Effect of Nitrogen Nutrition Upon Sugar Content and Dry Weight of Juvenile Lodgepole Pine and White Spruce

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold M. Etter
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Free Sugars ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Physiological Processes

A factorial experiment was conducted in which Pinuscontorta var. latifolia and Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss seedlings were grown for 6 weeks under controlled environmental conditions with deficient and normal supplies of nitrate and ammonium. Free sugars (sucrose, fructose and glucose), starch (as glucose) and pectic sugars (galactose, arabinose, mannose and xylose) were quantitated. Effects of nitrogen form and nitrogen level, and their interactions, upon sugar contents and dry weights of the two species were examined. Growth responses to nitrogen occurred mainly in the shoots. For most parameters the two species reacted similarly to changes in nitrogen level and form, although the concentration of individual sugars differed between the species. In the shoots there were level × species interactions in the dry weight and the sum of free sugars plus starch. Plants grown under nitrogen deficiency were characterized by higher starch contents throughout and lower free sugars in the shoots. Supplying nitrate instead of ammonium lowered glucose levels, particularly in the shoots. Pectic sugar contents were unaffected by nitrogen nutrition. These compositional and growth responses to the nutritional regime implied changes in carbohydrate metabolism and physiological processes that are described by the C/N ratio of the plant.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Nutrition of Spathiphyllum 'Sensation' Grown in Sphagnum Peat- and Coir-based Media with Two Irrigation Methods

HortScience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert T.Y. Mak ◽  
D.M. Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Coir Dust ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf N Content

Effects of nitrogen application on growth, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and chlorophyll content were studied in Spathiphyllum Schott 'Sensation' grown in sphagnum peat (SP)- and coir dust (CD)-based media with top-irrigation or subirrigation. Maximum shoot dry weight occurred at 8 mM N in plants grown in SP-based medium under top-irrigation and subirrigation, and in CD-based medium under subirrigation. For plants in CD-based medium under top-irrigation, maximum shoot dry weight was obtained at 16 mm N. In SP- or CD-based medium, shoot dry weight was greater at 4 and 8 mm N under subirrigation than under top-irrigation. Stomatal conductance and transpiration were reduced by nitrogen deficiency (0 N), greatly enhanced by 4 mm N, and decreased gradually at higher N levels. Chlorophyll content increased with increasing N concentration up to 8 mm. The percentage of maximum total dry weight increased quadratically as leaf N content increased from 1.5% to 3.5%. Nitrogen at 16 and 32 mm increased the number of leaves with marginal necrosis. Reduced growth and more leaves with marginal necrosis occurred in SP- or CD-based media with EC > 1.25 dS·m-1 in the middle and bottom layers.

Harvest Field Sizing as a Technique to Remove Undersize French Prunes

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 452a-452
Author(s):  
Richard Buchner ◽  
Seeley Mudd ◽  
Bruce Carroll ◽  
Mark Gilles
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Test Field ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
High Sugar Content

Overall profitability is a major goal in successful prune production and a major component in any prune management system. Large prune crops in 1996 and 1997 have stimulated considerable interest in undersize fruit. Undersize prunes currently have marginal value and may represent a net loss because of costs to haul, dry, and to market order payments on low value prunes. One technique to control delivery size is to field size at harvest. Field sizing involves installing size-sorting devices on harvesters, which allow small prunes to fall out while valuable fruit is collected. Field sizing is considered a “risky” strategy because of the potential to remove prunes with economic value. During the 1997 harvest, 21 infield harvest sizing evaluations were made in prune orchards throughout Tehama county. The first evaluation occurred on 12 Aug. 1997, at the start of prune harvest. The final evaluation was done on 5 Sept. 1997, at the tail end of harvest. The objective was to sample throughout the harvest period to test field sizing under various sugar, size, and fruit pressure scenarios. The test machine was 1-inch bar sizer. Of the 21 sample dates, undersize fruit was clearly not marketable in 20 of the 21 samples. Discarded fruit averaged 133 dry count per pound. Only one sample out of 21 may have had market value at 86 dry count per pound. Although small in size, these prunes had very high sugar content contributing to their dry weight. In this evaluation, a 1-inch bar sizer did a good job of separating fruit with and without market value under the 1997 price schedule. As harvest date becomes later and soluble solids increase, the chances of sorting out marketable prunes also increases.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic and Sugar Profiles of Date Fruits Extracts from Six Different Algerian Cultivars as Influenced by Ripening Stages and Extraction Systems

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Malika Tassoult ◽  
Djamel Edine Kati ◽  
María África Fernández-Prior ◽  
Alejandra Bermúdez-Oria ◽  
Juan Fernandez-Bolanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Ripening Stages ◽  
Date Fruit ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
First Time

