scholarly journals Biomass and Total Nonstructural Carbohydrate Partitioning in Relation to Nursery Digging Date, and Subsequent Growth, Development and Fruiting Pattern of Strawberry Runner Plants Propagated in California High-latitude Nurseries

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 996B-996
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Kirschbaum ◽  
Kirk D. Larson ◽  
Steven A. Weinbaum ◽  
Theodore M. DeJong
Keyword(s):  
High Latitude ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrate ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
One Year ◽  
Chilling Units

The pattern of total nonstructural carbohydrate [starch and soluble sugars (TNC)] accumulation in strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) nursery runner plants, cv. Camarosa, was determined for three growing seasons. A similar study was conducted on `Selva', but for only one year. Growth, development and fruit production patterns of plants transplanted to growth chambers (GC) or fruiting fields were also evaluated. The experiments were carried out on plants propagated in high latitude (41°50' N) nurseries in California (Siskiyou County). Plants were sampled beginning late summer through early autumn and analyzed for dry mass (DM) and TNC. Plants from different digging dates were established in GC or fruit evaluation plots in Irvine, Calif. (33°39'N). Initial TNC concentration in storage tissues at the time of nursery digging increased steadily from the second week of September to the third week of October. Crown and root TNC concentration and content were correlated positively with the accumulation of chilling units (CU = hours ≤7.2 °C) in the nursery. Root TNC concentration consistently increased from 6% to 10% DM in `Camarosa' (a short-day cultivar), and from ∼4% to 14% DM in `Selva' (a day-neutral cultivar) from mid-September to the first week of October. The root TNC content increased ∼2.5 times in `Camarosa' and ∼3.7 times in `Selva' during the same period. Transplant growth, development, and fruiting pattern were affected by digging date. Root TNC concentration and content were more sensitive to CU accumulation than crown TNC concentration and content. Therefore, root sampling appeared to be more appropriate than crown sampling for assessing the carbohydrate status and optimal digging dates of strawberry nursery runner plants early in the fall.

Effects of conifer release treatments on the growth and fruit production of Vaccinium spp. in northwestern Ontario

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 841-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
F M Moola ◽  
A U Mallik ◽  
R A Lautenschlager
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Lowbush Blueberry ◽  
Multiple Treatments ◽  
Vaccinium Myrtilloides

Berry production and vegetative recovery of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) and velvet leaf blueberry (Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx.) were documented for three growing seasons (1994, 1995, 1996) after brushsaw, single operational and multiple nonoperational Vision® herbicide (active ingredient glyphosate), and control treatments in a jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) plantation in northwestern Ontario. Vaccinium angustifolium fruit production was significantly (P <= 0.05) reduced by both the single and multiple treatments in all 3 years of the study. Fruit production by V. myrtilloides was significantly (P <= 0.05) reduced only by the multiple treatment. The significant reduction in berry production by V. angustifolium contributed to an overall drop in the availability of blueberries (both species combined) on sprayed clearcuts in 1995 and 1996. Single and multiple treatments also significantly (P <= 0.05) reduced fresh mass and dry mass of total berries in 1995 and 1996. Compared with the controls, reductions in cover for both blueberry species were only significant (P <= 0.05) with the Vision® treatments. In clearcuts where V. angustifolium forms a major component of the Vaccinium spp. cover, the short-term reduction in fruit availability in sprayed areas may be considerable.

