scholarly journals A Consolidated Method for Selective Isolation of Actinomycetes Based on Choice of Substrate

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
Deepika Tiwari ◽  
Shobha Shouche ◽  
Praveesh Bhati ◽  
Preeti Das
Keyword(s):  
Garden Soil ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonas ◽  
Integrated Method ◽  
Chemical Enrichment ◽  
Antifungal Antibiotics ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Actinomycetes are known as filamentous, Gram positive bacteria. They form the majority of the microbial load in various niches; soils, composts, etc. The study aimed to evaluate the method of isolating slow growing actinomycetes from four different sources: garden soil, cow dung manure compost, floral waste compost, and floral waste vermicompost. In this study, an integrated method consisting of physical and chemical pretreatment of the sample and the use of selective media was used to isolate actinomycetes. Physical treatment includes air drying, sun drying, dry heating in an oven, and moist heat treatment, whereas chemical treatment includes enrichment of the sample with CaCO3 followed by plating on actinomycetes-specific media with the incorporation of antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics. The actinomycetes count on the plate was reported in CFU/gm of dry wt. Morphological and microscopic characteristics of purified isolates were noted. The results were compared, and it was found that the pretreatment method of a particular sample depends on the choice of substrate. Overall, physical treatment followed by chemical enrichment showed relatively higher counts on the plate and better results. Here we also found the dominance of fluorescent Pseudomonas sp. in case samples from vermicompost. The study can be of great importance in isolating novel and rare genera of actinomycetes. These methods can help speed up the isolation and screening of novel actinomycetes which will ultimately be important for the discovery of antibiotics and other industrially vital bioactive compounds.

PENGARUH VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK DAN UMUR SIMPAN ROTI MANIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aulia Alfi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Life Analysis ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) adalah bahan alami yang memiliki sifat antimikroba (antivirus, antibakteri, dan antijamur). Sehingga VCO dapat memberikan efek pengawet pada bahan makanan, salah satunya adalah roti manis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh VCO terhadap karakteristik (fisik dan kimia) dan umur simpan roti manis. Roti manis dianalisis secara fisik (tekstur dan porositas) dan kimia (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, kadar protein, dan kandungan karbohidrat), dan analisis umur simpan dengan FFA, uji organoleptik dan jamur setiap dua hari selama delapan hari penyimpanan di suhu ruang. Variasi perlakuan roti manis adalah dari rasio konsentrasi VCO: margarin: mentega, K (0%: 8%: 8%); A (4%: 6%: 6%); B (8%: 4%: 4%), C (12%: 2%: 2%); D (16%: 0%: 0%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa VCO tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap karakteristik fisik dan karakteristik kimia roti manis. Namun, VCO berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar air roti manis yang dihasilkan, roti manis K memiliki kadar air tertinggi (22,36%) dan berbeda dengan sampel roti manis lainnya. VCO secara efektif menghambat pertumbuhan jamur di roti manis pada konsentrasi 8%, 12%, dan 16%. Roti manis K dan A memiliki masa simpan 4 hari, sedangkan roti manis B, C, dan D memiliki masa simpan 6 hari.Kata kunci: VCO, roti manis, karakteristik, umur simpanABSTRACTVirgin Coconut Oil (VCO) is a natural ingredient that has antimicrobial (antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal) properties. So that VCO can provide a preservative effect on food ingredients, one of which is sweet bread. This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of VCO on characteristics (physical and chemical) and shelf life of sweet bread. Sweet bread was analyzed physically (texture and porosity) and chemistry (moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content, and carbohydrate content), and shelf life analysis with FFA, organoleptic and mold tests every two days for eight days of storage at ambient temperature. Treatment variations of sweet breads is from the ratio of the concentration of VCO: margarine: butter, K (0%: 8%: 8%); A (4%: 6%: 6%); B (8%: 4%: 4%), C (12%: 2%: 2%); D (16%: 0%: 0%). The results showed that VCO did not have a significant effect on the physical characteristics and chemical characteristics of sweet bread. However, the VCO has a significant effect on the water content of the sweet bread produced, sweet bread K has the highest moisture content (22,36%) and it is different from other sweet bread samples. VCO effectively inhibits the growth of sweet bread mold at concentrations of 8%, 12%, and 16%. K and A sweet bread has a shelf life of 4 days, while sweet breads B, C, and D have a shelf life of 6 days.Keywords: VCO, sweet bread, characteristics, shelf life

scholarly journals Assessment of sustainable vermiconversion of water hyacinth by Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
N. Kannadasan ◽  
Nirmala Natarajan ◽  
N. Anbusaravanan ◽  
P. Sekar ◽  
R. Krishnamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Eichornia Crassipes

The present work has assessed sustainable vermiconversion of aquatic weed water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes). The garden soil, water hyacinth and cow dung were taken in the following the combinations of 1: 2 : 1, 2: 1: 1 and 1 : 1: 2. Two species of earthworms Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida was used for the experiment. The total nitrogen (0.18% in control and 1.68% in earthworm treated) and phosphate (0.63 % in control and 1.64 % in earthworm treated) levels were increased and toxic heavy metals zinc (7.66 ppm in control and 2.58 ppm in earthworm treated) and copper (6.68 ppm in control and 1.15 ppm in earthworm treated) were significantly decreased. The earthworm enriches the compost with various nutrients for plant and microbial growth. Plant growth studies were conducted in all the combination of water hyacinth, maximum growth of root length (8.9cm and 7.2 in control) and shoot length (21.6cm and 16.2 in control) observed compare to control. Gut microbial analysis revealed that Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus were predominantly present in the earthworm. The study recommended that the aquatic weed compost was suitable of agricultural usage.

