STAGES OF BIOFILMS FORMATION BY THE LEADING PATHOGENS IN CHILDREN WITH PYELONEPHRITIS ON CONGENITAL HYDRONEPHROSIS BACKGROUND DEPENDING ON CHILD’S AGE

The aim: to study the stages of primary and secondary biofilms formation by the leading pathogens in children with pyelonephritis on congenital hydronephrosis background depending on child’s age. Materials and methods. Venflons, catheters, urine were used as material for microbiological study. Identification of microorganisms was provided with MICRO-LA-TESTÒID kits. Isolates were tested for ability to form biofilms in Petri dishes with d=40 mm. The morphological structure of the biofilms was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Results: The study of structural and functional features of biofilms formation by leading pathogens of in children with pyelonephritis on congenital hydronephrosis background depending on child’s age revealed a number of features and patterns. In addition to the classical stages of biofilms formation as 3D structure there was found a dissemination of planktonic cells with the release of bacteria or loss of single fragments that spread throughout the body and attach to the substrate with the formation of a new or secondary biofilm. In children under 3 years it was shown that the cocci attachment to the substrate appeared faster than in gram-negative rods and had appearance of separate structures. The longest stage of primary biofilms formation in young children was the co-aggregation. Detecting an ability to colonize with the formation of a secondary biofilm in isolates established that the longest stage was re-adsorption and the shortest was re-aggregation, which lasted 2 hours in all detected pathogens. In middle-aged children, the duration of adhesion stage was reduced by 1-2 hours compared with it in young children. Conclusions. Scientific data about the stages of biofilms formation by microorganisms, causative agents of pyelonephritis in children was updated. Adhesion stage of isolates from elder children with pyelonephritis on background of congenital hydronephrosis underwent faster in the formation of secondary biofilms than in primary, and it formed the possibility for chronic process and the development of recurrences. The duration of each stage in biofilms formation by causative agents of pyelonephritis in children with congenital hydronephrosis depended on the age of the child and the properties of microorganisms

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Macroanatomical Structure of the Lumbosacral Plexus and its Branches in the Indigenous Duck

Bangladesh Veterinary Journal ◽

10.32856/bvj-2018.01 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (1-4) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MT Hussan ◽

MS Islam ◽

J Alam

Keyword(s):

Hind Limb ◽

Femoral Nerve ◽

Morphological Structure ◽

Spinal Nerve ◽

The Body ◽

Lumbar Plexus ◽

Lumbosacral Plexus ◽

Sacral Plexus ◽

Spinal Nerves ◽

Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

The present study was carried out to determine the morphological structure and the branches of the lumbosacral plexus in the indigenous duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus). Six mature indigenous ducks were used in this study. After administering an anesthetic to the birds, the body cavities were opened. The nerves of the lumbosacral plexus were dissected separately and photographed. The lumbosacral plexus consisted of lumbar and sacral plexus innervated to the hind limb. The lumbar plexus was formed by the union of three roots of spinal nerves that included last two and first sacral spinal nerve. Among three roots, second (middle) root was the highest in diameter and the last root was least in diameter. We noticed five branches of the lumbar plexus which included obturator, cutaneous femoral, saphenus, cranial coxal, and the femoral nerve. The six roots of spinal nerves, which contributed to form three trunks, formed the sacral plexus of duck. The three trunks united medial to the acetabular foramen and formed a compact, cylindrical bundle, the ischiatic nerve. The principal branches of the sacral plexus were the tibial and fibular nerves that together made up the ischiatic nerve. Other branches were the caudal coxal nerve, the caudal femoral cutaneous nerve and the muscular branches. This study was the first work on the lumbosacral plexus of duck and its results may serve as a basis for further investigation on this subject.