Seasonal Nonstructural Carbohydrate Patterns in Dewberry (Rubus spp.) Roots

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Katherine M. Ghantous ◽  
Hilary A. Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Nonstructural Carbohydrate ◽  
Fruit Maturity

Abstract Applying control measures when carbohydrate levels are low can decrease the likelihood of plant survival, but little is known about the carbohydrate cycles of dewberry (Rubus spp.), a problematic weed group on cranberry farms. Weedy Rubus plants were collected from areas adjacent to production beds on commercial cranberry farms in Massachusetts, two locations per year for two years. For each site and year, four entire plants were collected at five phenological stages: budbreak, full leaf expansion, flowering, fruit maturity, and after onset of dormancy. Root sections were analyzed for total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC; starch, sucrose, fructose, and glucose). Overall trends for all sites and years showed TNC were lowest at full leaf expansion or flowering; when sampled at dormancy, TNC concentrations were greater than or equal to those measured at budbreak. Starch, a carbohydrate form associated with long-term storage, had low levels at budbreak, leaf expansion and/or flowering with a significant increase at fruit maturity and the onset of dormancy, ending at levels higher than those found at budbreak. The concentration of soluble sugars, carbohydrate forms readily usable by plants, was highest at budbreak compared to the other four phenological samplings. Overall, our findings supported the hypothesis that TNC levels within the roots of weedy Rubus plants can be predicted based on different phenological growth stages in Massachusetts. However, recommendations for timing management practices cannot be based on TNC cycles alone; other factors such as temporal proximity to dormancy may also impact Rubus plants recovery and further research is warranted. Late-season damage should allow less time for plants to replenish carbohydrate reserves (prior to the onset of dormancy), thereby likely enhancing weed management tactics effectiveness over time. Future studies should consider tracking the relationship between environmental conditions, phenological stages, and carbohydrate trends.

scholarly journals Correlations between environmental salinity levels, blood biochemistry parameters, and steroid hormones in wild juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia C. Faulkner ◽  
Ruth M. Elsey ◽  
David Hala ◽  
Lene H. Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Alligator Mississippiensis ◽  
Environmental Salinity ◽  
Significant Seasonal Variation ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
American Alligators ◽  
One Year

AbstractAmerican alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) inhabit freshwater wetlands that are vulnerable to salinization caused by anthropogenic alterations to freshwater flow, in addition to storm surges, sea level rise, and droughts. Salinization of coastal freshwater habitats is a growing concern in a changing climate due to increased frequency and intensity of storm surges and drought conditions. This study opportunistically sampled juvenile male and female wild alligators in various salinities each month excluding November, December, and January for one year at Rockefeller Wildlife Refuge in coastal Louisiana. Blood plasma biochemistry parameters including electrolyte levels were subsequently measured. In addition, levels of various renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system hormones, glucocorticoids, androgens, estrogens, and progestogens were analyzed using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Only males were sampled in hyperosmotic environments (> 10‰) during dry conditions in late summer 2018. In juvenile males, plasma Na+, Cl−, and the progestogen 17α,20β-dihydroxypregnenone were significantly and positively correlated with environmental salinity. However, variation in glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens were not associated with hypersaline water while sex steroids showed significant seasonal variation. This study demonstrated significant correlation of environmental salinity with electrolyte levels and a sex steroid in wild juvenile alligators, and to our knowledge represents the first measurement of 17α,20β-dihydroxypregnenone in alligators.

Preliminary investigations into the life cycle of Ventruia inaequalis (Cooke) WINT. in South Australia.

1953 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Primary Infection ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
New Information ◽  
One Year

Investigation into the possible sources of primary infection by the fungus Ventruia inaequalis (Cooke) Wint. in spring has been carried out. The results present new information on the life cycle of the pathogen under South Australian conditions. Sources of primary infection, such 'as lesions on one-year-old wood or overwintering superficial conidia on the trees, do not appear important. Bud-scale infection of dormant buds has been shown, and its relative importance is discussed. Ascospores are the most important source of primary infection. Their period of discharge extends to a later date than previously reported for South Australia and is considered in relation to leader shoot and late summer spot infection.

