Water Deficit Irrigation Impacts on Antioxidant Metabolism Associated with Freezing Tolerance in Creeping Bentgrass

Soil water deficit impacts cold acclimation and freezing tolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.), but the mechanisms underlying have not been well understood. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation before and during cold acclimation on osmoprotectants, antioxidant metabolism, and freezing tolerance in creeping bentgrass. The grass was subjected to three-soil moisture levels: well-watered [100% container capacity (CC)], deficit irrigation induced-mild drought stress (60% CC), and severe drought stress (30% CC) for 35 days including 14 days at 24/20 °C (day/night) and then 21 days under cold acclimation treatment (2 °C) in growth chambers. Leaf proline and total soluble sugar (TSS) levels were higher in the grass under mild drought stress relative to that under severe drought stress. Superoxide (O2−·), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were higher in the grass under severe drought relative to that under well-watered and mild drought stress at day 35. Mild drought stress increased catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) activity, induced new isoforms and increased band intensities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, and POD during cold acclimation (days 14 to 35). No differences in osmoprotectants, antioxidant metabolism, and freezing tolerance were found between mild drought and well-watered treatments. The results of this study suggest deficit irrigation-induced mild drought stress in late fall and winter could induce accumulation of osmoprotectants and improve antioxidant metabolism, and freezing tolerance, but severe drought stress could reduce freezing tolerance of creeping bentgrass in the region with limited precipitation.

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Antioxidant defences in olive trees during drought stress: changes in activity of some antioxidant enzymes

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp04003 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 45 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Adriano Sofo ◽

Bartolomeo Dichio ◽

Cristos Xiloyannis ◽

Andrea Masia

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Active Oxygen Species ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Cellular Damage ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Antioxidant Defences ◽

Stress Changes ◽

Olive Trees

The effects of drought on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), indoleacetate oxidase (IAAox) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were studied in 2-year old Olea europaea L. (cv. ‘Coratina’) plants grown under high temperatures and irradiance levels and gradually subjected to a controlled water deficit. After 20 d without irrigation, mean predawn leaf water potential fell from –0.37 to –5.37 MPa, and decreases in net photosynthesis and transpiration occurred. The activities of SOD, APX, CAT and POD increased in relation to the severity of drought stress in both leaves and roots. In particular, a marked increase in APX activity was found in leaves of plants at severe drought stress. CAT activity increased during severe water deficit conditions in leaves and fine roots. The patterns of POD and IAA oxidase activity ran in parallel and showed increases in relation to the degree of drought. In contrast, PPO activity decreased during the progression of stress in all the tissues studied. The results show that the ability of olive trees to up-regulate the enzymatic antioxidant system might be an important attribute linked to drought tolerance. This could limit cellular damage caused by active oxygen species during water deficit.

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The Effect of Different Drought Stress on Antioxidant Enzymes and Lipid Peroxidation on Zoysia japonica

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5489 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 5489-5492

Author(s):

Zhong Lin Chen ◽

Su Nan Xu ◽

Yue Li ◽

Shi Xie ◽

Li Xia Fan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Zoysia Japonica ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Moderate Drought ◽

Mda Content ◽

Mild Drought

The objective of this study was to understand the effects of mild, moderate and severe drought stress on zoysiagrass(Zoysia japonica). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were investigated. Mild drought(60%-70% of field capacity), moderate drought(45%-55% of field capacity), and severe drought (25%-35% of field capacity) were remained for 16 days. A gradual increase was observed in SOD activity of Zoysiagrass from 1 to13 days of drought stress in all treatments. POD and CAT activity, and lipid peroxidation increased in all treatments, and maximum change was happened in severe drought group. Severe drought has more serious damage to Zoysia japonica than mild drought and moderate drough. This suggests that Zoysiagrass has excellent drought tolerance and its ability to survive in the drought environment is very strong.

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Modulation of Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Two Genotypes of Rosa Damascena Mill. By Nano Silicon Under in Vitro Drought Stress

10.21203/rs.3.rs-963900/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hanifeh Seyed Hajizadeh ◽

Sahar Azizi ◽

Farzad Rasouli ◽

Volkan Okatan

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Protein Content ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Membrane Stability ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Rosa Damascena ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Nano Silicon

