization effort. While it is indisputable that the country has largely succeeded in its economic reform efforts given its status as the world’s second largest economy and in that process lifted hundreds of millions of its population out of poverty, it has also, in that process, created severe social inequality and friction. This essay largely argues that Chinese cities are purpose-built financial instruments for capital accumulation, a result of the forces of globalization which could only have happened in sync with the time and space of a global economy. Though highly successful, so far the process has marginalized the objective of social integration into its performative matrix indexing. In this regard China has pursued an exploitive model of market driven urbanization and the resultant morphological and spatial attributes of the Chinese cities, while having achieved spectacular results on many levels, are nevertheless disjunctive. They are commodities of generic sameness that are mass-produced and exhibit the same anesthetizing effects of the spectacle that are ever prevalent in today’s global market production process, product and place. Recognizing that globalization and capitalism are here to stay in the immediate future, it begs the question if China, while having already undertaken extreme economic reform experimentations allowing it to now bask in its temporal success, will be able to leverage its acquired market knowledge and wealth creation to prospectively overcome the incredibly complex challenge of creating equitable cities in the future — ones that balance the demands of capital production on the one hand and social equity on the other — or rather will it sink deeper into the “neoliberal modern society” that it has already become.

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The Pacification of the Favelas: Mega Events, Global Competitiveness, and the Neutralization of Marginality

Socialist Studies/Études Socialistes ◽

10.18740/s4sg63 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sebastian Saborio

Keyword(s):

Community Policing ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Global Economy ◽

Sporting Events ◽

Safe Place ◽

Global Competitiveness ◽

Mega Events ◽

The City ◽

Article Analyse ◽

Do So

Rio de Janeiro is preparing to host two major sporting events in the coming years: the 2014 FIFA World Football Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games. Local authorities are promoting these mega events as an opportunity to increase the global competitiveness of the city. But in order to attract private capital from the global economy it is not enough for Rio to showcase the city as capable of organizing and implementing these events. Rather, the authorities must also demonstrate that what has been considered one of the most dangerous cities in the world can now become a safe place for business. To do so, what has been promoted as a new model of ‘community policing’ the UPP (Pacifying Police Units) has been implemented since 2008 in 107 favelas. The majority of the favelas involved in the program are situated around the sites where these mega events will take place and around other wealthy areas of the city. This article analyses the relation between mega events, global competitiveness and the neutralization of local marginality. Rio de Janeiro se prépare à accueillir les plus grands événement sportifs des prochaines années: la coupe du monde de football en 2014 et les jeux olympiques en 2016. Les autorités locales valorisent ces événements mondiaux comme autant d’opportunités pour augmenter la compétitivité de la ville.  Cependant, il n’est pas suffisant pour attirer les capitaux privés de l’économie mondiale que Rio soit valorisée comme une ville capable d’organiser et de gérer ces événements. Les autorités doivent aussi démontrer que, ce qui auparavant était considéré comme une des plus dangereuses villes du monde, peut maintenant devenir un endroit sûr pour les entreprises. Dans ce but, l’ UPP (Pacifying Police Units) a été mis en place en 2008 dans 107 favelas et est décrit comme le nouveau modèle de la police communitarian. La plupart des favelas intégrées dans le programme sont situées autour des lieux qui accueilleront les événements et dans d’autres endroits confortables de la ville. Pour cette raisons, cette article analyse les relations entre les événements mondiaux, la compétitivité mondiale et la neutralisation de la marginalité locale.

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Lithuania’s Competitiveness: Myths, Realities and Perspectives

Ekonomika ◽

10.15388/ekon.2008.17689 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 84 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jekaterina Rojaka

Keyword(s):

International Comparisons ◽

Business Environment ◽

Global Competitiveness ◽

Doing Business ◽

National Competitiveness ◽

Economic Trends ◽

World Economic ◽

Business Entities ◽

National Programs ◽

Individual Economy

In recent years, the concept of national competitiveness and favourable business environment is broadly associated with economic development. The countries are increasingly paying attention to their competitiveness on global markets by promoting national programs and founding institutions aimed at tackling competitiveness issues. A number of leading international organizations, research institutes and business entities carry out global comparative studies on nation’s competitiveness. However, the global competitiveness ranking results are often inconsistent with economic trends. This raises a question whether the international competitiveness ran kings provide a proper guidance for an individual economy in improving the business environment. The paper aims at revealing the factors behind the discrepancies in evaluating a national competitiveness by international institutions and national agents. The analysis is based on the datasets of two influential publications - Doing Business (the World Bank) and Global Competitiveness Report (World Economic Forum). The study was enriched by a questionnaire, specially tailored to assess the most problematic issues in measuring the business and investment environment. The research has shown that the international comparisons only partially correspond to the national perception of competitiveness. The paper also addresses policy insights for enhancing Lithuania’s competitiveness.