Seasonal Photosynthesis and Partitioning of Nonstructural Carbohydrates in Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula)

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russ W. Gesch ◽  
Debra Palmquist ◽  
James V. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Leafy Spurge ◽  
Adventitious Bud ◽  
Adventitious Buds ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Carbohydrate Partitioning ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Autumn Leaf ◽  
Carbohydrate Status ◽  
New Strategies

Previous evidence indicates that changes in well-defined phases of dormancy in underground adventitious buds of leafy spurge in late summer and autumn are regulated by complex sensing and signaling pathways involving aboveground sugar signals. However, little information exists concerning seasonal photosynthesis and carbohydrate partitioning of leafy spurge, although such information would help to elucidate the involvement of sugar in controlling bud dormancy. An outdoor study was conducted over two growing seasons to determine and model seasonal patterns of photosynthesis and aboveground carbohydrate partitioning and their relationship to underground adventitious bud carbohydrate status. Photosynthesis and total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC) content of aboveground tissues was greatest during vegetative growth. Photosynthesis gradually declined over the growing season, whereas TNC decreased sharply during flowering, followed by a gradual decline between midsummer and autumn. Leaf starch increased dramatically to midsummer before declining sharply throughout late summer and early autumn, whereas sucrose content responded inversely, indicating a mobilization of starch reserves and export of sugars to overwintering belowground sink tissues. Because newly formed underground adventitious buds showed a continuous increase in TNC from midsummer through autumn, export of sugars from aboveground tissues likely contributed to the increase in TNC. These results may facilitate new strategies for biological control of leafy spurge.

scholarly journals Cold induced changes on sugar contents and respiratory enzyme activities in coffee genotypes

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 781-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Luiz Partelli ◽  
Henrique Duarte Vieira ◽  
Ana Paula Dias Rodrigues ◽  
Isabel Pais ◽  
Eliemar Campostrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Respiratory Enzymes ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
One Year

The present research aimed to characterize some biochemical responses of Coffea canephora (clones 02 and 153) and C. arabica (Catucaí IPR 102) genotypes subjected to low positive temperatures, helping to elucidate the mechanisms involved in cold tolerance. For that, one year old plants were subjected successively to 1) a temperature decrease (0.5°C a day) from 25/20°C to 13/8°C (acclimation period), 2) a three day chilling cycle (3x13/4°C) and to 3) a recovery period of 14 days (25/20°C). In Catucaí (less cold sensitive when compared to clone 02) there was an increased activity in the respiratory enzymes malate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase. Furthermore, Catucaí showed significant increases along the cold imposition and the higher absolute values after chilling exposure of the soluble sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose, raffinose, arabinose and mannitol) that are frequently involved in osmoregulation and membrane stabilization/protection. The analysis of respiratory enzymes and of soluble sugar balance may give valuable information about the cold acclimation/tolerance mechanisms, contributing to a correct selection and breeding of Coffea sp. genotypes.

Lipid accumulation by migrating monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L.)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Gibo ◽  
Jody A. McCurdy
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Late Phase ◽  
Danaus Plexippus ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Middle Phase ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Lipid Mass ◽  
Peak Abundance

The migration of Danaus plexippus during the late summer in southern Ontario in 1986 lasted for about 8 weeks and consisted of three phases, an early phase characterized by increasing abundance, a middle phase of peak abundance, and a late phase characterized by declining abundance. As the season progressed, systematic changes were observed in wet mass, dry mass, lean dry mass, lipid mass, and forewing length. Wet mass, lean dry mass, and forewing length were similar for early- and middle-phase individuals, but declined in late-phase migrants. Lipid mass peaked in the middle phase of the migration and then declined abruptly in the late phase. Dry mass also peaked in the middle phase, reflecting changes in lipid mass and lean dry mass. We hypothesize that the observed changes in lipid mass and lean dry mass over the 8 weeks resulted from changes in population structure as well as seasonal changes in the weather, and in availability of nectar. Opposing conclusions reached in previous studies of lipid accumulation in D. plexippus are probably the result of failure to control for phase of migration.

scholarly journals Compost application in integrated and organic fruit cultivation