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A narrative overview of utilizing biomaterials to recapitulate the salient regenerative features of dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells

International Journal of Oral Science ◽

10.1038/s41368-021-00126-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sevda Pouraghaei Sevari ◽

Sahar Ansari ◽

Alireza Moshaverinia

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

3D Structure ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Clinical Practices ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Innovative Strategies ◽

Local Recruitment

AbstractTissue engineering approaches have emerged recently to circumvent many limitations associated with current clinical practices. This elegant approach utilizes a natural/synthetic biomaterial with optimized physiomechanical properties to serve as a vehicle for delivery of exogenous stem cells and bioactive factors or induce local recruitment of endogenous cells for in situ tissue regeneration. Inspired by the natural microenvironment, biomaterials could act as a biomimetic three-dimensional (3D) structure to help the cells establish their natural interactions. Such a strategy should not only employ a biocompatible biomaterial to induce new tissue formation but also benefit from an easily accessible and abundant source of stem cells with potent tissue regenerative potential. The human teeth and oral cavity harbor various populations of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with self-renewing and multilineage differentiation capabilities. In the current review article, we seek to highlight recent progress and future opportunities in dental MSC-mediated therapeutic strategies for tissue regeneration using two possible approaches, cell transplantation and cell homing. Altogether, this paper develops a general picture of current innovative strategies to employ dental-derived MSCs combined with biomaterials and bioactive factors for regenerating the lost or defective tissues and offers information regarding the available scientific data and possible applications.

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Autoinducer 2 Signaling via the Phosphotransferase FruA Drives Galactose Utilization by Streptococcus pneumoniae , Resulting in Hypervirulence

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.02269-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Claudia Trappetti ◽

Lauren J. McAllister ◽

Austen Chen ◽

Hui Wang ◽

Adrienne W. Paton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Quorum Sensing ◽

Capsular Polysaccharide ◽

The Body ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Phosphotransferase System ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Autoinducer 2 ◽

Leloir Pathway

ABSTRACT Communication between bacterial cells is crucial for the coordination of diverse cellular processes that facilitate environmental adaptation and, in the case of pathogenic species, virulence. This is achieved by the secretion and detection of small signaling molecules called autoinducers, a process termed quorum sensing. To date, the only signaling molecule recognized by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is autoinducer 2 (AI-2), synthesized by the metabolic enzyme LuxS ( S -ribosylhomocysteine lyase) as a by-product of the activated methyl cycle. Homologues of LuxS are ubiquitous in bacteria, suggesting a key role in interspecies, as well as intraspecies, communication. Gram-negative bacteria sense and respond to AI-2 via the Lsr ABC transporter system or by the LuxP/LuxQ phosphorelay system. However, homologues of these systems are absent from Gram-positive bacteria and the AI-2 receptor is unknown. Here we show that in the major human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae , sensing of exogenous AI-2 is dependent on FruA, a fructose-specific phosphoenolpyruvate-phosphotransferase system that is highly conserved in Gram-positive pathogens. Importantly, AI-2 signaling via FruA enables the bacterium to utilize galactose as a carbon source and upregulates the Leloir pathway, thereby leading to increased production of capsular polysaccharide and a hypervirulent phenotype. IMPORTANCE S. pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterium frequently carried asymptomatically in the human nasopharynx. However, in a proportion of cases, it can spread to other sites of the body, causing life-threatening diseases that translate into massive global morbidity and mortality. Our data show that AI-2 signaling via FruA promotes the transition of the pneumococcus from colonization to invasion by facilitating the utilization of galactose, the principal sugar available in the upper respiratory tract. AI-2-mediated upregulation of Leloir pathway enzymes results in increased production of capsular polysaccharide and hypervirulence in a murine intranasal challenge model. This identifies the highly conserved FruA phosphotransferase system as a target for new antimicrobials based on the disruption of this generic quorum-sensing system.

