scholarly journals Dynamic Analysis of Serum MMP-7 and Its Relationship with Disease Progression in Biliary Atresia: A Multicenter Prospective Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuiqing Chi ◽  
Peipei Xu ◽  
Pu Yu ◽  
Guoqing Cao ◽  
Haibin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 7

Abstract PurposeWe aimed to assess the dynamic changing trend of serum matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in BA patients from diagnosis to LTx to further elucidate its clinical value in diagnosis and prognoses and its relationship with disease progression.MethodsIn this multicentre prospective study, a total of 440 cholestasis patients (direct bilirubin level of > 17 μmol/L) were enrolled. Serum and stool MMP-7 levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at different time points and analysed. The polymorphism of MMP-7 was assessed to explore the possible reasons for the low value in BA patients.Results:In neonate biliary atresia patients, using a cut-off value of > 26.73 ng/ml, serum MMP-7 had a AUC of 0.954. A genetic mutation (G137D) and rapid degradation of MMP-7 in serum samples could cause low MMP-7 levels in serum of BA patients. Four dynamic patterns of serum MMP-7 post-KPE were associated with prognosis. A high concentration of MMP-7 in the stool is linked to a decreased serum MMP-7 concentration. MMP-7 showed a mediation effect on the association between inflammation and liver fibrosis in BA patients. Serum MMP-7 was the only significant predictor at six weeks post-KPE and the most accurate predictor at three months post-KPE of survival with the native liver (SNL) in two years.Conclusion:As one of the critical factors associated with BA occurrence and progression, serum MMP-7 can be used for early diagnosis of BA and post-KPE MMP-7 level is the earliest prognostic biomarker so far.

scholarly journals Prognostic and Pathophysiologic Significance of IL-8 (CXCL8) in Biliary Atresia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2705
Author(s):  
Nimish Godbole ◽  
Iiris Nyholm ◽  
Maria Hukkinen ◽  
Joseph R Davidson ◽  
Athanasios Tyraskis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Biliary Atresia ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Ductular Reaction ◽  
Liver Fibrogenesis ◽  
Normal Controls

Interleukin (IL)-8 (CXCL8), a chemokine involved in neutrophil recruitment, has been implicated in ductular reaction and liver fibrogenesis. We studied liver and serum IL-8 expression in a large biliary atresia (BA) cohort and explored its prognostic and pathophysiological potential. IL-8 expression was assessed in liver utilizing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization and in serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, among 115 BA patients, 10 disease controls and 68 normal controls. Results were correlated to portoenterostomy (PE) outcomes, biochemical and histological liver injury, transcriptional markers of fibrosis and cholangiocytes, and expression of other related cytokines. IL-8 was markedly overexpressed in liver and serum of BA patients at PE (n = 88) and in serum samples obtained during postoperative follow-up (n = 40). IL-8 expression in the liver was predominantly in cholangiocytes within areas of ductular reaction. Liver IL-8 mRNA expression correlated positively with its serum concentration, bile ductular proliferation, Metavir fibrosis stage, and transcriptional markers of activated myofibroblasts (ACTA2) and cholangiocytes (KRT19). Taken together, IL-8 may mediate liver injury in BA by promoting ductular reaction and associated liver fibrogenesis. Prognostic value of serum IL-8 to predict native liver survival was limited and confined to the postoperative period after PE.

Neurofilament Subunit L Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum of Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Ying Gong ◽  
Gao-Peng Lv ◽  
Li-Na Gao ◽  
Yi Lu ◽  
Jie Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Progression Rate ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
High Level ◽  
Als Patients ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Background: There are no reliable biomarkers that could evaluate the disease burden in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Objectives: The aim of our study is to evaluate the changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum neurofilament subunit L (NF-L) in patients with ALS and to analyze the correlations between the levels of NF-L and clinical parameters. Method: CSF and serum samples were obtained from 80 ALS patients and 40 controls. The levels of NF-L in CSF and serum were assessed, and disease progression parameters including duration, revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-r) score, disease progression rate (DPR), upper motor neuron (UMN) score, and survival were analyzed by registered neurologists. All samples were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses were performed using Prism software. Results: Compared to the controls, the ALS patients displayed significantly increased levels of NF-L; these values were negatively correlated with the ALSFRS-r score and positively correlated with the decrease in ALSFRS-r score, DPR, and UMN score. There was no correlation between levels of NF-L and duration. In addition, the cumulative survival rate in ALS patients with a low level of NF-L was higher than in patients with a high level of NF-L. Conclusions: NF-L levels increased in CSF and serum of patients with ALS. NF-L may thus be a neurodegenerative biomarker for predicting ALS severity and progression, and the survival of patients with this disease.

