Nitrogen Nutrition of Spathiphyllum 'Sensation' Grown in Sphagnum Peat- and Coir-based Media with Two Irrigation Methods

Effects of nitrogen application on growth, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and chlorophyll content were studied in Spathiphyllum Schott 'Sensation' grown in sphagnum peat (SP)- and coir dust (CD)-based media with top-irrigation or subirrigation. Maximum shoot dry weight occurred at 8 mM N in plants grown in SP-based medium under top-irrigation and subirrigation, and in CD-based medium under subirrigation. For plants in CD-based medium under top-irrigation, maximum shoot dry weight was obtained at 16 mm N. In SP- or CD-based medium, shoot dry weight was greater at 4 and 8 mm N under subirrigation than under top-irrigation. Stomatal conductance and transpiration were reduced by nitrogen deficiency (0 N), greatly enhanced by 4 mm N, and decreased gradually at higher N levels. Chlorophyll content increased with increasing N concentration up to 8 mm. The percentage of maximum total dry weight increased quadratically as leaf N content increased from 1.5% to 3.5%. Nitrogen at 16 and 32 mm increased the number of leaves with marginal necrosis. Reduced growth and more leaves with marginal necrosis occurred in SP- or CD-based media with EC > 1.25 dS·m-1 in the middle and bottom layers.

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Growth of Two Tropical Foliage Plants Using Coir Dust as a Container Medium Amendment

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.5.3.237 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 237-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Alan W. Meerow

Keyword(s):

Growth Index ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Water Holding Capacity ◽

Organic Component ◽

High Quality ◽

Sphagnum Peat ◽

Foliage Plants ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Coir Dust ◽

Water Holding

Growth of Ravenea rivularis Jumelle and Perrier (majesty palm) and `Lady Jane' Anthurium Schott was compared in container media, using as a primary organic component sphagnum peat, sedge peat, or coir dust. Growth index and shoot and root dry weights of majesty palm were significantly higher in the coir than the sedge peat medium. Growth index and shoot dry weight were only marginally higher for the anthurium in the coir vs. sedge peat medium, and root dry weights were comparable. Both crops grew equally well in the coir and the sphagnum peat medium. The sedge peat medium had the most air porosity and the least water-holding capacity of the three media at the initiation of the trials, but at termination showed a reversal of these parameters. The coir medium showed the least change in these parameters over 8 months. High-quality coir dust appears to be an acceptable substitute for sphagnum or sedge peat in soilless container media.

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Reproducibility of suppression of Pythium wilt of cucumber by compost

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.41471 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 236-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mauritz Vilhelm Vestberg ◽

Sanna Kukkonen ◽

Päivi Parikka ◽

Dan Yu ◽

Martin Romantschuk

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Bacterial Diseases ◽

Sphagnum Peat ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Suppressive Capacity ◽

The Difference ◽

Set Up

There is increasing global interest in using compost to suppress soil-borne fungal and bacterial diseases and nematodes. We studied the reproducibility of compost suppressive capacity (SC) against Pythium wilt of cucumber using nine composts produced by the same composting plant in 2008 and 2009. A bioassay was set up in a greenhouse using cucumber inoculated with two strains of Pythium. The composts were used as 20% mixtures (v:v) of a basic steam-sterilized light Sphagnum peat and sand (3:1, v:v). Shoot height was measured weekly during the 5-week experiment. At harvest, the SC was calculated as the % difference in shoot dry weight (DW) between non-inoculated and inoculated cucumbers. The SC was not affected by year of production (2008 or 2009), indicating reproducibility of SC when the raw materials and the composting method are not changed. Differences in shoot height were not as pronounced as those for shoot DW. The results were encouraging, but further studies are still needed for producing compost with guaranteed suppressiveness properties.

