scholarly journals Metal Speciation in Sludges: a Tool to Evaluate Risks of Land Application and to Track Heavy Metals Contamination in Sewage Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Cherfouh ◽  
Yves Lucas ◽  
Arezki Derridj ◽  
Patricia Merdy
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Agronomic Quality

Abstract Agricultural spreading of dewatered sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants is economically profitable but care must be taken to ensure that there is neither degradation of the agronomic quality of the soils nor contamination of them in the long term, particularly by accumulation of heavy metals. To evaluate the variability of the sludge in a given geographical area, we studied the sludge coming from five treatment plants in northern Algeria. We determined parameters that account for the agronomic quality of sludges and total content of Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Ti and Zn. We evaluated the bioavailability of theses metals by determining their speciation by sequential extraction, each metal being distributed among five fractions: easily exchangeable, acido-soluble, bound to carbonates and partly to Fe-sulphides, bound to Fe- and Mn-oxides, bound to organic matter or sulphides, contained in poorly soluble minerals. We found that all the analysed sludges had satisfactory properties from an agronomic quality point of view. High total Ni content indicated that three sludges were not spreadable under French or Chinese regulations. Metal speciation, however, showed that Ni was contained in very poorly bioavailable fractions, and therefore presented a low risk in the soils concerned. In contrast, the total Cu was below the regulatory limit values, but contained in very bioavailable fractions with a risk of toxic effects by accumulation over less than 10 years. These results showed that regulations must take into account the bioavailability with regard to the characteristics of the soils on which sludge will be spread. Metal speciation in the sludge also made it possible to identify the zone of the sewerage network on which the sources of contamination must be sought and gave indications on the nature of these sources.

scholarly journals Seasonal content of heavy metals in the "soil–feed–milk–manure" system in horse husbandry in Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 2947-2956
Author(s):  
Nazym Kozhanova ◽  
Nurzhan Sarsembayeva ◽  
Bozena Lozowicka ◽  
Zhassulan Kozhanov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Mixed Feed ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Horse Manure ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Living Organisms

Background and Aim: The quality of food, especially animal-based food, is crucial for human health. However, the quality of milk and other animal products has become an acute cause for concern in Kazakhstan . Technogenic dispersion of heavy metals (HMs) causes adverse effects on living organisms and creates unfavorable conditions for the existence of humans, animals, and plants. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of several HMs in samples of soil, horse feed (hay, mixed feed, and bran), mare's milk, and manure to assess bioaccumulation and possible adverse effects on the bodies of horses. An additional purpose was to identify areas with acceptable conditions for obtaining environmentally safe horse breeding products in the agricultural zones of the Almaty region, Kazakhstan. Materials and Methods: Samples were obtained from two farms in the Almaty region in 2020 (spring, summer, and autumn). In total, 72 soil samples were analyzed, which were taken from the upper humus horizon to the depth of the arable layer. Eighty-six samples were taken from the feed of horses. Green feed was represented by perennial and annual grasses (alsike clover, Medicago sativa, sweet yellow clover, as well as pea and oat mix). Barley and wheat bran stored in the warehouses of the farm were sampled for the research as feed supplements. The mixed feed comprised components such as maize and sunflower. In addition, 46 samples of mare's milk and 28 samples of horse manure were collected. The HM analysis was performed in the laboratory of the Kazakh-Japanese Innovation Center. The residual amounts of HMs were determined using an absorption spectrometer with a voltammetric analyzer. The content of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and arsenic (As) in all the studied samples of soil, feed, mare's milk, and manure did not exceed the threshold limit values (TLVs), suggesting that the intake of these toxic elements into the human body with food was low. Results: The average Cd concentration was in the range of 0.29-0.31 mg/kg in soil samples and in the range of 0.20-0.27 mg/kg in feed samples. In milk, the Cd concentration varied from 0.01 to 0.02 mg/L and was lower in summer and higher in fall. The total average Cd content in horse manure was 0.1844 mg/kg. The concentration of Pb in soil samples ranged from 1.09 to 1.30 mg/kg with the lowest value in spring and the highest in fall. In the feed, the concentration of Pb varied from 0.14 to 0.76 mg/kg and in milk from 0.03 to 0.15 mg/L. The average concentrations of Hg and As in soil samples averaged 0.022 and 0.019 mg/kg, respectively, and were within the TLVs. Conclusion: In the study areas, the calculated transition rates in the soil–feed–milk–manure system revealed that the greatest transition of HMs was observed for Pb and Cd, and a smaller migration was observed for Hg and As. The tendency of accumulation of trace elements continued in the feed.