2012 ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Anita Szabó ◽  
István Gonda ◽  
Inre Vágó
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
One Year ◽  
Organic Fruit

Nowadays the success vegetable and fruit production are unimaginable without regular nutrient management. One of the ways to supply the required nutrients in an environmentally friendly way is the application of composts, which is less widespread so far. Compost doses were applied in biological and integrated apple orchards in cooperation with the Institute of Horticultural Science in the years 2010 and 2011. Different changes were resulted by the compost treatments in the examined parameters in case of both apple varieties (Golden Delicious and Pinova). There is no clear effect of compost on the changes of ash-, total acids, Vitamin C and the sugar content until now, because the improvement of the nutritional indicators takes more time. However significant differences were observed after one year between the apple varieties. Higher ash-, total acids and sugar content were measured in case of the apple variety Pinova, while the measurements showed higher Vitamin C content in case of the variety Golden Delicious.

scholarly journals Soluble carbohydrates in cereal (wheat, rye, triticale) seed after storage under accelerated ageing conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Agnieszka I. Piotrowicz-Cieślak ◽  
Maciej Niedzielski ◽  
Dariusz J. Michalczyk ◽  
Wiesław Łuczak ◽  
Barbara Adomas
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Seed Moisture

Germinability and the content of soluble carbohydrates were analysed in cereal seed (winter rye, cv. Warko; spring wheat, cv. Santa; hexaploid winter triticale, cv. Fidelio and cv. Woltario). Seed moisture content (mc) was equilibrated over silica gel to 0.08 g H<sub>2</sub>O/g dry mass and stored in a desiccator at 20<sup>o</sup>C for up to 205 weeks or were equilibrated to mc 0.06, 0.08 or 0.10 g H<sub>2</sub>O/g dm and subjected to artificial aging at 35<sup>o</sup>C in air-tight laminated aluminium foil packages for 205 weeks. It was shown that the rate of seed aging depended on the species and seed moisture content. The fastest decrease of germinability upon storage was observed in seed with the highest moisture level. Complete germinability loss for winter rye, winter triticale cv. Fidelio, winter triticale cv. Woltario and spring wheat seed with mc 0.10 g H<sub>2</sub>O/g dm<sup>3</sup> occurred after 81, 81, 101 and 133 weeks, respectively. Fructose, glucose, galactose, myo-inositol, sucrose, galactinol, raffinose, stachyose and verbascose were the main soluble carbohydrates found in the seed. The obtained data on the contents of specific sugars and the composition of soluble sugars fraction in seed of rye, wheat and triticale did not corroborate any profound effect of reducing sugars, sucrose and oligosaccharides on seed longevity.

scholarly journals Production of Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R.W. Jobson (Fabaceae) seedlings irrigated with saline water

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Adriana dos S. Ferreira ◽  
Caio C. P. Leal ◽  
Bruno da S. Guirra ◽  
Salvador B. Torres ◽  
Marco Porceddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B

ABSTRACT Saline irrigation water at high levels causes disturbance in the growth of more sensitive plants. The objective of this research was to evaluate the initial growth of Pityrocarpa moniliformis seedlings under different electrical conductivity in irrigation water through physiological and biochemical analyses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with five water electrical conductivities (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dS m-1) and four repetitions of 20 plants each, arranged in a randomized block design. Application of the treatments with irrigation water containing NaCl began at 30 days after sowing. To determine the behaviour of the species, the following variables were analysed: stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, Dickson quality index, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass, as well as the biochemical variables, such as the concentrations of total soluble sugars, free proline and chlorophylls a and b. The increase in irrigation water salinity hampered the growth of P. moniliformis seedlings, with electrical conductivity of 0.5 dS m-1 being the limit for maximum production. The results also indicated that the deleterious effects of salt stress on P. moniliformis seedlings variables increase in concentrations of proline, total soluble sugars and betaine glycine.

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