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Growth of mango (Mangifera indica L.) rootstocks as influenced by pre-sowing treatments

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v9i1.1234 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 582-586

Author(s):

R. J. Patel ◽

T. R. Ahlawat ◽

A. I. Patel ◽

J. J. Amarcholi ◽

B. B. Patel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Root Length ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Survival Percentage ◽

Total Dry Weight

An experiment was carried out at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during 2014 to evaluate the effect of pre-sowing treatments on survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks. Mango stones were soaked in aqueous solutions of GA3 (100 and 200 ppm), Beejamruth (2 % and 3 %) and Thiourea (1 % and 2 %) for 12 and 24 hours. The trial was evaluated in Completely Randomized Design based on factorial concept and the treatments were replicated thrice. Imposition of treatments led to significant differences at 5 % level of significance for all parameters chosen in this study. Mango stones when treated with Thiourea at 1 % had the maximum shoot length (49.93 cm), root length (34.38 cm), shoot dry weight (21.08 g) and total dry weight (26.36 g). The highest number of lateral roots (10.90) and survival percentage (64.17) was observed in mango stones dipped in 100 ppm GA3. Between the two soaking duration, soaking mango stones for 24 hours recorded higher values for shoot length (45.03 cm), root length (32.79 cm), number of lateral roots (9.83), survival percentage (62.72), shoot root fresh weight ratio (4.30), shoot dry weight (21.33 g), total dry weight (26.28 g) and shoot root dry weight ratio (4.32). Thus, survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks can be substantially improved by soaking mango stones in aqueous solutions of 100 ppm GA3 or Thiourea at 1 % for 24 hours before sowing.

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Whole-plant Response of Six Poinsettia Cultivars to Three Fertilizer and Two Irrigation Regimes

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.121.1.69 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 121 (1) ◽

pp. 69-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ursula Schuch ◽

Richard A. Redak ◽

James Bethke

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Vegetative Development ◽

Chlorophyll Contents ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Leaf N

Six cultivars of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Wind.), `Angelika White', `Celebrate 2', `Freedom Red', `Lilo Red', `Red Sails', and `Supjibi Red' were grown for 9 weeks during vegetative development under three constant-feed fertilizer treatments, 80,160, or 240 mg N/liter and two irrigation regimes, well-watered (high irrigation) or water deficient (low irrigation). Plants fertilized with 80 or 240 mg N/liter were 10% to 18% shorter, while those fertilized with 160 mg N/liter were 25 % shorter with low versus high irrigation. Leaf area and leaf dry weight increased linearly in response to increasing fertilizer concentrations. Low irrigation reduced leaf area, leaf, stem, and shoot dry weight 3670 to 41%. Cultivars responded similarly to irrigation and fertilizer treatments in all components of shoot biomass production and no interactions between the main effects and cultivars occurred. Stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased with increasing fertilizer rates or sometimes with low irrigation. Highest chlorophyll contents occurred in leaves of `Lilo Red' and `Freedom Red'. Leaves of plants fertilized with 80 mg N/liter were deficient in leaf N and had 40 % to 49 % lower leaf chlorophyll content compared to plants fertilized with 160 or 240 mg N/liter. Irrigation had no effect on leaf N or chlorophyll content. At the end of the experiment leaves of `Supjibi Red' and `Angelika White' contained higher concentrations of soluble proteins than the other four cultivars.

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Effect of Nitrogen Nutrition Upon Sugar Content and Dry Weight of Juvenile Lodgepole Pine and White Spruce

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x72-066 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 434-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Harold M. Etter

Keyword(s):

Species Interactions ◽

Nitrogen Nutrition ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Nitrogen Deficiency ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nitrogen Level ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Free Sugars ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Physiological Processes

A factorial experiment was conducted in which Pinuscontorta var. latifolia and Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss seedlings were grown for 6 weeks under controlled environmental conditions with deficient and normal supplies of nitrate and ammonium. Free sugars (sucrose, fructose and glucose), starch (as glucose) and pectic sugars (galactose, arabinose, mannose and xylose) were quantitated. Effects of nitrogen form and nitrogen level, and their interactions, upon sugar contents and dry weights of the two species were examined. Growth responses to nitrogen occurred mainly in the shoots. For most parameters the two species reacted similarly to changes in nitrogen level and form, although the concentration of individual sugars differed between the species. In the shoots there were level × species interactions in the dry weight and the sum of free sugars plus starch. Plants grown under nitrogen deficiency were characterized by higher starch contents throughout and lower free sugars in the shoots. Supplying nitrate instead of ammonium lowered glucose levels, particularly in the shoots. Pectic sugar contents were unaffected by nitrogen nutrition. These compositional and growth responses to the nutritional regime implied changes in carbohydrate metabolism and physiological processes that are described by the C/N ratio of the plant.