Abstract Drought is a major abiotic stress that prevents plant growth and efficiency. Silicon increases drought tolerance by regulating the biosynthesis and acumulation of some osmolits.This study was conducted to modulate dought stress induced by Polyethylene glycol (PEG) in two genotypes of damasks by nano silicon dioxide (nSiO2). The experiment included three levels of nSiO2 (0, 50 and 100 mg L-1) and PEG (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g L-1) added to culture medium. Drought stress decreased protein content while Maragheh genotype under normal conditios and treating with 100 mg L-1 nSiO2 had the highest protein content. Under severe drought stress Maragheh genotype had stronger membrane stability index (MSI) than Kashan genotype and explants treated with 100 mg L-1 nSiO2 had the highest MSI in control plants. Contrary to the negative effects of drought, plants treated with 100 mg L−1 nSiO2 maintained more of their photosynthetic parameters in comparison with other treatments and showed higher amount of protein and proline in Maragheh rather than kashan genotype. Drought stress reduced the values of Fm, Fv/Fm, and Fv. In general, under drought stress, treatment with nSiO2 increased the mentioned characteristics before. It also improved water deficit tolerance through enhancing in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase while the amount of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide decreased. The results showed that Maragheh genotype may be more stronger in counter with water deficit by improving in water balance, antioxidant enzyme activities, and membrane stability.

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Phedimus Aizoon L. Responds to Drought Stress: Growth, Physiological Changes and Mechanism of Drought Resistance

10.21203/rs.3.rs-132688/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yuhang Liu ◽

Zhongqun He ◽

Yongdong Xie ◽

Lihong Su ◽

Ruijie Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Drought Resistance ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Moderate Drought ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Mda Content ◽

Maximum Water ◽

Mild Drought

Abstract A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the growth, physiological changes and mechanism of drought resistance of Phedimus aizoon L. under different levels of water content .CK: 75% ~ 80% of the MWHC (maximum water holding capacity), Mild drought: 55% ~ 60%, Moderate drought: 40% ~ 45%, Severe drought: 20% ~ 25%.We observed that the plants grew normally in the first two treatments, even the mild drought promoted the growth of the roots. In the last two treatments, drought stress had a significant negative effect on plant growth, at the same time, Phedimus aizoon L. also made positive physiological response to cope with the drought: The aboveground part of the plant (leaf, plant height, stem diameter) was smaller, the waxy layer of the leaves was thickened, the stomata of the leaves were closed during the day, and only a few stomata were opened at night, which proved that the dark reaction cycle metabolism mode of the plant was transformed from C3 cycle to CAM pathway. The activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD and CAT) was continuously increased to alleviate the damage caused by drought. To ensure the relative stability of osmotic potential, the contents of osmoregulation substances such as proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein and trehalose increased correspondingly. But plants have limited regulatory power, with aggravation of drought stress degree and extension of stress time, the MDA content and electrolyte leakage of leaves increased continuously. Observed under electron microscope,the morphology of chloroplast and mitochondria changed and the membrane structure was destroyed. The plant's photosynthetic and respiratory mechanisms are destroyed and the plant gradually die.

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Primed Acclimation of Papaya Increases Short-term Water Use But Does Not Confer Long-term Drought Tolerance

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci11600-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 441-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christopher Vincent ◽

Diane Rowland ◽

Bruce Schaffer

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Water Use ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Short Term ◽

Soil Water Tension

Primed acclimation (PA) is a regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategy designed to improve or maintain yield under subsequent drought stress. A previous study showed photosynthetic increases in papaya in response to a PA treatment. The present study was undertaken to test the duration of the PA effect when papaya plants were challenged with severe drought stress. Potted plants were stressed at 1, 2, and 3 months after conclusion of a PA treatment consisting of 3 weeks at soil water tension (SWT) of −20 kPa. Measurements included leaf gas exchange, root growth, and organ dry mass partitioning. PA did not reduce net CO2 assimilation (A) during the deficit period. At the end of the PA period, total dry matter accumulation per plant and for each organ was unaffected, but proportional dry matter partitioning to roots was favored. After resuming full irrigation, A increased and whole plant water use was more than doubled in PA-treated plants. However, water use and A of PA-treated plants decreased to reconverge with those of control plants by 6 weeks after the PA treatment. Over the course of the study, PA plants maintained lower stem height to stem diameter ratios, and shorter internode lengths. However, these changes did not improve photosynthetic response to any of the water-deficit treatments. We conclude that papaya exhibits some signs of stress memory, but that rapid short-term acclimation responses dominate papaya responses to soil water deficit.