TBE in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Specific Immunoglobulin ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus ◽  
First Time

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) was isolated for the first time in Sweden in 1958 (from ticks and from 1 tick-borne encephalitis [TBE] patient).1 In 2003, Haglund and colleagues reported the isolation and antigenic and genetic characterization of 14 TBEV strains from Swedish patients (samples collected 1991–1994).2 The first serum sample, from which TBEV was isolated, was obtained 2–10 days after onset of disease and found to be negative for anti-TBEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whereas TBEV-specific IgM (and TBEV-specific immunoglobulin G/cerebrospinal fluid [IgG/CSF] activity) was demonstrated in later serum samples taken during the second phase of the disease.

scholarly journals Pestivirus infections in cervids from the Czech Republic

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
K. Sedlak ◽  
T. Girma ◽  
J. Holejsovsky
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Border Disease

372 sera of cervids from the Czech Republic were examined for antibodies to the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and border disease virus (BDV) by competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and for the presence of the BVDV by AgELISA. Antibodies to BVDV/BDV were found in 0.6% (two positive/305 tested) red deer (<I>Cervus elaphus</I>). BVDV/BDV antibodies were not found in four sika deer (<I>Cervus Nippon</I>) and 63 fallow deer (<I>Dama dama</I>). All serum samples were BVDV antigen negative. Our results confirmed that red deer in the Czech Republic are only rarely infected with Pestiviruses. This was the first survey of pestiviruses in farmed and wild cervids in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Detection of Nipah virus in Pteropus medius in 2019 outbreak from Ernakulam district, Kerala, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Sudeep ◽  
Pragya D. Yadav ◽  
Mangesh D. Gokhale ◽  
R. Balasubramanian ◽  
Nivedita Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Index Case ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Distinct Cluster ◽  
New Genotype ◽  
Kerala State ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Background In June 2019, Nipah virus (NiV) infection was detected in a 21-year-old male (index case) of Ernakulum, Kerala, India. This study was undertaken to determine if NiV was in circulation in Pteropus species (spp) in those areas where the index case had visit history in 1 month. Methods Specialized techniques were used to trap the Pteropus medius bats (random sampling) in the vicinity of the index case area. Throat and rectal swabs samples of 141 bats along with visceral organs of 92 bats were collected to detect the presence of NiV by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR). Serum samples of 52 bats were tested for anti-NiV Immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The complete genome of NiV was sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) from the tissues and swab samples of bats. Results One rectal swab sample and three bats visceral organs were found positive for the NiV. Interestingly, 20.68% (12/58) of Pteropus were positive for anti-NiV IgG antibodies. NiV sequences of 18,172; 17,200 and 15,100 nucleotide bps could be retrieved from three Pteropus bats. Conclusion A distinct cluster of NiV sequences, with significant net-evolutionary nucleotide divergence, was obtained, suggesting the circulation of new genotype (I-India) in South India. NiV Positivity in Pteropus spp. of bats revealed that NiV is circulating in many districts of Kerala state, and active surveillance of NiV should be immediately set up to know the hotspot area for NiV infection.

scholarly journals Clinical Significance of Annexin A2 Expression in Breast Cancer Patients

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Lee D. Gibbs ◽  
Kelsey Mansheim ◽  
Sayantan Maji ◽  
Rajesh Nandy ◽  
Cheryl M. Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
Tumor Tissues

Increasing evidence suggests that AnxA2 contributes to invasion and metastasis of breast cancer. However, the clinical significance of AnxA2 expression in breast cancer has not been reported. The expression of AnxA2 in cell lines, tumor tissues, and serum samples of breast cancer patients were analyzed by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. We found that AnxA2 was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues and serum samples of breast cancer patients compared with normal controls. The high expression of serum AnxA2 was significantly associated with tumor grades and poor survival of the breast cancer patients. Based on molecular subtypes, AnxA2 expression was significantly elevated in tumor tissues and serum samples of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients compared with other breast cancer subtypes. Our analyses on breast cancer cell lines demonstrated that secretion of AnxA2 is associated with its tyrosine 23 (Tyr23) phosphorylation in cells. The expression of non-phosphomimetic mutant of AnxA2 in HCC1395 cells inhibits its secretion from cells compared to wild-type AnxA2, which further suggest that Tyr23 phosphorylation is a critical step for AnxA2 secretion from TNBC cells. Our analysis of AnxA2 phosphorylation in clinical samples further confirmed that the phosphorylation of AnxA2 at Tyr23 was high in tumor tissues of TNBC patients compared to matched adjacent non-tumorigenic breast tissues. Furthermore, we observed that the diagnostic value of serum AnxA2 was significantly high in TNBC compared with other breast cancer subtypes. These findings suggest that serum AnxA2 concentration could be a potential diagnostic biomarker for TNBC patients.