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Valorization of Vineyard By-Products to Obtain Composted Digestate and Biochar Suitable for Nursery Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Production

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9080420 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 420 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Domenico Ronga ◽

Enrico Francia ◽

Giulio Allesina ◽

Simone Pedrazzi ◽

Massimo Zaccardelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitis Vinifera ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The Other ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Growing Media ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Planting Material ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

By Products

Although compost and biochar received high attention as growing media, little information is available on the potential of vineyard by-products for the production and use of composted solid digestate (CSD) and biochar (BC). In the present study, two experiments are reported on CSD and BC mixed with commercial peat (CP) for grapevine planting material production. Four doses (0, 10%, 20%, 40% vol.) of CSD and BC were assessed in the first and second experiment, respectively. CSD mixed at a dose of 10% recorded the highest values of shoot dry weight (SDW) and a fraction of total dry biomass allocated to shoot (FTS), both cropping bench-graft and bare-rooted vine. On the other hand, CSD mixed at a dose of 40% displayed the highest values of SDW and FTS, cropping two-year-old vine. BC used at a dose of 10% improved SDW, root dry weight, total dry weight, FTS, shoot diameter, and height on bare-rooted vine. The present study shows that CSD and BC, coming from the valorization of vineyard by-products, can be used in the production of innovative growing media suitable for nursery grapevine production. Further studies are needed to assess the combined applications of CSD and BC in the same growing media.

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Growth of Two Subtropical Ornamentals Using Coir (Coconut Mesocarp Pith) as a Peat Substitute

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.12.1484 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (12) ◽

pp. 1484-1486 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Alan W. Meerow

Keyword(s):

Growth Index ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Water Holding Capacity ◽

Sphagnum Peat ◽

Coir Dust ◽

Top Dry Weight ◽

Water Holding ◽

Ixora Coccinea ◽

Coconut Mesocarp ◽

Over Time

Growth of Pentas lanecolata (Forssk.) Deflers `Starburst Pink' and Ixora coccinea L. `Maui' was compared in container media using sphagnum peat, sedge peat, or coir dust as their peat components. Growth index and top and root dry weights of both crops were significantly better in coir-based medium than sedge peat-based medium. Pentas grew equally well in coir- and sphagnum peat-based medium. Growth index and top dry weight of Ixora were significantly lower in the coir-based than the sphagnum peat-based medium, although root dry weights were equal. This difference was not apparent and may have been caused by N drawdown in the coir-based mix. The sedge peat-based medium had the highest air porosity and the lowest water-holding capacity of the three media at the initiation of the trials, but at the termination of the study, it showed a reversal of these characteristics. The coir-based medium showed the least change in these attributes over time. Coir dust seems to be an acceptable substitute for sphagnum or sedge peat in soilless container media, although nutritional regimes may need to be adjusted on a crop-by-crop basis.

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Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Salak (Salacca Zallaca) terhadap Dosis Spora Endomikoriza pada Media Pembawa Pasir Kuarsa dan Zeolit

Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science ◽

10.24843/ajoas.2020.v10.i01.p03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 18

Author(s):

NI KADEK ARYANI ◽

I NYOMAN RAI ◽

NI NYOMAN ARI MAYADEWI

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Quartz Sand ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Root Infection ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Leaf P

Response of Salak Seedlings (Salacca Zallaca) Growth to Dosage of Endomycorrhizal Spore in Quartz Sand and Zeolite Carrier Media. This study aimed to study the effect of endomycorrhizal spore dosage and carrier media that were applied directly to the roots of salak plants. The research designed as factorisl by using Randomized Block Design with 2 treatment factors. The first factor was number of endomycorrhiza spores consists of 4 levels i.e 0, 75, 150, and 225 spores per 500 g carrier media per polybag, while the second factor was the type of carrier media consist of 2 levels i.e zeolite and quartz sand. The results showed that interaction between endomycorrhizal spore dosage with carrier media did not significantly influence the growth of salak seedlings. Endomycorrhizal spores in doses of 75, 150 and 225 spores per polybag increased root infection and leaf P nutrient content compared to control, but seed height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight of seedlings not significantly difference. The zeolite carrier media caused root infection by mycorrhizal was higher than quartz sand media, but the P nutrient uptake and seedling growth were not significantly different. Based on the results of this study it is necessary to make a longer observation of the effect of endomycorrhizal spore doses and carrier media on the growth of salak seedlings.