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Gram Positive Bacterial Lipoteichoic Acid Role in a Root Canal Infection – A Literature Review

Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology ◽

10.22207/jpam.15.2.29 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vinoo Subramaniam Ramachandran ◽

Mensudar Rathakrishnan ◽

Malathy Balaraman Ravindrran ◽

Alargarsamy Venkatesh ◽

Vidhya Shankari Shanmugasundaram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Immune Surveillance ◽

Lipoteichoic Acid ◽

The Body ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Cell Wall Components ◽

Root Canals ◽

Endodontic Infection ◽

Wall Components

Bacteria and its by-products are found to be the main cause of pulpal and periapical infection of tooth. Infected root canals of tooth harbours a wide variation of microbial flora that includes both Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Bacterial components such as Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of gram negative bacteria and Lipoteichoic Acid (LTA) of gram positive bacteria have the potential to enter the peri-apical tissue of tooth and initiate the inflammatory process. After microbial death that occurs either due to body’s defence cells or by antibiotic action, bacterial cell wall components such as LTA are released which can persist inside macrophages for prolonged periods causing chronic inflammation. Once these cell-wall components are recognized by the body immune surveillance cells, numerous inflammatory mediators are released leading to inflammation and subsequent pathological consequences. The purpose of this review is intend to summarize the role of gram positive bacterial component LTA in causing endodontic infection and use of potential therapeutic agents against LTA.

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Diagnostic significance of clinical and para-clinical signs of community-acquired pneumonia in children

Reports of Vinnytsia National Medical University ◽

10.31393/reports-vnmedical-2020-24(2)-08 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 244-249

Author(s):

V.Yu. Pasik

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

The Body ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Statistical Hypothesis ◽

Diagnostic Significance ◽

Operational Characteristics ◽

Gallbladder Dyskinesia

Annotation. Respiratory diseases are relevant in pediatric practice, which is associated with its widespread and frequent complications, especially in young children. The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic value of clinical symptoms, laboratory and ultra-sonographic parameters in pneumonia in children of the first 3 years of life. A retrospective study of medical records of 218 children who were hospitalized in the department for young children diagnosed with pneumonia for the period from 2016 to 2018. The average age of children was 11.67±9.97 months and it was within the range from 1 month to 3 years. The ration of boys and girls was practically identical (51.8% and 48.2% accordingly). The first group included children aged under one year (the average age is 4.57±0.84 months; n=88). The second group included children aged from 1 to 3 years (the average age is 18.2±4.25 months; n=130). To characterize the information content of clinical and laboratory symptoms the study has used objective parameters defined as the operational characteristics of tests. The most important operational characteristics of diagnostic methods included: sensitivity (Se, sensitivity) and specificity (Sp, specificity). To check the statistical hypothesis on differences of absolute and relative frequencies, fractions, and ratios in two independent samples, the criteria of хі-square (χ2) was used. While detailing an anamnesis, the disease was more often related to untimely treatment and outpatient care. Various data were obtained on the absolute and relative risk, as well as the sensitivity and specificity of the localization of pneumonia depending on age. Therefore, the incidence of bilateral pneumonia was considered an indicator of risk. On admission to hospital, the body temperature of patients was 38.2±0.66°С. Most of the complaints were on the unproductive or productive cough. Besides, in some cases, shortness of breath and runny nose were mentioned. Thus, in young children with pneumonia, a diagnostically significant clinical symptom is a bilateral lung impression (82.6%), compared with right-handed (15.1%) and left-handed (2.3%), which is significantly more common in children under 1-th year of life compared with patients 1–3 years; laboratory features are probably higher levels of liver-specific enzymes – ALT and AST in children under 1 year; ultrasonographic indicators associated with the presence of pneumonia in young children include increased liver size, gallbladder deformity, the presence of sediment in the gallbladder, dyskinesia of the biliary tract, thickening of the gallbladder wall; children under 1 year of age have a risk of liver enlargement and biliary dyskinesia.

