scholarly journals Cultivar and Growing Location Effects on Oil Content and Fatty Acids in Canola Sprouts

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1628-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harbans L. Bhardwaj ◽  
Anwar A. Hamama
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Radish Sprouts ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Industrial Use ◽  
New Crop

Although sprouts have played a significant role in human nutrition, there is a lack of information about sprouts made from seed of canola, a new crop in the United States as a source of edible and industrial-use oil. We studied oil content and fatty acid composition in sprouts made from seed of four canola cultivars (Banjo, KS 8200, KS 8227, and Virginia) grown at three locations in Virginia (Orange, Petersburg, and Suffolk) during 2001–2002 and 2002–2003 crop seasons. Canola cultivars exhibited significant effects on contents of oil and all fatty acids except for C20:0, whereas growing locations only affected contents of oil and C22:0, C18:2, and C18:3 fatty acids in the sprouts. The contents of oil and C16:0, C18:0, C20:0 C22:0, C24:0, C16:1, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:1, C22:1, total saturated, total unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated in canola sprouts were 27.33%, 5.38%, 1.21%, 0.53%, 0.27%, 0.15%, 0.68%, 45.71%, 18.35%, 8.82%, 7.44%, 11.46%, 7.54%, 92.46%, 60.18%, and 27.17% of total fatty acids, respectively. The ratio of C18:2 to C18:3 fatty acids in canola sprouts averaged 1.00 to 2.09 with Virginia cultivar having the highest ratio (2.33) and KS 8227 having the lowest ratio (1.91). These ratios were within the recommended ratios of 1.00 to 4.00 for optimal human nutrition. Our results indicated that, based only on oil and fatty acid contents, canola sprouts may be healthier than alfalfa, brussels sprout, mungbean, and radish sprouts.

scholarly journals Oil content and fatty acid profile of selected poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) landraces and modern cultivars  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matěj Satranský ◽  
Adéla Fraňková ◽  
Perla Kuchtová ◽  
Kateřina Pazderů ◽  
Ivana Capouchova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
Total Oil

The oil content and fatty acid composition were determined in the seed of 19 poppy genotypes (both landraces and modern cultivars) grown in three-year field trials. The total oil content ranged from 34.56–44.76%. The oil content in white-seeded genotypes (40.73–44.76%) exceeded the oil content in blue-seeded genotypes (34.56–40.34%) and ocher-seeded genotypes (38.36–42.69%). Linoleic acid (71.41–74.02%), oleic acid (12.35–15.51%) and palmitic acid (8.95–10.29%) were the most abundant fatty acids in the evaluated seeds of poppy genotypes. A significant negative correlation (–0.7574**) was found between linoleic and oleic fatty acids. The sum of polyunsaturated (PUFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and saturated (SFA) fatty acids ranged from 72.43–74.91%, 12.90–16.14% and 10.99–12.46% of the total fatty acids, respectively. Both the total oil content and the content of individual fatty acids were mainly affected by the crop year (weather conditions); however, the effect of genotype and year × genotype interaction was also significant. Due to the favourable composition of fatty acids, the evaluated poppy genotypes can be<br /> a good source of nutritionally valuable oil.  

Variability in seed oil content and fatty acid composition, phenotypic traits and self-incompatibility among selected niger germplasm accessions

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-354
Author(s):  
Victoria G. Benelli ◽  
Fred L. Allen ◽  
Ming Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Self Incompatibility

AbstractNiger (Guizotia abyssinica, L.) is a desirable oilseed crop for birdseed, especially for finches (Spinus spp.) because of its high ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids and relatively high oil content. In 2012, phenotypic traits, seed oil and fatty acid content measurements were made on 14 plant introductions (PIs) from the United States Department of Agriculture germplasm collection. The PIs originated in Ethiopia (ten), India (three) and USA (one). The phenotypic traits analysed included seed/plant, branches/plant, capitula/plant1, average seed/capitulum and plant height. After initial assessments of the 14 PIs, three were selected for use as parents to produce two one-way and two two-way F1 crosses for the purpose of evaluating self-incompatibility (SI). Parent and F1 progeny seeds were planted in a greenhouse and transplanted to a field site at the East Tennessee Research and Education Center (2012, 2013 and 2014). Comparisons from 2012 showed seed oil of the 14 PIs ranging from 32.9 to 37.9% (PI 508076 (Ethiopia) and PI 509436 (India), respectively). Major fatty acids included stearic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic; with linoleic acid in highest amount. PI508079 (Ethiopia) had the best combination of seed yield, seed oil and linoleic acid content. Over 2013 and 2014, SI ranged from 91.1 to 100.0%. W6 18860 (USA) had the most self-compatibility, and the F1 plants generated from crosses between W6 18860 and other plants tended to be self-compatible when the former was used as a pollen recipient. The results obtained from this study should be useful for niger breeding and production purposes.

