scholarly journals Experiences of the mothers who have tried to intervene with their children’s obesity: A qualitative study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihua Piao ◽  
Jeongeun Kim ◽  
Ahjung Byun ◽  
Woo Joung Joung
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Competitive Environments ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Control Body

Abstract Background: Childhood obesity has become increasingly prevalent not only worldwide but also in South Korea. It is known that the lifestyle habits and parents’ education were found to be effective. The aim of this research is to explore the experiences of obese children and their mothers regarding obesity and identifying barriers and facilitators to optimize their weight control practices.Methods: A qualitative method of focus group interview was used for the data collection. Overweight or obese children aged between 12 and 14 and their mothers participated in the interview.Results: Five pairs of participants (a mother and a child) were interviewed. Mothers tended to be aware of their children’s weight issue and tried to manage it themselves by supporting them more actively. They made considerable efforts to change their children’s lifestyles with regard to diet and exercise. Additionally, children expected to let their mothers guide them in order to control body weight. However, barriers to achieving their desired body weight were associated with their social contexts that prevented them from continuing their healthy lifestyles. Social context was influential for addressing childhood obesity. The busy and competitive environments in which they live forced the children into busy lifestyles that hindered them from performing their healthy habit promptly.Conclusions: The results suggest that interventions should be focused on setting a realistic goal and engaging in simple behaviors that could be performed in daily routine. Moreover, ensuring access to a communication channel with other parents or healthcare providers is important.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Signatures for the Effects of Weight Loss Interventions on Severe Obesity in Children and Adolescents

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Min-Ji Sohn ◽  
Woori Chae ◽  
Jae-Sung Ko ◽  
Joo-Youn Cho ◽  
Ji-Eun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Glutamate Metabolism ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

Childhood obesity has increased worldwide, and many clinical and public interventions have attempted to reduce morbidity. We aimed to determine the metabolomic signatures associated with weight control interventions in children with obesity. Forty children from the “Intervention for Children and Adolescent Obesity via Activity and Nutrition (ICAAN)” cohort were selected according to intervention responses. Based on changes in body mass index z-scores, 20 were responders and the remaining non-responders. Their serum metabolites were quantitatively analyzed using capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry at baseline and after 6 and 18 months of intervention. After 18 months of intervention, the metabolite cluster changes in the responders and non-responders showed a difference on the heatmap, but significant metabolites were not clear. However, regardless of the responses, 13 and 49 metabolites were significant in the group of children with obesity intervention at 6 months and 18 months post-intervention compared to baseline. In addition, the top five metabolic pathways (D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism; arginine biosynthesis; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; TCA cycle; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis) including several amino acids in the metabolites of obese children after 18 months were significantly changed. Our study showed significantly different metabolomic profiles based on time post obesity-related intervention. Through this study, we can better understand and predict childhood obesity through metabolite analysis and monitoring.

Prescribing in obese children: how good are paediatricians?

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Collier ◽  
Maria Nasim ◽  
Anjum Gandhi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Drug Doses ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Ideal

Childhood obesity is increasing nationally and worldwide. Using the child's total body weight to calculate drug doses for certain medications could result in incorrect dosing. The aim of this study was to assess whether paediatric doctors have knowledge about prescribing correct doses of medications for obese children by using methods to calculate the ‘ideal body weight’ (IBW). A questionnaire was sent to paediatric doctors asking whether they understand IBW and how to calculate it using the McLaren method. The results suggested that most paediatric doctors did not determine whether a child was obese when calculating drug doses. There was relatively poor understanding about the concept of IBW and only 9% of paediatricians in this study knew how to calculate it. There should be more training and guidance about calculating IBW in obese children to avoid potentially toxic errors.

scholarly journals Minireview: From Anorexia to Obesity—The Yin and Yang of Body Weight Control

Endocrinology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 144 (9) ◽  
pp. 3749-3756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Zigman ◽  
Joel K. Elmquist
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Public Health Goal ◽  
Control Food ◽  
Control Body ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
Control Food Intake

Abstract Over the past decade, there has been a tremendous increase in the understanding of the molecular and neural mechanisms that control food intake and body weight. Yet eating disorders and cachexia are still common, and obesity cases are rising at alarming rates. Thus, despite recent progress, an increased understanding of the molecular and neural substrates that control body weight homeostasis is a major public health goal. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which metabolic signals interact with key behavioral, neuroendocrine, and autonomic regulatory regions of the central nervous system. Additionally, we offer a model in which hormones such as leptin and ghrelin interact with similar central nervous system circuits and engage them in such a way as to maintain an appropriate and tight regulation of body weight and food intake. Our model predicts that overstimulation or understimulation of these central pathways can result in obesity, anorexia, or cachexia.