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Drought Survival and Recuperative Ability of Bentgrass Species Associated with Changes in Abscisic Acid and Cytokinin Production

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.132.1.60 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 132 (1) ◽

pp. 60-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Michelle DaCosta ◽

Bingru Huang

Keyword(s):

Abscisic Acid ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Creeping Bentgrass ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Rapid Decline ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Cytokinin Content ◽

Drought Survival ◽

Aba Content

Abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins are two groups of plant hormones that play important roles in regulating plant responses to decreases in soil water availability. The primary objective for this study was to determine whether species variability in drought survival and recovery for colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillaris L.), creeping bentgrass (A. stolonifera L.), and velvet bentgrass (A. canina L.) were related to changes in ABA and cytokinin content. Plants of ‘Tiger II’ colonial bentgrass, ‘L-93’ creeping bentgrass, and ‘Greenwich’ velvet bentgrass were subjected to two soil moisture treatments: 1) well-watered controls, irrigated three times per week; and 2) drought, irrigation completely withheld for 16 days. For recovery, previously drought-stressed plants were rewatered and irrigated three times per week to evaluate the recovery potential for each species. Drought stress resulted in significant declines in turf quality (TQ), shoot extension rates, canopy net photosynthetic rate (Pn), daily evapotranspiration rate (ET), and cytokinin content, and significant increases in ABA content for all three bentgrass species. Velvet bentgrass exhibited less severe drought injury, as exhibited by higher TQ, Pn, and daily ET rate compared with colonial bentgrass and creeping bentgrass. Velvet bentgrass also had significantly less ABA accumulation, which could allow for continued gas exchange and sustained plant survival during drought stress compared with colonial bentgrass and creeping bentgrass. Upon rewatering after drought stress, colonial bentgrass exhibited more rapid recovery in turfgrass growth and water use compared with creeping bentgrass and velvet bentgrass. The higher recuperative ability of colonial bentgrass could be associated with its more rapid decline in ABA content and increases in cytokinin content compared with creeping bentgrass and velvet bentgrass.

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Freezing Tolerance and Cold Acclimation in Guava (Psidium guajava L.)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.44.5.1258 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 1258-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Wei Hao ◽

Rajeev Arora ◽

Anand K. Yadav ◽

Nirmal Joshee

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Cold Acclimation ◽

Freezing Tolerance ◽

Relative Water Content ◽

The United States ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Relative Water Content

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a tropical evergreen tree that tolerates a wide range of frost-free environments. In recent years, the American market demand for exotic and nutritious fruits, like guava, has been increasing, and, with a long harvest period, guava can be a potential alternative, high-value cash crop in the United States. However, the major limitation with commercializing guava cultivation in the United States is its low cold tolerance. In this article, we studied the physiology of freezing tolerance and cold acclimation in guava. Laboratory freeze–thaw tests (on leaves), shoot growth and leaf relative water content measurements, leaf anthocyanin content analyses, and leaf protein analyses were performed on nonacclimated and cold-acclimated guava cultivars Lucknow-49 and Ruby × Supreme. The leaf freezing tolerance (expressed as LT50 values) of nonacclimated tissues was ≈–2.5 °C and significantly enhanced to ≈–4.4 °C after an environmentally controlled cold acclimation regime for both cultivars. However, when compared based on actual injury sustained by leaves at various freezing temperatures in a freeze–thaw test, ‘Ruby × Supreme’ exhibited significantly less injury than ‘Lucknow-49’ at most temperatures. Growth and leaf relative water content reduced, whereas leaf anthocyanins accumulated during cold acclimation. Leaf protein analyses, which were performed after cold acclimation and drought stress, revealed that four proteins (69, 48, 23.5, and 17.4 kDa) accumulated in response to low temperatures, and two proteins (17.4 and 16 kDa) accumulated in response to drought stress. Antidehydrin immunoblots revealed that one common 17.4 kDa dehydrin accumulated in response to cold and drought stresses. Our data indicate that guava possesses leaf freezing tolerance, exhibits cold acclimation ability, and that ‘Ruby × Supreme’ leaves are relatively more freezing-tolerant than ‘Lucknow-49’ when compared up to –4 and –8 °C for nonacclimated and cold-acclimated tissues, respectively. Cold acclimation in guava appears to be a multifactorial process involving complex physiological and biochemical changes and also overlapping responses with drought stress.