scholarly journals Content of Higher Fatty Acids in Green Vegetables

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. S125-S129 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vidrih ◽  
S. Filip ◽  
J. Hribar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Radish Sprouts ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Higher Fatty Acids

Green vegetables are considered an important source of some nutritionally important constituents that have health benefits (e.g. vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, fibre). Epidemiological data suggest that consuming a diet rich in fruit and vegetables can lower the risks for chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Over the past 100–150 years, there have been enormous increases in the consumption of omega-6 fatty acids due to the increased intake of vegetable oils from various seeds. Studies have indicated that a high intake of omega-6 fatty acids shifts the physiological state to one that is prothrombotic and pro-aggregatory, whereas omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, anti-arrhythmic, hypolipidemic and vasodilatory properties. Literature data regarding the contents of higher fatty acids (e.g. omega-6 fatty acids) in vegetables are scarce, although vegetables are known to contain a high proportion of n-3 fatty acids. Here, the fatty acid content and composition was determined for 26 green vegetables that are commonly available in Slovenia, by gas-liquid chromatography and <I>in situ</I> transesterification. The fatty acid analysis revealed C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3. The total fatty acid content in the vegetables ranged from 500 mg/100 g fresh weight (f.w.) in red cabbage, to 4.000 mg/100 g f.w. in tarragon. The proportion of saturated fatty acids (as g/100 g total fatty acids) ranged from 12% to 35%. All of the vegetables contained a high proportion of poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), ranging from 45% to 81% of total fatty acids. The omega-3 PUFA proportion ranged from 5% in carrot to 60% in tarragon. The content of mono-unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 1% to 25%. French beans, tarragon and radish sprouts contained the highest concentrations of C16:1, at 5 mg/100 g f.w. Consumption of 100 g of tarragon meets 13.2% of daily requirements for &alpha;-linolenic acid; similarly, for radish sprouts 9.4%, for mangold 6.9%, for ruccola 5.4%, for green salad 5.0%, and for kale 4.7%. Green vegetables are an important source of 18:3n-3 PUFAs, especially for vegetarian populations.

scholarly journals Bicarbonate for microalgae cultivation: a case study in a chlorophyte, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis isolated from a Norwegian lake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikumi Umetani ◽  
Eshetu Janka ◽  
Michal Sposób ◽  
Chris J. Hulatt ◽  
Synne Kleiven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractBicarbonate was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for a green microalga, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis, isolated from Lake Norsjø in Norway. Photosynthesis, growth, and lipid production were studied using four inorganic carbon regimes: (1) aeration only, (2) 20 mM NaHCO3, (3) 5% (v/v) CO2 gas, and (4) combination of 20 mM NaHCO3 and 5% CO2. Variable chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed that the bicarbonate treatment supported effective photosynthesis, while the CO2 treatment led to inefficient photosynthetic activity with a PSII maximum quantum yield as low as 0.31. Conversely, bicarbonate and CO2 treatments gave similar biomass and fatty acid production. The maximum growth rate, the final cell dry weight, and total fatty acids under the bicarbonate-only treatment were 0.33 (± 0.06) day−1, 673 (± 124) mg L−1 and 75 (± 5) mg g−1 dry biomass, respectively. The most abundant fatty acid components were α-linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids constituting 69% of the total fatty acids. The fatty acid profile eventuated in unsuitable biodiesel fuel properties such as high degree of unsaturation and low cetane number; however, it would be relevant for food and feed applications. We concluded that bicarbonate could give healthy growth and comparative product yields as CO2.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical Variability of Cured Vanilla Beans (Vanilla tahitensis and Vanilla planifolia)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Brunschwig ◽  
François Xavier Collard ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bianchini ◽  
Phila Raharivelomanana
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Curing Method ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

In order to establish a chemical fingerprint of vanilla diversity, thirty samples of V. planifolia J. W. Moore and V. tahitensis G. Jackson cured beans from seven producing countries were examined for their aroma and fatty acid contents. Both fatty acid and aroma compositions were found to vary between vanilla species and origins. Vanillin was found in higher amounts in V. planifolia (1.7-3.6% of dry matter) than in V. tahitensis (1.0-2.0%), and anisyl compounds were found in lower amounts in V. planifolia (0.05%) than in V. tahitensis (1.4%-2.1%). Ten common and long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCFA) were identified and were found to be characteristic of the vanilla origin. LCFA derived from secondary metabolites have discriminating compositions as they reach 5.9% and 15.8% of total fatty acids, respectively in V. tahitensis and V. planifolia. This study highlights the role of the curing method as vanilla cured beans of two different species cultivated in the same country were found to have quite similar fatty acid compositions.