Heavy Metals Speciation of Size-fractionated Sediments Collected from Combined Sewer System Using Sequential Extraction Method

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kojima ◽  
I. Kasuga ◽  
F. Kurisu ◽  
H. Furumai
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sequential Extraction ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Sequential Extraction Method ◽  
The Impact

Sediments deposited in sewer pipes have been concerned as one of the main pollution loads from combined sewer overflow (CSO). Since the toxicity, mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals depend on their speciation, it is necessary to consider not only their amounts but also their speciation to evaluate the adverse effects on aquatic organisms in receiving waters. Sequential extraction method was applied to the size-fractionated sediments to evaluate heavy metal speciation. Although the speciation of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb differed among sampling points as well as their contents, the content of easily exchangeable fraction was strongly correlated with total content for all the metals except for Cu. The result of heavy metals speciation revealed that Ni, Zn and Pb in combined sewer sediments could have high mobility potential. The result of size-fractionated sediments indicated that the contents and mobility potential of the heavy metals were larger as particle size was finer. Thus, it is important to control fine sediments in combined sewer to reduce the impact of CSO pollution.

Regulating Specific Organic Substances and Heavy Metals in Industrial Wastewater Discharged to Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
H. Grüttner ◽  
L. Munk ◽  
F. Pedersen ◽  
J. Tørsløv
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Limit Values

Due to the extension of wastewater treatment plants to nutrient removal and the development towards reuse of sludge in agriculture, new guidelines for regulating industrial discharges in Denmark were needed. The paper describes how a concept for regulating the discharge of specific organic substances and heavy metals has been developed during the past two years. The concept is based on guidelines that are made according to considerations of the environment and the treatment plant system, and that encourage the introduction of a cleaner technology and integrated preventive measures. For most organic substances, present knowledge of fate and effects in biological treatment plants is too scarce to underpin the setting of general standards. Therefore, it has been decided to base the developed priority system on the data used in the EEC-system for classification of hazardous chemicals. This includes ready degradability, defined by the OECD-test, bio-sorption and bio-accumulation, defined by the octanol/water distribution coefficient and toxic effects on water organisms. Several potential effects of seven heavy metals have been evaluated, and the most critical effects were found to be the quality criteria for sludge intended for use in agriculture, and the quality criteria for the aquatic environment. Proposals for general guidelines have been calculated using a simple mass balance model combined with water quality criteria and the Danish limit values for use of sludge in agriculture.

Sludge of wastewater treatment plants as Co2+ ions sorbent

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Frišták ◽  
Martin Pipiška ◽  
Miroslav Horník ◽  
Jozef Augustín ◽  
Juraj Lesný
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model

AbstractSludges produced in huge amounts by wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) display high fertility properties; however, the presence of heavy metals restricts their use for agricultural purposes. Sorption capacity of sludge is generally much higher and it can also be considered as a cheap sorbent of heavy metals. The paper describes cobalt sorption by dried activated sludge (DAS) obtained from the aerobic phase of a WWTP. DAS was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) analysis. Sorption capacity of DAS (Q eq) increased with the initial concentration (C 0) of Co2+ (CoCl2) within the range from 100 μmol g−1 to 4000 μmol g−1, reaching 15 μmol g−1 and 200 μmol g−1, respectively. The maximum uptake capacity (Q max) at pH 6.0 calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model was (256 ± 9) μmol g−1 for Co2+ ions. Obtained Q values were dependent on pH within the range from 3.0 to 7.0. Competitive effect of other bivalent cations such as Ni2+ in Co2+ sorption equilibrium was confirmed; which is in agreement with the hypothesis of the decisive role of ion-exchange mechanism in metal sorption. The obtained data are discussed from the point of view of potential utilization of sludges as sorbents, i.e. in non-agricultural application.

scholarly journals Safety of Potato Consumption in Slovak Region Contaminated by Heavy Metals due to Previous Mining Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette Musilova ◽  
Judita Bystricka ◽  
Alena Vollmannova ◽  
Beata Janotova ◽  
Matyas Orsak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Tolerable Weekly Intake