The study investigated the phenols, sugar and the antioxidant capacities of date fruit extracts obtained by organic solvents and by hydrothermal treatment from six different Algerian cultivars at two ripening stages for the first time. The analyzed cultivars exhibited potent antioxidant properties (ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging capacities) and different phenols regardless of the solvents and the maturity stages. About 18 phenols were identified and quantified, mainly in the hydrothermal extracts. The earlier stages were characterized by high amounts of o-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid and luteolin, with a noticeable absence of quercetin. The tamr stage presented the highest sugar content (78.15–86.85 mg/100 mg dry weight (DW)) with an abundance of glucose. Galactose was present only in some cultivars from the kimri stage (tamjouhert). Uronic acids were mostly detected at the tamr stage (4.02–8.82 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 mg dried weight). The obtained results highlight the potential of using date fruit extracts as natural antioxidants, especially at industrial scales that tend use hydrothermal extraction.

scholarly journals Role of Insulin in Health and Disease: An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6403
Author(s):  
Md Saidur Rahman ◽  
Khandkar Shaharina Hossain ◽  
Sharnali Das ◽  
Sushmita Kundu ◽  
Elikanah Olusayo Adegoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Health And Disease

Insulin is a polypeptide hormone mainly secreted by β cells in the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. The hormone potentially coordinates with glucagon to modulate blood glucose levels; insulin acts via an anabolic pathway, while glucagon performs catabolic functions. Insulin regulates glucose levels in the bloodstream and induces glucose storage in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue, resulting in overall weight gain. The modulation of a wide range of physiological processes by insulin makes its synthesis and levels critical in the onset and progression of several chronic diseases. Although clinical and basic research has made significant progress in understanding the role of insulin in several pathophysiological processes, many aspects of these functions have yet to be elucidated. This review provides an update on insulin secretion and regulation, and its physiological roles and functions in different organs and cells, and implications to overall health. We cast light on recent advances in insulin-signaling targeted therapies, the protective effects of insulin signaling activators against disease, and recommendations and directions for future research.

The role of nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and abiotic factors in the etiology of apple replant problems in the Granite Belt of Queensland

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Dullahide ◽  
GR Stirling ◽  
A Nikulin ◽  
AM Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Granite Belt ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Orchard Soils ◽  
Fusarium Tricinctum

Investigations of apple replant failure in the Granite Belt suggested that the problem had a complex etiology. Soil fertility was an important factor because apple seedlings grew best in replant soils with high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Consistent improvements in the growth of apple seedlings were obtained when typical orchard soils were treated with fenamiphos, confirming that lesion nematode was also an important component of the disease complex. Pratylenchus penetrans had been recognised as a pathogen of apples, and pathogenicity tests showed that P. jordanensis, another species widely distributed in the Granite Belt, had similar effects. Growth responses of apple seedlings were greater when soil was pasteurised than when it was treated with fenamiphos, suggesting that root pathogens other than nematodes were involved in apple replant failure. However, the primary cause probably differed between orchards because soils did not respond in the same manner to pasteurisation and nematicide treatments. Pathogenicity tests with 14 bacteria associated with apple roots showed no effect on the growth of apple seedlings. However, Fusarium tricinctum, Cylindrocarpon destructans, and Pythium sp. were implicated in the problem because they were consistently recovered from discoloured roots. In a factorial experiment involving nematodes and fungi in pots, P. jordanensis, P. penetrans, E. tricinctum, and C. destructans reduced the dry weight of apple roots but there was no interaction between nematodes and fungi.

scholarly journals Influence of Sett Treatments on Biochemical, Weed, Physiological Parameters and Nutrient Uptake of Bajra Napier Hybrid Grass [CO (BN)5]

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (september) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varshini S V ◽  
◽  
Jayanthi C ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Phenolics Content

A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, to study the influence of sett treatment on biochemical parameters, weed parameters, physiological parameters and nutrient uptake of bajra Napier hybrid grass. The results of the experiment indicated that on biochemical parameters, sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1) recorded higher reducing sugars (28.89 mg/g), total sugar (34.83 mg/g) and starch content (45.83 mg/g). Whereas the lower non reducing sugar content (5.94 mg/g) and total phenolics content (1.65 mg/g) were also observed with sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1). Similarly, on weed parameters, significantly lower weed density (9.90 No./m2) and weed dry weight (12.92 g/m2) was recorded with sett treatment with water (12 hours soaking fb 24 hours incubation) (S1). On physiological parameters, significantly higher leaf area index (28.98), relative water content (87.85 %) was registered with water (12 hours soaking fb24 hours incubation) (S1). Among sett treatments, water (12 hours soaking fb24 hours incubation) (S1) had registered higher nitrogen (192.8 kg ha-1), phosphorus (33.0 kg ha-1) and potassium (112.9 kg ha-1) uptake.