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Economic productivity and competitiveness of Ukrainian exports due to the global challenges

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/202110701002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 107 ◽

pp. 01002

Author(s):

Lesia Petkova ◽

Olena Berezina ◽

Iryna Honcharenko ◽

Ihor Osadchenko

Keyword(s):

Economic Policy ◽

Global Economy ◽

Research Result ◽

World Market ◽

Global Market ◽

Economic Productivity ◽

Iron And Steel ◽

National Economic ◽

Innovative Products ◽

Productivity And Competitiveness

Productivity and economic growth are key factors to maintain and improve the competitiveness of nations in the global market. The paper analyzes the prospects for the competitiveness of Ukrainian exports in the terms of pandemic circumstances and post-pandemic recovery of the global economy. The prospects for strengthening the competitiveness of Ukraine’s economy evaluating based on the modified approach for assessing the revealed comparative advantage. The dynamics and structure of major industries exports were estimating. The research result proved that the growth of innovative products in the iron and steel industry increases its competitiveness in the world market. The established reduction of the identified comparative advantages index for the main exports positions reflects the presence of structural and technological lags in the modern structure of the national economy and requires economic policy measures aimed at long-term action. Respectively, the main goals of contemporary national economic policy aimed at promoting the export competitiveness of Ukrainian products (goods & services) have to be the stimulating of R&D, infrastructure modernization and capital deepening.

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Investigating e-Retailers’ Intentions to Adopt Cryptocurrency Considering the Mediation of Technostress and Technology Involvement

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su14020641 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 641

Author(s):

Runhan Wu ◽

Kamran Ishfaq ◽

Siraj Hussain ◽

Fahad Asmi ◽

Ahmad Nabeel Siddiquei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Global Economy ◽

Emotional State ◽

Current Work ◽

Pacific Region ◽

Formal Institutions ◽

The Future ◽

Economic Trends ◽

Regulatory Bodies ◽

First Time ◽

Governing Institutions

Cryptocurrencies have transgressed ever-changing economic trends in the global economy, owing to their conveyance, security, trust, and the ability to make transactions without the aid of formal institutions and governing bodies. However, the adoption of cryptocurrency remains low among stakeholders, including e-retailers. Thus, the current work explores the intentions of e-retailers in the Asia and Pacific region to adopt cryptocurrencies. This study considers the TAM-based SOR, with a combination of non-cognitive attributes (compatibility and convenience) proposed as stimuli for e-retailers to adopt the examined cryptocurrencies. The findings indicate that the proposed non-cognitive attributes are critical in determining e-retailers’ technostress (emotional state). Moreover, it was found that technostress among e-retailers profoundly impacts their intentions to adopt cryptocurrency in business settings. Meanwhile, regulatory support communication can be used to help regulatory bodies and governing institutions control the future economy worldwide. The proposed study offers significant theoretical and practical contributions through its investigation of e-retailers’ intentions to adopt cryptocurrency for the first time in the particular context of technostress and regulatory support.

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Managing a South African organisation within a dual manufacturing and services economy

Acta Commercii ◽

10.4102/ac.v8i1.83 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. Weeks ◽

S. Benade

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Global Economy ◽

Manufacturing Sector ◽

Management Approach ◽

The South ◽

Literature Study ◽

Important Conclusion ◽

Management Perspective ◽

The Impact ◽

Dualistic Economy

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the nature of the South African dual manufacturing and services economy and the impact thereof on organisations from a management perspective. Problem investigated: Services account for over 65% of South Africa's gross domestic product (GDP) and reflects an escalating trend. The manufacturing sector of the economy is just over 26% of GDP. This by implication implies that the South African economy is dualistic in nature. The economy functions as an integrated component of the global economy, one that is highly competitive and turbulent in nature. The traditional management approach tends to be one based on a mechanistic, analytical and deterministic manufacturing perspective that is no longer effective in dealing with the services economy. Methodology: A literature study is undertaken and a narrative enquiry conducted by means of discussions with 24 South African executives to determine the impact of the dual economy on South African organisations and the influence thereof from a management perspective. The approach adopted was intentionally analytical-descriptive in nature. The narrative enquiry constituted open ended but structured discussions with executives in order to learn from their personal experiences in managing an organisation in what is termed to be the dual South African services and manufacturing economy. Findings: An important conclusion drawn from the study is that traditional paradigms of management that evolved within a mechanistic manufacturing economy is no longer effective for dealing with the unpredictable and disruptive changes of a highly competitive global services economy. A complexity theory based management approach it would appear may be more relevant in dealing with the emergent realities associated with a turbulent services economy. Value of the research: Seen within the context of the changing nature of the global and South African economy, the insights gained from the study could assist executives and managers in exploring alternative paradigms of management that would be more appropriate for dealing with the paradoxical nature of a dualistic economy. Conclusion: Appropriate management paradigms differ in terms of contextual realities confronting managers, namely dealing with ordered and un-ordered contextual conditions. The Cynefin Framework (Kurtz & Snowden, 2003) serves as a means of sense making in finding the most appropriate management response for dealing with the contextual realities associated with a dualistic economy.