scholarly journals Antibody in Middle Ear Fluid of Children Originates Predominantly from Sera and Nasopharyngeal Secretions

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1593-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Kaur ◽  
Thomas Kim ◽  
Janet R. Casey ◽  
Michael E. Pichichero
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Two Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
Entire Array

ABSTRACTThe human middle ear is devoid of any immunocompetent cells in normal mucosa. We sought to determine the source of antibody present in the middle ear of children. Total IgG, IgA, and secretory IgA antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from the nasopharyngeal, middle ear, and serum samples of children with acute otitis media. The two-dimensional gel electrophoresis pattern of the entire array of IgA antibodies in the nasal wash (NW) and middle ear fluid (MEF) was compared from the MEF and NW samples using isoelectric focusing and Western blotting. The total IgG and IgA antibodies in the MEF and NW samples of 137 children were compared. The ratio of IgG to IgA in the MEF was significantly different (P< 0.008) compared to NW because IgA levels were higher and IgG levels lower in NW. The IgG/IgA ratio of MEF resembled serum consistent with transudation to the MEF. Small amounts of secretory IgA were detected in MEF but the electrophoresis patterns of the entire array of IgA antibodies in the MEF and NW were virtually identical in each child evaluated; thus, IgA in MEF derived predominantly from serum and the nasopharynx by reflux via the Eustachian tube. The IgG/IgA antibody levels in the MEF and the same composition of IgA antibody in the MEF and NW identifies the predominant source of antibody in the MEF as a transudate of serum combined with nasal secretions refluxed from the nasopharynx in children.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in domestic pigs raised from Cuba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio César Castillo-Cuenca ◽  
Álvaro Martínez-Moreno ◽  
José Manuel Diaz-Cao ◽  
Angel Entrena-García ◽  
Jorge Fraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractA cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in pigs in the largest pork-producing region in Cuba. Serum samples from 420 pigs, including 210 sows and 210 post-weaning pigs, were tested for antibodies against T. gondii using a commercial indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 56 animals (13.3%, 95% CI: 10.1–16.6). A generalized estimating equations model revealed that the risk factors associated with higher seropositivity in pigs were altitude (higher in farm’s location < 250 m above sea level (masl) versus ≥ 250 masl) and age (higher in sows compared to post-weaning pigs). The results indicated that this protozoan parasite is widely distributed on pig farms in the study area, which is a public health concern since the consumption of raw or undercooked pork meat products containing tissue cysts is considered one of the main routes of T. gondii transmission worldwide. Control measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of exposure to T. gondii in pigs in Cuba.

scholarly journals Dogs as Sentinels for Flavivirus Exposure in Urban, Peri-Urban and Rural Hanoi, Vietnam

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Long Pham-Thanh ◽  
Thang Nguyen-Tien ◽  
Ulf Magnusson ◽  
Vuong Bui-Nghia ◽  
Anh Bui-Ngoc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Household Level

Diseases caused by flaviviruses, including dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis, are major health problems in Vietnam. This cross-sectional study explored the feasibility of domestic dogs as sentinels to better understand risks of mosquito-borne diseases in Hanoi city. A total of 475 dogs serum samples from 221 households in six districts of Hanoi were analyzed by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for antibodies to the pr-E protein of West Nile virus and other flaviviruses due to cross-reactivity. The overall flavivirus seroprevalence in the dog population was 70.7% (95% CI = 66.4–74.8%). At the animal level, significant associations between seropositive dogs and district location, age, breed and keeping practice were determined. At the household level, the major risk factors were rural and peri-urban locations, presence of pigs, coil burning and households without mosquito-borne disease experience (p < 0.05). Mosquito control by using larvicides or electric traps could lower seropositivity, but other measures did not contribute to significant risk mitigation of flavivirus exposure in dogs. These results will support better control of mosquito-borne diseases in Hanoi, and they indicate that dogs can be used as sentinels for flavivirus exposure.

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