scholarly journals Above and Belowground Growth of Corymbia maculata in a Constructed Soil: The Effect of Profile Design and Organic Amendment

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Karen Smith ◽  
Peter May ◽  
Robert White
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Organic Amendment ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Profile Design

Spotted gum (Corymbia maculata (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson), a common street tree in southern Australian cities, was used to assess growth responses to variations in profile design and organic amendment of constructed soils. Aboveground growth responses were total stem dry weight and foliar nutrient content. The belowground response was root length density. Soil profiles were constructed of sand, amended with either coir fiber, composted biosolids or composted green waste, at rates of 0, 5, 10 or 20% by volume. The profiles were either layered, with a 150 mm (6 in) organic-amended surface layer, or uniform, with amendment of the entire profile. A single fertilizer treatment was applied to all profiles. Shoot dry weight was only affected by organic matter type with the greatest growth in sand amended with composted biosolids. Foliage P and K content were affected by amendment but foliage N was not. Profile design affected root length density and distribution. Trees in uniform profiles had greater root length density, and a more uniform distribution of roots, especially with compost amendments. Above- and belowground growth increases are thought to be due to increased nutrient status resulting from organic matter mineralization.

scholarly journals Potensi Kadar Nira dan Produksi Beberapa Varietas Sorgum Manis (Sorghum vulgare) di Lahan Kering Area Hutan sebagai Bahan Baku Bioetanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani ◽  
Sri Rahayu ◽  
Luluk Sulistiyo Budi
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Range Test

Sweet sorghum is one of the bioethanol producing plants that can be cultivated on dry land with a wide climate range. The study aims to utilize dry land forest areas for the development of several varieties of sweet sorghum as a bioethanol feedstock. The types used are Suri 3, Kawali, Super 2 and Suri 4 varieties which cultivated at various biofertilizer doses per plant, namely 5 g, 10 g, and 15 g. This experiments used Randomized Block Designed factorial followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the Suri 3, Kawali and Super 2 varieties had above-average agronomic and production characters with the highest values at stem height (301.28 cm), stem weight (145.21g), and seed dry weight (39.74 g) achieved by the variety of Super 2.  Varieties of Suri 3  has the highest potential the content of sugar in the stem (16.69%). Suri 4 variety produces the most volume of juice with the lowest of sugar content. The interaction of varieties  and biofertilizer doses was significantly different against the number of nodules, and the highest of nodules number accomplished by Super 2 varieties at a dose of 10 g (11.77).

scholarly journals Biocomponents and Antioxidant Activity of Ribes khorasanicum

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ehsan Taghavizadeh Yazdi ◽  
Jalil Khara ◽  
Mohammad Reza Housaindokht ◽  
Hamid Reza Sadeghnia ◽  
Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Total Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Biological And Medical Applications

Currently, there have been lots of interests in phytochemicals as bioactive components. The roles of fruit, vegetables, and red pigments in preventing diseases have been partly accredited to the antioxidant properties of their constituent polyphenols, flavonoid, anthocyanins, and etc. Biochemistry parameters including the relative levels of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin, soluble and insoluble sugar content of Ribes khorasanicum, have been calculated in this project. The total anthocyanin content of the investigated Ribes khorasanicum measured to be 62.9 mg/g in dry weight, while displaying high levels when compared to other components, which indicates that the anthocyanin content was the predominant antioxidant components in the investigated plant. This particular plant has the potential to serve as the important source of antioxidant that can be utilized in different biological and medical applications.

INFLUENCE OF FOLIAR NITROGEN LEVELS ON SURVIVAL, DEVELOPMENT, AND REPRODUCTION OF WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1985 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Wayne Brewer ◽  
John L. Capinera ◽  
Robert E. Deshon ◽  
Mary L. Walmsley
Keyword(s):  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Western Spruce Budworm ◽  
Foliar Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
White Fir

AbstractThe influence of nitrogen levels in foliage of white-fir, Abies concolor, and Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga menziesii, seedlings on various biological characteristics of the western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman, was studied. Seedlings were grown under greenhouse conditions and provided with nutrient solutions to maintain five foliar nitrogen levels ranging from 1.29 to 4.42% dry weight for white fir and 1.43 to 3.94% for Douglas fir. Larvae confined to treated seedlings were monitored through the next generation. Larval mortality was higher, and development time longer, at both upper and lower extremes of foliar nitrogen than at mid-level. Mean pupal weight was significantly greater for larvae reared on white fir with the mid-range foliar-nitrogen level. Mean number, and weight, of eggs laid were highest when larvae fed on foliage from the mid-range nitrogen level. Total number of larvae produced was lowest at the high and low extremes of foliar nitrogen levels.

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