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China and the United States in the Andes

China, The United States, and the Future of Latin America ◽

10.18574/nyu/9781479899289.003.0009 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ruben Gonzalez-Vicente

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Global Economy ◽

The United States ◽

National Politics ◽

Economic Competition ◽

Environmental Pressures ◽

Post Cold War ◽

Environmentally Sustainable ◽

The Andes ◽

Economic Trends

Politics in the Andes in the post–Cold War era are not at the mercy of “inter-national” dynamics but are mostly affected by global economic trends. While the United States and China have somewhat distinct approaches—in part determined by their own positions in the global economy—they both deepen the entrance of global markets in the region. Economic competition within a U.S.- and China-centric business-led globalization poses important challenges for industrialization and socially and environmentally sustainable development in the Andes. The four countries here analyzed (Chile, Peru, Ecuador, and Colombia) are thus in a curious position. Their civil societies are as vibrant as ever, and their national politics more immune to foreign intervention, yet they increasingly face similar economic and environmental pressures through their investment, trade, and finance links with the world’s two largest economies.

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Globalization should be what states make of it

10.26686/wgtn.17013821.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Régis Le Moguédec

Keyword(s):

Global Economy ◽

Political Action ◽

Global Financial Crisis ◽

International System ◽

State Intervention ◽

Global Market ◽

Financial Deregulation ◽

The Great Depression ◽

Public Money ◽

The Global Financial Crisis

A significant factor that prevented the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) from becoming as calamitous as the Great Depression of 1929, is the fact that states reacted swiftly to inject massive sums of public money to save the banks and the global financial system. This massive state intervention highlighted the limits of the progressive deregulation of the international system which characterized the process of globalization. It showed that states had huge responsibilities in keeping the global economy afloat, albeit without a clear compass or direction. The apparent ‘anarchy’ of the global market system makes conceivable that, to paraphrase A. Wendt, “globalization should be what states make of it”. Limiting the scope of study to the postmodern state, and looking at the discourse surrounding the globalization process that promotes de-regulation and limited government within a ‘neo-liberal paradigm’ it looks at the ‘democratic deficit’ which weakens the political decision-making process. If not yet a ‘paradigm shift’, the GFC has many ingredients of a crisis of capitalism which needs to re-invent itself, and political action is crucial to curb the excesses of finance. Looking at France, and the election of Francois Hollande on a strong ‘anti-finance’ platform in 2012 and its European Union dimension, it remains to be seen if that kind of shift will actually be able to operate and be successful to set the tone for global reforms. In conclusion, the core argument is that the global ‘trial’ of the neoliberal paradigm and the concept of financial deregulation should now enter a new phase. It is historically and symbolically the defeat of the self-regulating markets as a blueprint for global prosperity. The present structures are inadequate, and states have to find new ways for cooperation in order to steer this integrated world towards greater cohesion.

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Innovation and Sustainability in SMEs

Handbook of Research on Intrapreneurship and Organizational Sustainability in SMEs - Advances in Logistics, Operations, and Management Science ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3543-0.ch008 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 163-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Neeta Baporikar

Keyword(s):

Organizational Development ◽

Small And Medium Enterprises ◽

National Income ◽

Global Market ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Employment Opportunities ◽

Business Sustainability ◽

Sustainable Solutions ◽

Medium Enterprises ◽

Short Termism

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are the engines of economic growth, promote equitable development and create more opportunities for being innovative in providing sustainable solutions. They also play a crucial role in providing employment opportunities, aid industrialization in rural backward areas, reduce regional imbalances and assure equitable distribution of national income and wealth. But survival in the new global market calls not only for improved productivity but sustainability and growth through innovation on incessant basis. Business sustainability involves self-assessment to identify improvement opportunities, strengths and ideas for future organizational development. In India, though SME is an important contributor to economy, yet many face lot of difficulties and end winding up or becoming unsustainable. Several studies have shown that factors related to poor management, less innovative approaches, short short-termism are the causes of failure or closure. Hence, the core objective of this chapter is to explore the approaches which can lead to better understanding of sustainable replicas to enhance innovation and sustainability.

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