Production of Transgenic Allium Cepa By Nanoparticles To Resist Aspergillus Niger Infection

Abstract Transgenic plants are becoming a more powerful tool in modern biotechnology. Genetic engineering was used in biotech-derived products to create genetically modified (GM) plants. Plant bioreactor systems have proven to be extremely effective in the production of disease resistance plants. The onion (Allium cepa, L.) is a common, important perennial vegetable crop grown in Egypt for food and economic value. Onions are susceptible to a variety of fungal infections and diseases. Aspergillus niger is a common onion phytopathogen that causes diseases such as black mould (or black rot), which is a major issue, particularly when exporting onions. A.niger grows between the bulb's outer (dead, flaky) skin and the first fleshy scales, which become water-soaked. Thionin genes produce thionin proteins, which have antimicrobial properties against a variety of phytopathogens, including A. niger. Chitosan nanoparticles act as a carrier for the thionin gene, which allows A. cepa to resist infection by A. niger. Transgenic A. cepa has a high level of resistance to fungal infection. Transgenic A. cepa had a 27 % weight inhibition compared to non-transgenic one, which had a 69 % inhibition. The expressed thionin protein has a 52 % inhibitory effect on A. niger spore germination. All of these findings supported thionin protein's antifungal activity as an antimicrobial peptide. Furthermore, the data presented here demonstrated the efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles in gene transformation. The present study describes the benefits of producing transgenic onion resistance to black rot diseases.

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Antifungal Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles and Correlation with Their Physical Properties

International Journal of Biomaterials ◽

10.1155/2012/632698 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 120

Author(s):

Ling Yien Ing ◽

Noraziah Mohamad Zin ◽

Atif Sarwar ◽

Haliza Katas

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Fusarium Solani ◽

Natural Compound ◽

Parent Compound ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Synthetic Chemicals

The need of natural antimicrobials is paramount to avoid harmful synthetic chemicals. The study aimed to determine the antifungal activity of natural compound chitosan and its nanoparticles forms againstCandida albicans, Fusarium solani and Aspergillus niger. Chitosan nanoparticles were prepared from low (LMW), high molecular weight (HMW) chitosan and its derivative, trimethyl chitosan (TMC). Particle size was increased when chitosan/TMC concentration was increased from 1 to 3 mg/mL. Their zeta potential ranged from +22 to +55 mV. Chitosan nanoparticles prepared from different concentrations of LMW and HMW were also found to serve a better inhibitory activity againstC.albicans(MICLMW=0.25–0.86 mg/mL andMICHMW=0.6–1.0 mg/mL) andF. solani(MICLMW=0.86–1.2 mg/mL andMICHMW=0.5–1.2 mg/mL) compared to the solution form (MIC=3 mg/mL for both MWs and species). This inhibitory effect was also influenced by particle size and zeta potential of chitosan nanoparticles. Besides,Aspergillus nigerwas found to be resistant to chitosan nanoparticles except for nanoparticles prepared from higher concentrations of HMW. Antifungal activity of nanoparticles prepared from TMC was negligible. The parent compound therefore could be formulated and applied as a natural antifungal agent into nanoparticles form to enhance its antifungal activity.

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A Review on Quantum Dots: Synthesis to In- silico Analysis as Next Generation Antibacterial Agents

Current Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1389450119666180731142423 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 255-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sounik Manna ◽

Munmun Ghosh ◽

Ranadhir Chakraborty ◽

Sudipto Ghosh ◽

Santi M. Mandal

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Binding Potential ◽

Antibacterial Drug ◽

Next Generation ◽

Mechanism Of Reaction ◽

High Level ◽

Membrane Components

Succumbing to Multi-Drug Resistant (MDR) bacteria is a great distress to the recent health care system. Out of the several attempts that have been made to kill MDR pathogens, a few gained short-lived success. The failures, of the discovered or innovated antimicrobials, were mostly due to their high level of toxicity to hosts and the phenomenal rate of developing resistance by the pathogens against the new arsenal. Recently, a few quantum dots were tested against the pathogenic bacteria and therefore, justified for potential stockpiling of next-generation antibacterial agents. The key players for antimicrobial properties of quantum dots are considered to be Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The mechanism of reaction between bacteria and quantum dots needs to be better understood. They are generally targeted towards the cell wall and membrane components as lipoteichoic acid and phosphatidyl glycerol of bacteria have been documented here. In this paper, we have attempted to simulate ZnS quantum dots and have analysed their mechanism of reaction as well as binding potential to the above bacterial membrane components using CDOCKER. Results have shown a high level of antibacterial activity towards several pathogenic bacteria which specify their potentiality for future generation antibacterial drug development.