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Current Pattern and Clinico-Bacteriological Profile of Healthcare Associated Infections (HAI) in an ICU Setting: An Observational Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-874099/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mradul Kumar Daga ◽

Govind Mawari ◽

Saman Wasi ◽

Naresh Kumar ◽

Udbhav Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Healthcare Facility ◽

Central Line ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Healthcare Associated Infections ◽

Acinetobacter Species ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Healthcare Associated

Abstract Objective To understand the pattern and types of healthcare associated infections (HAI) at our healthcare facility, and to determine the common causative agents and their antibiotic susceptibility profile. Methods One hundred consecutive patients diagnosed with HAI were enrolled and monitored; the causative organisms isolated on culture were recorded and their sensitivity profile was generated. Results Of the 100 patients diagnosed with HAI (mean age ± SD being 42 ± 17 years), there were a total of 110 hospital acquired infections with 10 patients having two infections each. Out of 100 patients with HAI, 69 patients had ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), 21 patients had catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) patients, and 20 patients had central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). There were 10 patients with both VAP and CAUTI. All of the HAIs were device associated. A total of 76 pathogens were isolated on culture. No organism was isolated in 40 HAI. Majority (94.7%) of the organisms isolated from HAIs were gram-negative bacteria and all were multidrug resistant. Seventy-seven of the enrolled patients expired while 23 were discharged from the hospital Conclusions Our study demonstrated that HAIs occur in patients of all age groups; younger patients are not spared. Majority of the HAIs were caused by multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria and were associated with high patient mortality. Acinetobacter species was the most common organism associated with HAI.

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Methodological Peculiarities of the Usage of Stretching Techniques in the Process of Flexibility Development

Physical education sport and health culture in modern society ◽

10.29038/2220-7481-2017-02-127-130 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 127-130

Author(s):

Oksana Romaniuk ◽

Bohdan Zadvornyi

Keyword(s):

Human Body ◽

Physiological Mechanism ◽

Semantic Content ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Physical Activities ◽

The Body ◽

Human Being ◽

Practical Application ◽

Stretching Exercises

The article is devoted to theoretical and methodological substantiations of the body flexibility development practically applying the stretching techniques. It was generalized scientific data on the organization and methodological features of stretching exercises. Semantic content and structural componential model of stretching usage in the process of flexibility development and the estimation of the changes of this characteristic according to the age were carried out. In particular, some parameters were highlighted especially which allow to recommend that methodology both for individual and group usage were analyzed. Besides, it was analyzed the diversity of physiological mechanism of the influence of stretching on human body, especially it was singled out the effect on mental and physical spheres of human being. The generalized scientific data on the theoretical and practical aspects of flexibility development with the help of stretching techniques indicate the priority of usage of this method in many types of physical activities irrespective of the scope of its practical application.

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ISOLASI, IDENTIFIKASI DAN KARAKTERISASI Vibrio spp. PATOGEN PENYEBAB VIBRIOSIS PADA KERAPU DI BALAI BUDIDAYA AIR PAYAU SITUBONDO

Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada ◽

10.22146/jfs.9053 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Kamiso Handoyo Nitimulyo ◽

Alim Isnansetyo ◽

Triyanto Triyanto ◽

Indah Istiqomah ◽

Muhammmad Murdjani

Keyword(s):

Intraperitoneal Injection ◽

The Body ◽

Total Length ◽

Specific Disease ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Development Center ◽

Aquaculture Development ◽

Vibrio Spp

This research was conducted to isolate, identify, and characterize pathogenic Vibrio spp., causative agents of vibriosis in grouper at Brackishwater Aquaculture Development Center (BADC), Situbondo. Twenty-nine isolates were isolated from wound, gills, eyes, liver, and ren of grouper with vibriosis on Thiosulphate Citrate Bile Sucrose Agar (TCBSA) medium. Koch Postulate Test was conducted to determine pathogenic Vibrio spp., by intraperitoneal injection to humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) (9-10 cm of total length) at 106 cells/fish in triplicates. Results indicated that the pathogenic Vibrio spp., causative agents of vibriosis in grouper at BADC, Situbondo were identified to be V. alginolyticus, V. anguillarum, V. metchnikovii, V. vulnificus, V. fluvialis, V. furnisii, and V. parahaemolyticus. Infection of the pathogenic Vibrio spp. caused acute mortality within 17-46 hours with specific disease signs like haemorhagic on fins (pinnae pectorales, pinnae abdominales, pinna analis) and also on the body. These results suggested that vibriosis should be monitored and controlled properly and quickly.