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of semaglutide in glycemic control, body weight management, lipid profiles and other biomarkers among obese type 2 diabetes patients initiated or switched to semaglutide from other GLP-1 receptor agonists

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aki Okamoto ◽  
Hirohide Yokokawa ◽  
Tomoko Nagamine ◽  
Hiroshi Fukuda ◽  
Teruhiko Hisaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Control Body ◽  
Body Weight Control

Abstract Purpose Evidence of the efficacy and safety of semaglutide among patients with type 2 diabetes who were initiated on or were switched to semaglutide from other GLP-1 RAs remains limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the short-term effects of switching to semaglutide from other GLP-1 RAs. Methods This retrospective cohort study evaluated patients with type 2 diabetes who were initiated on or were switched to semaglutide due to poor diabetes control with other GLP-1 RAs or other medications, or obesity. HbA1c, body weight, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, parameters of lipid metabolism, and parameters of liver function were measured before and 6 months after administration of semaglutide. Results A total of 50 patients were registered in the study. After switching to semaglutide (n = 43), HbA1c and body weight significantly decreased (p < 0.01, p < 0.01), respectively. The same findings were observed in semaglutide-naïve patients (p = 0.04, p < 0.02) (n = 7). Serum uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio decreased significantly as well (p = 0.04, p = 0.04, p = 0.02, p = 0.04), whereas serum creatinine did not change significantly (p = 0.51). Conclusions Semaglutide showed excellent efficacy, even in patients switched from other GLP-1 RAs. Semaglutide appears to be a promising agent for blood glucose and body weight control in obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and could be more potent in treating type 2 diabetes than existing GLP-1 RAs.

How to Maintain a Healthy Body Weight

2006 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrup
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Healthy Body

The epidemic of both obesity and type 2 diabetes is due to environmental factors, but the individuals developing the conditions possess a strong genetic predisposition. Observational surveys and intervention studies have shown that excess body fatness is the major environmental cause of type 2 diabetes, and that even a minor weight loss can prevent its development in high-risk subjects. Maintenance of a healthy body weight in susceptible individuals requires 45–60 minutes physical activity daily, a fat-reduced diet with plenty of fruit, vegetables, whole grain, and lean meat and dairy products, and moderate consumption of calorie containing beverages. The use of table values to predict the glycemic index of meals is of little – if any – value, and the role of a low-glycemic index diet for body weight control is controversial. The replacement of starchy carbohydrates with protein from lean meat and lean dairy products enhances satiety, and facilitate weight control. It is possible that dairy calcium also promotes weight loss, although the mechanism of action remains unclear. A weight loss of 5–10% can be induced in almost all obese patients providing treatment is offered by a professional team consisting of a physician and dieticians or nurses trained to focus on weight loss and maintenance. Whereas increasing daily physical activity and regular exercise does not significantly effect the rate of weight loss in the induction phase, it plays an important role in the weight maintenance phase due to an impact on daily energy expenditure and also to a direct enhancement of insulin sensitivity.

Effectiveness of a Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Intervention to Reduce Obesity among Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Md Rizwanul Ahsan ◽  
Sabrina Makbul ◽  
Probir Kumar Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Family Based

Background: Now a days unhealthy lifestyle primarily responsible for the dramatic increase obesity among children and adolescents. Objective: The purpose of the study is to see the effects of a multidisciplinary lifestyle intervention to reduce obese children and adolescents. The main outcome was cardiometabolic risk based on the waist-to-height ratio (WHTR) measurement. Secondary outcomes were (1) changes in body composition; (2) adherence to a Mediterranean diet; and (3) physical performance. Methods: The study involved 64 overweight/obese children or adolescents conducted at Dhaka Shishu Hospital from October 2017 to September 2018. The intervention was multidisciplinary including nutrition, exercise, and psychological aspects based on a family-based approach; it was delivered for six months for children and three months for adolescents. Before and after the intervention, several anthropometric measures height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body composition, cardiometabolic risk index waist-to-height ratio (WHTR), and dietary habits of the participants and their families were evaluated. In addition, a set of functional motor fitness tests was performed to evaluate physical performance measures. Results: After the intervention both children and adolescents showed a significant reduction in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, and WHTR index and an improvement of fat-free mass, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and physical fitness performance. Conclusion: A short term family-based multidisciplinary approach is effective in ameliorating the health status, dietary habits, and physical performance in children and adolescents. DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 111-118