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Synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of some 4-((thiophen-2-yl-methylene)amino)benzenesulfonamide metal complexes

Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences ◽

10.1186/s43088-021-00113-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Vijaya Sekhar ◽

Subhas S. Karki ◽

Javarappa Rangaswamy ◽

Mahesh Bhat ◽

Sujeet Kumar

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Schiff Base ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Metal Complexes ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Azomethine Nitrogen ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Sulfa Drugs ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Penicillium Rubrum

Abstract Background Sulfonamides (sulfa drugs) and the metals like mercury, copper, and silver bear antimicrobial properties. The discovery of broad-spectrum antibiotics such as penicillins, cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones has reduced their use. However, in some instances these drugs are the first-line treatment. The metal-based sulfonamide (e.g., silver sulfadiazine) is considered as first choice treatment in post-burn therapy while the use of silver nanoparticle-cephalexin conjugate to cure Escherichia coli infection explains the synergistic effect of sulfa drugs and their metal conjugates. With growing interest in metal-based sulfonamides and the Schiff base chemistry, it was decided to synthesize sulfonamide Schiff base metal complexes as antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. Results The Fe (III), Ru (III), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Pd (II), Zn (II), Cd (II), and Hg (II) metal complexes of 4-((thiophen-2-ylmethylene)-amino)-benzenesulfonamide (TMABS) were prepared and studied for thermal stability, geometry, and other electronic properties. The ligand TMABS (Schiff base) and its metal complexes were screened in-vitro for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive (+ve) Bacillus subtilis (MTCC-441), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 7443), Gram-negative (-ve) Escherichia coli (MTCC 40), Salmonella typhi (MTCC 3231), and fungal strains Aspergillus niger (MTCC-1344) and Penicillium rubrum by agar well diffusion method. Results summarized in Tables 3, 4, and 5 represent the inhibitory concentration (IC50) in micromole (μM). The zone of inhibition (ZI) in millimeter (mm) represents antimicrobial properties of TMABS and its metal complexes. Conclusions The synthesized sulfanilamide Schiff base (TMABS) behaved as a neutral and bidentate ligand coordinating with metal ions through its azomethine nitrogen and thiophene sulfur to give complexes with coordination number of 4 and 6 (Fig. 3). The nucleophilic addition of sulfanilamide amino group (–NH2) group to carbonyl carbon (>C=O) of benzaldehyde gave sulfanilamide Schiff base (imine) (Fig. 2). All the metal complexes were colored and stable at room temperature. With IC50 of 9.5 ± 0.1 and 10.0 ± 0.7 μM, the Co, Cu, and Pd complexes appeared better antioxidant than the ligand TMABS (155.3±0.1 μM). The zone of inhibition (ZI) of Hg (28 mm) and Ru complexes (20 mm) were similar to the ligand TMABS (20 mm) against Aspergillus niger (MTCC-1344) as in Figs. 4, 5, and 6. None of the synthesized derivatives had shown better antimicrobial properties than the standard streptomycin sulfate and fluconazole.