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Foliar application of melatonin induces tolerance to drought stress in Moldavian balm plants (Dracocephalum moldavica) through regulating the antioxidant system

Folia Horticulturae ◽

10.2478/fhort-2018-0016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 155-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Rozita Kabiri ◽

Ali Hatami ◽

Hakimeh Oloumi ◽

Mehdi Naghizadeh ◽

Fatemeh Nasibi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Wide Range ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Relative Water ◽

Leaf Surface Area

Abstract Melatonin, as an indoleamine molecule, regulates a wide range of physiological functions during the growth, morphogenesis and response of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this research, the effect of exogenous application of melatonin (0 (distilled water), 50, 100 and 150 µM) to the leaves of Moldavian balm plants grown under different levels of drought stress (100% (control), 80%, 60% and 40% of field water capacity) was investigated. The results indicate that plants which were treated with 100 µM melatonin showed the greatest leaf surface area, lateral branching, flower length and activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase). Foliar application of 100 µM melatonin had no significant difference in catalase activity in comparison with the control and other concentrations of melatonin under normal, moderate and severe drought stress conditions. The lowest H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation (electrolyte leakage, concentrations of malondialdehyde and other aldehydes) were obtained at the concentration of 100 µM melatonin under severe drought stress. This concentration also significantly increased the chlorophyll content and enhanced the relative water content; however, foliar application of 100 µM melatonin had no significant effect on leaf length and proline content compared with the control under normal and stress conditions. The obtained results suggested that foliar application of 100 µM melatonin was more effective than the concentrations of 50 and 150 µM melatonin in reducing the adverse effects of moderate and severe drought stress.

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Osmotic Potential, Sucrose Level, and Activity of Sucrose Metabolic Enzymes in Tall Fescue in Response to Deficit Irrigation

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.135.6.506 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 135 (6) ◽

pp. 506-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Jinmin Fu ◽

Bingru Huang ◽

Jack Fry

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Water Content ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Osmotic Potential ◽

Deficit Irrigation ◽

Leaf Water ◽

Leaf Water Content ◽

Severe Drought ◽

The Impact ◽

Sucrose Level

Effects of deficit irrigation applied to home lawns, used as means of water conservation, are an important issue. However, the impact of deficit irrigation on sucrose metabolism in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is unknown and important because sucrose is the dominant form of carbohydrate transported to developing plant organs. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on leaf water content, osmotic potential (ψS), sucrose level, and the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14), sucrose synthase (SS; EC 2.4.1.13), and acid invertase (AI; EC 3.2.1.26) in tall fescue leaves. Sods of ‘Falcon II’ tall fescue were established in polyvinylchloride (PVC) tubes (10 cm diameter × 40 cm long) filled with a mixture of sand and fritted clay [9:1 (v:v)] and then placed in growth chambers. Reference evapotranspiration rate [ETo (millimeters of water per day)] was determined by weighing the PVC tubes containing well-watered turfgrass every 3 days to determine water loss on a daily basis as ETo. Deficit irrigation treatments were applied as follows: well-watered control, mild drought stress (60% ETo), and severe drought stress (20% ETo). Leaf water content was lower at 6, 12, and 20 days of treatment for the 20% ETo treatment and 20 days after treatment began for the 60% ETo treatment. Compared with the well-watered control, ψS was lower in the 60% ETo treatment on all three measurement dates. Sucrose was higher at 8 and 14 days after treatment began in the 60% ETo treatment and on all three measurement dates in the 20% ETo treatment relative to the well-watered control. No difference in sucrose level was observed between the 20% ETo and 60% ETo irrigation regimes at 8 and 14 days of treatment. Beginning 14 days after treatment, tall fescue had a higher level of SPS in the 60% ETo and 20% ETo treatments compared with the well-watered treatment. Tall fescue receiving 60% or 20% ETo had a lower level of AI activity on all measurement dates. Results suggest that the decrease in ψS was accompanied by higher sucrose levels, which were the result of the increased level of SPS and SS activity and a decline in AI activity.

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Effects of mild and severe drought stress on the biomass, phenolic compounds production and photochemical activity of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.

Acta agriculturae Slovenica ◽

10.14720/aas.2018.111.2.19 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 111 (2) ◽

pp. 463 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ghader HABIBI

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Compatible Solutes ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Photochemical Activity ◽

Leaf Biomass ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Mild Drought

In this study, the biomass, compatible solutes, PSII functioning and phenolic profiles of Aloe vera (<a title="Carl Linnaeus" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus">L.</a>) <a title="" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolaas_Laurens_Burman">Burm.f.</a> leaves were investigated at different time intervals after drought stress (20, 40 and 80 % of the field capacity). While the impaired ability of leaves for synthesis of assimilates caused growth inhibition in A. vera under severe drought stress, we observed that the content of proline, soluble sugars, total phenolic and flavonoids tended to increase in plants treated with mild drought stress. Under mild drought stress, the increased leaf thickness correlated with the higher productivity in terms of leaf biomass and gel production. Also, mild drought stress enhanced photochemical activity in Aloe leaves, and changed the entire quantity of secondary metabolite of vanillic acid produced, which may be considered to obtain better growth and considerable secondary metabolite of the medicinal Aloe plants treated with mild drought stress.

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