Obesity in Children - An alarming problem in Kaumarbhritya

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharma Shilpi ◽  
Sharma Rakesh ◽  
Bhima Devi ◽  
Asharafi Bakhtyar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
The Body ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Body Activity ◽  
Obesity In Children ◽  
At Home

A roly-poly child obviously attracts many attentions but if the trend remains unchanged it could be a reason of worry as this is the primitive sign of childhood obesity which is the leading problem in today’s era. With continuous change in life style and dietary habits, child has become the victim of many diseases and obesity (Sthaulya) is one of them. There are and were some human activists talking about reducing the weight of study bags; but none is thinking about the weight our babies are carrying. In present era both parents are working, to earn the luxuries and amusements, so the kids are left with the food packets at home with idiot boxes to see some “de-shaped” cartoons resulting in the reduction of healthy nutritious diet and also reducing their body activity. The body weight of our babies is putting pressure on their “cuteness”, their “happiness”, their “emotions” and on their “being”. In Ayurveda it needs step by step examination and treatment to break the ‘Dushtasamprapti Chakra’ of Sthaulya by both non pharmacological such as Yoga and pharmacological remedies such as Panchakarma therapy, Shamana therapy etc. to achieve the goal.

scholarly journals Effects of Three Different Family-Based Interventions in Overweight and Obese Children: The “4 Your Family” Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Varagiannis ◽  
Emmanuella Magriplis ◽  
Grigoris Risvas ◽  
Katerina Vamvouka ◽  
Adamantia Nisianaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Family Based Interventions

Childhood overweight and obesity prevalence has risen dramatically in the past decades, and family-based interventions may be an effective method to improve children’s eating behaviors. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of three different family-based interventions: group-based, individual-based, or by website approach. Parents and school aged overweight or obese children, 8–12 years of age, were eligible for the study. A total of 115 children were randomly allocated in one of the three interventions, and 91 completed the study (79% compliance); Group 1 (n = 36) received group-based interventions by various experts; Group 2 (n = 30) had interpersonal family meetings with a dietitian; and Group 3 (n = 25) received training through a specifically developed website. Anthropometric, dietary, physical activity, and screen time outcomes were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. Within-group comparisons indicated significant improvement in body weight, body mass index (BMI)-z-score, physical activity, and screen time from baseline in all three study groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, total body fat percentage (%TBF) was also decreased in Groups 2 and 3. Between-group differences varied with body weight and %TBF change, being larger in Group 3 compared to Groups 1 and 2, in contrast to BMI-z-score, screen time, and health behaviors, which were significantly larger in Group 2 than the other two groups. In conclusion, personalized family-based interventions are recommended to successfully improve children’s lifestyle and body weight status.

scholarly journals The Effect of a Food Addiction Explanation Model for Weight Control and Obesity on Weight Stigma

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry S. O’Brien ◽  
Rebecca M. Puhl ◽  
Janet D. Latner ◽  
Dermot Lynott ◽  
Jessica D. Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Food Addiction ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Weight Stigma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Significant Group Difference ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
And Control

There is increasing scientific and public support for the notion that some foods may be addictive, and that poor weight control and obesity may, for some people, stem from having a food addiction. However, it remains unclear how a food addiction model (FAM) explanation for obesity and weight control will affect weight stigma. In two experiments (N = 530 and N = 690), we tested the effect of a food addiction explanation for obesity and weight control on weight stigma. In Experiment 1, participants who received a FAM explanation for weight control and obesity reported lower weight stigma scores (e.g., less dislike of ‘fat people’, and lower personal willpower blame) than those receiving an explanation emphasizing diet and exercise (F(4,525) = 7.675, p = 0.006; and F(4,525) = 5.393, p = 0.021, respectively). In Experiment 2, there was a significant group difference for the dislike of ‘fat people’ stigma measure (F(5,684) = 5.157, p = 0.006), but not for personal willpower weight stigma (F(5,684) = 0.217, p = 0.81). Participants receiving the diet and exercise explanation had greater dislike of ‘fat people’ than those in the FAM explanation and control group (p values < 0.05), with no difference between the FAM and control groups (p > 0.05). The FAM explanation for weight control and obesity did not increase weight stigma and resulted in lower stigma than the diet and exercise explanation that attributes obesity to personal control. The results highlight the importance of health messaging about the causes of obesity and the need for communications that do not exacerbate weight stigma.

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