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Study of Mitotic Activity and Chromosomal Behaviour in Root Meristem of Allium cepa L. Treated with Magnesium Sulphate

Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology ◽

10.3126/eco.v15i0.1947 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 83-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Prabhakar Bhatta ◽

S. R. Sakya

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Mitotic Activity ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Biological System ◽

Magnesium Sulphate ◽

Root Meristem ◽

Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Chromosomal Behaviour

The mitotic activity and chromosomal behaviour was observed in four different concentrations of magnesium sulphate at four different duration of treatment using Allium cepa as a biological system. Mito-inhibitory effect of the compound was observed in higher concentration. The compound was capable of producing various chromosomal abnormalities indicating the cytostatic and clastogenic properties of magnesium sulphate. Key words: Allium cepa, magnesium sulphate, mitotic index, phase indices.doi: 10.3126/eco.v15i0.1947 ECOPRINT 15: 83-88, 2008

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Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Endofit Pelarut Fosfat dan Penghasil Hidrogen Cyanide (HCN) dari Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L).

Bioma Berkala Ilmiah Biologi ◽

10.14710/bioma.20.1.9-16 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Ryan Hilda Wandita ◽

Sri Pujiyanto ◽

Agung Suprihadi ◽

Ratih Dewi Hastuti

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Allium Cepa ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Economic Value ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Allium Cepa L ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

Onions (Allium cepa L.) is one of the leading horticultural commodities in Indonesia and is often used as seasoning and traditional medicine. Onion has a high economic value and fluctuating prices so that domestic onion production needs to be improved, one of them with a presence of endophytic bacteria that act as plant growth promoting agent or Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB). Endophytic bacteria isolated from the root, leaves, and bulbs. In this research has been tested endophytic bacteria of onion plants from Garut regency which has PGPB factors such as able to dissolve phosphate, and produce HCN. The results obtained 251 isolates of endophytic bacteria. Based on the characterization results, the superior isolates capable of dissolving phosphate with an average diameter of 0.45 cm is isolate II.B.1D.3, and 11 isolates capable of producing high HCN. These isolates can be used as PGPB agents so that they can be useful in increasing plant growth and onion production and biocontrol in suppressing pathogens. Keywords: PGPB, endophyte, onion, phosphate, HCN

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Conformational Changes in Wheat Gluten After using Ag-nanoparticles

International Agrophysics ◽

10.2478/intag-2014-0021 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 311-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agnieszka Nawrocka

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Secondary Structure ◽

Conformational Changes ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Wheat Gluten ◽

Control Sample ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Protective Layer ◽

Trisodium Citrate

Abstract Silver nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties since they can be regarded as an efficient protector against pathogenic microorganisms. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to examine conformational changes in the secondary structure of wheat gluten washed out from grain treated with an aqueous solution of silver nanoparticles stabilized by tri-sodium citrate. Silver nanoparticles were used as a protective layer on the grain surface against bacterial and fungal infections (antimicrobial agent). Analysis of the amide I band revealed significant changes in the secondary structure after using silver nanoparticles. An increase in the β-sheet content (from 36.2 to 39.2%) was observed at the expense of the α-helix and β-turn content. To find factors causing these changes, the wheat grains were treated by an aqueous solution of trisodium citrate and water. The results obtained indicate that the changes in the gluten structure were connected mainly with the trisodium citrate action due to presence of a small number of free molecules of the stabilizer in the solution of silver nanoparticles. Additionally, the conformational changes in gluten pointed out that gluten flexibility increased (decrease in the αH/βS ratio from 1.40 for the control sample to 1.26 for the silver nanoparticle-treated samples) as well as the solubility of gluten decreased (decrease in the β-turn content from 13.1 to 11.4%).

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Enhancing or Inhibitory Effect of Fruit or Vegetable Bioactive Compound on Aspergillus niger and A. oryzae

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof8010012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 12

Author(s):

Gülru Bulkan ◽

Sitaresmi Sitaresmi ◽

Gerarda Tania Yudhanti ◽

Ria Millati ◽

Rachma Wikandari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Ellagic Acid ◽

Microbial Growth ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Processing Wastes