Heavy metals are among the most serious environmental contaminants in mining districts. Soil, as one of the main components of the environment, is the place of heavy metal entry into plants and consequently into the food chain, too. Potatoes grown in the region of Middle Spis (Slovakia) may be a source of increased content of heavy metals and pose a health risk to the consumer. The contents of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Ni) in potato and soil samples were determined using the AAS method and compared with limit values set by the Slovak Republic and the European Union. The content of heavy metals was determined in 12 potato cultivars with different length of vegetation period (mid-early, very early, and early, resp.), which were grown in three localities with a highly disturbed environment. Total contents and mobile forms of heavy metals as well as physical and chemical properties were determined in soil samples which were collected from the same sampling sites. Only Pb content in potato tubers was higher than the hygienic limit value (0.1 mg kg−1 FM) in 15 sampling sites (interval was n.d. –0.2298 mg kg−1 FM). The contents of exchangeable forms (total content) of heavy metals in soil were ranged between the intervals: Cd 0.004–0.055 (0.94–1 56), Pb 0.023–0.295 (17.00–26.80), and Ni 0.019–0.475 (30.80–71.00) mg kg−1. At current average consumption levels of potatoes, tolerable weekly intake (TWI) or tolerable daily intake (TDI) for observed heavy metals was not exceeded.

Pollutant monitoring in sludge treatment wetlands

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1558-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Peruzzi ◽  
G. Masciandaro ◽  
C. Macci ◽  
S. Doni ◽  
B. Ceccanti
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sludge Stabilization ◽  
Organic Matter Stabilization ◽  
Urban Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Toxic Organic Compounds

Phragmites australis for sludge dewatering and stabilization processes have been widely proved. The presence of reeds, indeed, efficiently allows solids dewatering and organic matter stabilization in order to obtain a stabilised product that can be suitable for land application, even if its environmental impact has to be considered. The actual revision of the European Union's Working Document on Sludge (2000), in fact, seems to be addressed to detect two principal categories of pollutants in sludge for agricultural use: heavy metals and toxic organic compounds. In this study are presented results about sludge stabilization and monitoring of heavy metal fractionation and organic compounds in four urban wastewater treatment plants managed by Acque S.p.A., (Tuscany, Italy). To evaluate the process of sludge stabilization parameters were determined that highlight the biochemical and chemico-structural properties of sludge organic matter. The results showed that stabilization of the sludge over time occurred as shown by the low content of water soluble carbon and dehydrogenase activity, and by the re-synthesis of humic-like matter highlighted by the pyrolytic indices of mineralization and humification. Results about fractionation showed that heavy metals were retained in fractions related to the stabilized organic matter. Moreover, toxic organic compounds showed a drastic reduction at the end of the monitoring period.

scholarly journals The influence of the vitiated air from the treatment plants on the urban and rural development

2020 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 04013
Author(s):  
Fanel-Viorel Panaitescu ◽  
Mariana Panaitescu ◽  
Nicolaie Ion
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Student Housing ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
The World ◽  
Operational Flow

In order to reduce the emissions produced by the operational flow of a wastewater treatment plant, regardless of whether they are located in urban or rural areas, the quality of air must be analyzed. For this reason, the Constanta Nord treatment plant was chosen as a study location. This is near the Mamaia resort and does not fall within the recommended sanitary protection norms, according to NP-032-1999 (at least 300 m from the last house). Therefore, it was necessary to take measures to reduce the repellent gases generated in the neighborhood of wastewater treatment plants. The solution is in attention of all wastewater treatment plants from the world because this depend on operational flux management and health of population.The research consists of: description of the technological flow of the treatment plant and in particular of the deodorizing installation of the contaminated air, choosing a work scenario for a day with 2 shifts per hour, respectively 6 shifts per hour, the air flow needed to treat the vitiated air (the deodorization plant components) and the efficiency of the regulation system from the point of view of energy consumption. Also, possible leakage of dangerous gases into the atmospheric air was monitored (H2S, Cl2, CO), taking into account the fact that in the immediate vicinity there is the Mamaia resort, the student housing and rural locations Palazu and Mamaia village.

scholarly journals Leaching Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Plant Nutrients in the Sewage Sludge Immobilized by Composite Phosphorus-Bearing Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihe Li ◽  
Baihui Fang ◽  
Dongfang Wang ◽  
Xianqing Wang ◽  
Xiaobing Man ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
First Order ◽  
Leaching Characteristics ◽  
Bearing Materials