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Optimum Feeding Nutrient Solution Concentration for Greenhouse Potted Miniature Rose Production in a Recirculating Subirrigation System

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.45.9.1378 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (9) ◽

pp. 1378-1383 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Youbin Zheng ◽

Diane Feliciano Cayanan ◽

Mike Dixon

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Bottom Layer ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Branch Number ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

Fourfold Increase ◽

Total Dry Weight

To determine the optimum feeding nutrient solution concentrations for the production of potted miniature roses (Rosa chineersis minima ‘Fall Festival’) under recirculating subirrigation conditions, plants were grown under four different nutrient solution concentrations [25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the full strength with an electrical conductivity (EC) of 1.756 dS·m−1]. Nutrient solution concentrations affected the stem, root, and plant total dry weight and flower and branch number. Under the 75% strength nutrient solution, these growth parameters were equal to or better than the 100% strength solution. No difference was detected in the chlorophyll content of leaves from plants that received the 50%, 75%, and 100% strength solutions during the experiment but at Day 35; only the 25% treatment had significantly lower leaf chlorophyll content than the other treatments. There were no treatment effects on the measured total foliar nutrient contents [except potassium (K)] of plants under the 75% strength solution compared with those under the 100% treatment, but nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and/or iron (Fe) of plants under the 25% strength solutions were below that of the acceptable range. Interveinal chlorosis and/or reddish leaves and branches were also apparent in plants under the 25% and 50% strength solutions. It is suspected that these are symptoms of N, P, and Fe deficiencies caused by the reduced nutrient solution concentrations and increased pH of the growing substrate. There were significant depletions of N and P nutrients in the 25% and 50% strength solutions at the end of the experiment, which was consistent with visual symptoms and deficiencies. Nutrient salts accumulated in the top section of the growing substrate under all treatments, but no phytotoxic effects were observed. The EC values for the top third of the growing substrate were much higher than those of the bottom two-thirds. EC for the top layer of the 100% treatment exhibited a fourfold increase compared with the bottom layer of that treatment. The NO3–, K, magnesium, and calcium for the top layer of the 100% treatment were 235%, 149%, 287%, and 245%, respectively, higher compared with the bottom layer of the 100% treatment. It was concluded that the nutrient solution concentrations typically used for potted miniature rose production in most of the Canadian greenhouses under recirculating subirrigation conditions can be safely reduced to 75% and produce better plants.

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NUTRITION IN THE PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF SEEDLINGS OF THE BRAZIL NUT (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) IN NORTHERN BRAZIL

Revista Brasileira de Agropecuária Sustentável ◽

10.21206/rbas.v9i3.6255 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Aline das Graças Souza ◽

Oscar josé Smiderle

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Solution ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Production Costs ◽

Brazil Nut ◽

Bertholletia Excelsa ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Northern Brazil ◽

Total Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Weight

The Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) is fast-growing, and can be used in reforestation. However, the use of the species in reforestation is still uncommon, mainly due to production costs, with substrate and fertiliser being the most-costly components. Based on the above, the aim of this study was to evaluate growth and quality in seedlings of the Brazil nut both with and without nutrient solution. The experimental design was completely randomised in a 2 x 10 factorial scheme: treatments with and without the addition of nutrient solution and 10 evaluations at intervals of 45 days. The variables to be analysed were height, stem diameter, dry shoot weight, root dry weight, total dry weight and the Dickson quality index. When analysing shoot dry weight (SDW), a gain of 85% was found from adding the nutrient solution, compared to the absence of nutrient solution, whereas for the variable, root-system dry weight, (RDW) the gain was 43%. The addition of nutrient solution is suggested for accelerating the growth and development of high-quality seedlings of Bertholletia excelsa for commercial use.

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