Prediction of Fatty Acid Content in Beef Neck Lean by near Infrared Reflectance Analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Windham ◽  
W.H. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the prediction of individual and total fatty acids of bovine M. Longissimus dorsi neck muscles has been studied. Beef neck lean was collected from meat processing establishments using advanced meat recovery systems and hand-deboning. Samples ( n = 302) were analysed to determine fatty acid (FA) composition and scanned from 400 to 2498 nm. Total saturated and unsaturated FA values ranged from 43.2 to 62.0% and 38.3 to 56.2%, respectively. Results of partial least squares (PLS) modeling shown reasonably accurate models were attained for total saturate content [standard error of performance ( SEP = 1.10%); coefficient of determination on the validation set ( r2 = 0.77)], palmitic ( SEP = 0.94%; r2 = 0.69), unsaturate ( SEP = 1.13%; r2 = 0.77), and oleic ( SEP = 0.97; r2 = 0.78). Prediction of other individual saturated and unsaturated FAs was less accurate with an r2 range of 0.10 to 0.53. However, the sum of individual predicted saturated and unsaturated FA was acceptable compared with the reference method ( SEP = 1.10 and 1.12%, respectively). This study shows that NIR can be used to predict accurately total fatty acids in M. Longissimus dorsi muscle.

Fatty Acid Composition of Nephtys incisa and Yoldia limatula

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Farrington ◽  
James G. Quinn ◽  
Wayne R. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Narragansett Bay ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Polluted Station

Samples of the infaunal invertebrates Nephtys incisa and Yoldia limatula from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, have been analyzed for their fatty acid distribution. Based on total fatty acids, Yoldia contains 9–16% of an acid tentatively identified as 22:2. The ratios of 18:1/18:0 and 18:1/20:1 fatty acids of Nephtys from a polluted station in the bay are lower than the corresponding ratios for animals from relatively clean areas.

A multigene approach secures hydroxy fatty acid production in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lunn ◽  
James G Wallis ◽  
John Browse
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Castor Seeds

Abstract A central goal of green chemistry is to produce industrially useful fatty acids in oilseed crops. Although genes encoding suitable fatty acid-modifying enzymes are available from more than a dozen wild species, progress has been limited because expression of these enzymes in transgenic plants produces only low yields of the desired products. For example, fatty acid hydroxylase 12 (FAH12) from castor (Ricinus communis) produces only 17% hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) when expressed in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), compared to 90% HFA in castor seeds. The transgenic plants also have reduced oil content and seed vigor. Here, we review experiments that have provided for steady increases HFA accumulation and oil content. This research has led to exciting new discoveries of enzymes and regulatory processes in the pathways of both seed oil synthesis and lipid metabolism in other parts of the plant. Recent investigations have revealed that HFA-accumulating seeds are unable to rapidly mobilize HFA- containing triacylglycerol (TAG) storage lipid after germination to provide carbon and energy for seedling development, resulting in reduced seedling establishment. These findings present a new opportunity to investigate a different, key area of lipid metabolism - the pathways of TAG lipolysis and β-oxidation in germinating seedlings.

Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in liver and muscle tissues of Okinawan long-spine porcupinefish (Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus 1758)

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Tashiro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Okinawa Island ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain

Purpose This study aimed to analyze the lipid content and fatty acid composition in the liver and muscle of a porcupinefish species inhabiting waters around the Ryukyu Islands to investigate their potential as a source of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Design/methodology/approach Porcupinefish were collected along the Okinawa Island coast. The composition of fatty acids and cholesterol in both liver and muscle were analyzed using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer. Findings The liver of Okinawan long-spine porcupinefish was rich in lipids whose content correlated to the proportion of liver/body weight. Fatty acid compositions in their liver and muscles were similar to each other. LC-PUFAs occupied 44% of total fatty acids, with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) being the dominant (42%), whereas eicosapentaenoic acid occupied 2.4%. The liver contained 1,690 mg of cholesterol and 14.8 g of DHA per 100 g, whose proportion decreased in summer compared to other seasons (p = 0.036). Originality/value The liver of Okinawan long-spine porcupinefish, which has not yet been commercially used although its non-toxicity is claimed, can be an excellent source of LC-PUFAs, especially DHA, accentuating its potential in food supplements’ production.

ACETATE METABOLISM IN EXPERIMENTAL KETOSIS OF GUINEA PIGS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Sterol Synthesis ◽  
Acetate Metabolism ◽  
Diabetic Ketosis ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Findings

Non-diabetic ketosis was produced experimentally in fasted pregnant guinea pigs. Total CO2output of ketotic animals was less than that of appropriate controls but there was no impairment in the conversion of acetate-1-C14to C14O2. Sterol synthesis increased in ketotic animals while fatty acid synthesis, particularly in carcass, showed the expected decrease. Ketosis was accompanied by an increase in plasma total fatty acids and in the fatty acid concentration of liver. The experimental findings support the hypothesis that ketosis is a manifestation of increased ketogenesis rather than impaired utilization of ketone bodies.

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