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PO-288 Research on Norm Construction and Evaluating Levels of 20-m Running in Preschool Children

Exercise Biochemistry Review ◽

10.14428/ebr.v1i5.13133 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Chuikun Li ◽

Xue Li ◽

Qiongjia Yuan ◽

Zheng Zhao ◽

Lan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Evaluation System ◽

The Body ◽

Kindergarten Children ◽

Test Results ◽

Mean Values ◽

Fitness Evaluation ◽

Percentile Method ◽

Significant Difference

Objective The study tested young children's 20-m running in Chengdu, analyzed of the characteristics of change in age and gender, to construct the norm and evaluation system of the 20-m running of young children and provide the basis for assessing children's sports ability and physical fitness. The results can used as one of the children's physical fitness evaluation content. Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to select kindergarten children in from 25 kindergartens in a district of Chengdu, and totally, 3089 children of 3-6 years old were tested．The best scores by two trials were used as the 20-m running performance. Results With the growth of the age, young children's 20 m running is gradually increased. There are significant differences in the mean values of boys and girls aged 3, 4, 5 and 6 (F = 228.696, F = 366.477, P < 0.01). Compared with boys and girls of the same age group, boys are superior to girls, and there is no significant difference between boys and girls aged 6 (F = 0.879, P > 0.05). The differences in other groups were statistically significant (F=0.138, F=0.204, F=0.133, P < 0.01). The percentile 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 values of the 20 m running of young children were recorded, respectively, and according to the statistical percentile method to divide the evaluation grade standards, the test results of the 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentage site test results were selected to develop the five-level rating system of children's 20 m running. Conclusions With the growth of the age, young children's 20 m running is gradually increased, and there are significant differences between groups. It is suggested that the flexibility of nervous processes, the coordination of the body, the flexibility of joints and muscles, and the strength and endurance of muscles are gradually enhanced in children. Constructed the norm and five-grade evaluation system of preschool children's 20 m running, and provided the basis for formulating the grade standard of preschool children's physique evaluation in the future.

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Structural features of the mesonephros of semianadromous fish on the example of the European smelt (Osmerus eperlanus)

Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems ◽

10.15421/022115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 96-102

Author(s):

E. A. Flerova

Keyword(s):

Plasma Cells ◽

General Scheme ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Structural Features ◽

The Body ◽

Leningrad Region ◽

Hematopoietic Tissue ◽

Functional Features ◽

Osmerus Eperlanus

At present, special attention is drawn to the study of the adaptation of aquatic organisms to a complex of environmental factors precisely at the cellular level. It is very important to study the structural and functional features of the kidney, which not only plays a key role in osmoregulation, but also makes a significant contribution to maintaining homeostasis at the level of functioning of a single nonspecific defense system of the body. In this aspect, the study of species belonging to a unique ancient group, united in the order salmoniformes, is highly relevant. Using the methods of light and electron microscopy, we investigated the morphology and ultrastructure of the mesonephros of the population of the semianadromous ecological form European smelt Osmerus eperlanus inhabiting the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea and performing spawning migrations in the Luga River of the Leningrad Region. The general scheme of the trunk kidney organization is given, the structural features and the ratio of leukocytes and structures of the smelt nephron are revealed. It is shown that the development of hematopoietic tissue in the mesonephros, the number of mature forms of granulocytes are systematic signs which do not depend on the ecology of the species. The ratio of leukocytes, the width of the cisterns of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of plasma cells, the structure and number of granules in granulocytes are associated with the peculiarities of the functioning of the cellular link of the immune system under certain conditions of the species habitat. The ultrafine structure of the ion-transporting interstitial cells, as well as the ultrastructural features found in the smelt nephron, can be considered cytological markers of smelt adaptation to a semianadromous lifestyle.

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