Fruit and vegetable processing wastes are global challenges but also suitable sources with a variety of nutrients for different fermentative products using bacteria, yeast or fungi. The interaction of microorganisms with bioactive compounds in fruit waste can have inhibitory or enhancing effect on microbial growth. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of 10 bioactive compounds, including octanol, ellagic acid, (−)-epicatechin, quercetin, betanin, ascorbic acid, limonene, hexanal, car-3-ene, and myrcene in the range of 0–240 mg/L on filamentous fungi Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus niger were investigated. These fungi were both found to be resistant to all compounds except octanol, which can be used as a natural antifungal agent, specifically against A. oryzae and A. niger contamination. On the contrary, polyphenols (quercetin and ellagic acid), ascorbic acid, and hexanal enhanced A. niger biomass yield 28%, 7.8%, 16%, and 6%, respectively. Furthermore, 240 mg/L car-3-ene was found to increase A. oryzae biomass yield 8%, while a 9% decrease was observed at lower concentration, 24 mg/L. Similarly, up to 17% decrease of biomass yield was observed from betanin and myrcene. The resistant nature of the fungi against FPW bioactive compounds shows the potential of these fungi for further application in waste valorization.

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The Carpathian lingonberry, raspberry and blackberry fruit extracts feature variable antimicrobial efficiency

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/1/2365 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 27-32

Author(s):

Emőke Mihok ◽

Éva György ◽

Endre Máthé

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Antimicrobial Effects ◽

Fruit Extracts ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Wild Berries

Wild berry is an excellent source of phytonutrients and/or bioactive compounds associated with significant therapeutic properties, so that they have been utilized in folk medicine and traditional nutrition throughout centuries. Multiple health-promoting effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-heart and coronary disease properties were attributed to such wild berries. It has also been proved that berries could feature antimicrobial effects that could be of a great importance for the prevention of food-feed poisoning and fighting back antibiotic resistance. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial properties of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea), raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) crude and ethanolic extracts prepared from fruits obtained from the spontaneous flora of Eastern Carpathian Mountains situated in Transylvania. The antimicrobial effect of crude and alcoholic extracts were assessed on four Gram-negative, five Gram-positive bacteria and one yeast species using the agar diffusion method. The studied bacteria can cause food or feed spoilage and foodborne diseases. Our results indicate the significant inhibitory effect of lingonberry extracts in the case of Gram-negative bacteria like Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella Hartford, while among Gram-positive bacteria the strongest inhibitory effect was observed for Bacillus species like B. cereus, B. subtilis, B. mojavensis and Micrococcus luteus. The raspberry and blackberry extracts featured milder inhibitory effects in the case of the studied bacteria species. Furthermore, we have studied the crude or ethanolic extract combinations associated antimicrobial effects synergistic/additive or antagonistic properties. Interestingly, the triple and double ethanolic extract mixes had stronger antimicrobial properties, whereas the crude extract mixes showed relatively reduced effects, if any. Our results indicate that the antimicrobial activity of studied fruit extracts obtained from wild berries can vary upon the applied extraction method and their combination formulae, so that all these considerations must be taken into account when such fruit extracts are considered for foodstuff development.

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared by thermal decomposition of zinc benzenepolycarboxylato precursors: Photoluminescent, photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc200629048r ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 85 (11) ◽

pp. 1475-1488

Author(s):

Lidija Radovanovic ◽

Jelena Zdravkovic ◽

Bojana Simovic ◽

Zeljko Radovanovic ◽

Katarina Mihajlovski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Decomposition ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Average Crystallite Size ◽

Hexagonal Wurtzite Structure ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Reactive Orange 16 ◽

Air Atmosphere

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were obtained by thermal decomposition of one-dimensional zinc?benzenepolycarboxylato complexes as single- -source precursors at 450 ?C in an air atmosphere. The mechanism and kinetics of thermal degradation of zinc?benzenepolycarboxylato complexes were analyzed under non-isothermal conditions in an air atmosphere. The results of X-ray powder diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO with an average crystallite size in the range of 39?47 nm and similar morphology. The band gap and the specific surface area of ZnO nanoparticles were determined using UV?Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller method, respectively. The photoluminescent, photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties of the ZnO nanoparticles were also examined. The best photocatalytic activity in the degradation of C. I. Reactive Orange 16 dye was observed for the ZnO powder where the crystallites form the smallest agglomerates. All ZnO nanoparticles showed excellent inhibitory effect against Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli.

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