In order to evaluate the environmental risk caused by land application of sewage sludge, leaching characteristics of heavy metals and plant nutrients in the sewage sludge immobilized by composite phosphorus-bearing materials were investigated. Their cumulative release characteristics were confirmed. Furthermore, the first-order kinetics equation, modified Elovich equation, double-constant equation, and parabolic equation were used to explore dynamic models of release. Results showed that sewage sludge addition significantly increased electricity conductivity (EC) in leachates, and the concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Zn) and plant nutrients (N, P, K) were also obviously increased. The highest concentrations of Cu, Cr, and Zn in the leachates were all below the limit values of the fourth level in the Chinese national standard for groundwater quality (GB/T14848-2017). The immobilization of composite phosphorus-bearing materials reduced the release of Cu and Cr, while increased that of Zn. The fitting results of modified Elovich model and double-constant model were in good agreement with the leaching process of heavy metals and plant nutrients, indicating their release process in soil under simulated leaching conditions was not a simple first-order reaction, but a complex heterogeneous diffusion process controlled by multifactor.

scholarly journals Intake of heavy metals in selected varieties of onion (Allium cepa l.) Grown in the different locations / Akumulacja metali ciężkich w wybranych odmianach cebuli (Allium cepa L.) uprawianych w różnych warunkach

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judita Bystrická ◽  
Janette Musilová ◽  
Ján Tomáš ◽  
Tomáš Tóth ◽  
Petra Kavalcová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Mobile Form ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Allium Cepa L

Abstract The environmental study, carried out in Slovak Republic, was aimed at the assessment of quality of onion based on the contents of selected heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb and Cd) as well as the possible correlations among heavy metals in soil and onions (Allium cepa L.). Gained results showed that in some monitored localities the measured values were exceeded in comparison with limit values given by the Law No. 220/2004 (valid in the Slovak Republic) as well as threshold values proposed by European Commission (2006). In our paper, the values of total cadmium content were in the range from 1.15 to 1.34 mg∙kg-1 and the content of mobile form of lead was in the range from 0.19 to 1.09 mg∙kg-1. The lead content in all samples (except cv. Red matte grown in locality Klasov) of the onions was also exceeded and the values ranged from 0.05 to 0.21 mg∙kg-1. Among the varieties statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the intake of heavy metals were found (Multifactorial analysis of variance, LSD-test contrast P < 0.05) was used to process gained data

scholarly journals Determination of Anthracene Derivatives in the Antihaemorrhoidal Medicinal Herb Mixture Proctophytol® Using the European Pharmacopoeia Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
N. P. Antonova ◽  
I. M. Morgunov ◽  
S. P. Prokhvatilova ◽  
E. P. Shefer ◽  
A. M. Kalinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Content ◽  
Medicinal Herb ◽  
European Pharmacopoeia ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Extraction Solvent ◽  
Reliable Assessment ◽  
Anthracene Derivatives ◽  
Active Substances

Specialists in pharmacognosy are facing an important task of improving quality control methods for combination herbal medicinal products in order to enable reliable assessment of the content of active substances that are responsible for the drug’s pharmacological effect.The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of using the European Pharmacopoeia method to determine the total content of anthracene derivatives in the antihaemorrhoidal medicinal herb mixture Proctophytol® and to propose limit values for the total content of anthracene derivatives.Materials and methods: individual mixture components containing anthracene derivatives, such as senna leaves and frangula bark, as well as model mixtures containing these individual components in a 1:1 ratio, and a model mixture imitating Proctophytol® were used in the study. The determination of the anthracene derivatives content was carried out using spectrophotometry.Results: it was demonstrated that the European Pharmacopoeia method could be used to assess the quality of Proctophytol® in terms of anthracene derivatives total content. The spectrophotometric method described in the European Pharmacopoeia has advantages over the methods described in manufacturer specifications for Russian products, because it allows for thorough extraction of the active substances and is standardized for anthracene derivatives.Conclusions: the European Pharmacopoeia method was adjusted to determine anthracene derivatives in the medicinal herb mixture Proctophytol®. It was proposed to use 70% ethanol instead of 70% methanol as extraction solvent. The authors identified optimum sample weights and test solution dilutions, and calculated and verified the limit for anthracene derivatives content—“Not less than 1.9%”. The adjusted method can be recommended for inclusion in the monographs of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation for medicinal herb mixtures similar to Proctophytol®.

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