scholarly journals PEMAKAIAN FLY-ASH SEBAGAI CEMENTITIOUS PADA BETON MUTU TINGGI DENGAN STEAM CURING (THE USE OF FLY-ASH AS CEMENTITIOUS ON HIGH-STRENGTH CONCRETE WITH STEAM CURING)

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Rommel ◽  
Yunan Rusdianto
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Steam Curing ◽  
Initial Strength ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Erwin Rommel1 & Yunan Rusdianto2Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah MalangAlamat Korespondensi :Jalan Raya Tlogomas 246 Malang 65144email : [email protected] HP 08123314432ABSTRACTThe use of fly-ash as cementitious will be made to utilize physical and chemical properties offly-ash that has a dominan of silica and good of modulus fines. The use of steam curing will be donein this study which can speed up the cycle of making concrete. This is advantageous in the productionof precast concrete and velocity field construction.The research was conducted by making concrete cube 15x15x15 cm for 80 pieces and thentested the compressive strength and absorption of concrete. Achieve the quality of concrete madewith the provision of K600 with giving the fly-ash respectively 7.5%, 15% and 30% by weight ofcement.The results of the research obtained by the use of fly-ash as much as 7.5% as a cementitiousthat was given to the steam curing will provide the initial strength of concrete reached 47% ofcompressive strength at 28 days. While the effect of giving fly-ash in concrete has not seen absorptionsignificantly when compared to concrete without fly-ash.Key word : concrete, fly-ash, steam curing

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity Studies of Mixed Ligand Metal Complexes of Some Dibasic Acid and Heterocyclic Bases

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Md Belayet Hossain ◽  
Md Nazmul Hassan ◽  
MA Yousuf ◽  
MA Salam
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mixed Ligand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Diphenic Acid ◽  
Hydroxy Quinoline ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Mixed ligand transition metal complexes of Cu(II), Co(III), Rh(III) and Pt(IV) ions with dibasic acids viz., diphenic acid and adipic acid as primary ligands and amine bases as secondary ligands have been synthesized. They were characterized by conventional physical and chemical analyses. The antibacterial and antifungal activities have been evaluated for the synthetic ligands. Disc diffusion methods were employed for antimicrobial assays against five pathogenic bacteria and two fungi. The complexes containing 8-hydroxy quinoline as secondary ligand were much more active than the other complexes. In addition, the complex [Rh(DA)(8-HQ)(H2O)2] (4) showed the highest antibacterial activity against all bacteria tested (where, DA = Diphenic acid, 8-HQ = 8-hydroxyquinoline) and the complex [Pt(A)2(Q)2] (3) showed the lowest. On the other hand, he highest inhibition of growth occurred by complex K[Cu(DA)(8-HQ)] (1) against the fungi Botryodiplodia theobromae and the lowest by complex [Rh(DA)(8-HQ)(H2 O)2] (4) against the fungi Colletotrichum gloesparioides. Key words: Biological activity, Diphenic acid, Heterocyclic amine, Mixed ligand complexes doi: 10.3329/dujps.v7i2.2170 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 7(2): 145-148, 2008 (December)

scholarly journals Physical and chemical characterization of a spring flood event, Bench Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.: evidence for water storage

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (150) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Prestrud Anderson ◽  
Katherine M.H. Fernald ◽  
Robert S. Anderson ◽  
Neil F. Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Spring Flood ◽  
Outlet Stream ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractPrevious studies of alpine glaciers have demonstrated that as water discharge increases through the summer, the predominant mode of subglacial drainage shifts from a distributed system to a more efficient conduit drainage system. We observed an early-melt-season speed-up and flood event lasting roughly 2 days in a small, uncomplicated Alaskan glacier that appears to have resulted from a sudden shift of the subglacial system in response to a significant accumulation of meltwater within the glacier. Calculated melt-water inputs exceeded discharge before the event; the implied change in storage over this 10 day period was equivalent to roughly 0.13 m averaged over the entire glacier bed. The pattern of discharge and suspended-sediment variations and the appearance of large ice chunks in the stream suggest that the speed-up occurred during a period of establishment of new subglacial conduits. A culminating flood and associated suspended-sediment pulse appear to have marked the final establishment of the new section of subglacial conduit. The flood ended the episode of high sliding velocity, but released water with high solute concentrations that reflect relatively long contact time with sediments. Discharge of stored water, inferred from high solute concentrations and lack of diurnal variation in discharge, continued for at least 3 days. While events such as this must recur through the melt season as the conduit system extends up-glacier and the locus of meltwater inputs shifts, their manifestations in the outlet stream will likely be more subdued later in the season.

scholarly journals Physical and chemical characterization of a spring flood event, Bench Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A.: evidence for water storage

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (150) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Prestrud Anderson ◽  
Katherine M.H. Fernald ◽  
Robert S. Anderson ◽  
Neil F. Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Flood Event ◽  
Spring Flood ◽  
Outlet Stream ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractPrevious studies of alpine glaciers have demonstrated that as water discharge increases through the summer, the predominant mode of subglacial drainage shifts from a distributed system to a more efficient conduit drainage system. We observed an early-melt-season speed-up and flood event lasting roughly 2 days in a small, uncomplicated Alaskan glacier that appears to have resulted from a sudden shift of the subglacial system in response to a significant accumulation of meltwater within the glacier. Calculated melt-water inputs exceeded discharge before the event; the implied change in storage over this 10 day period was equivalent to roughly 0.13 m averaged over the entire glacier bed. The pattern of discharge and suspended-sediment variations and the appearance of large ice chunks in the stream suggest that the speed-up occurred during a period of establishment of new subglacial conduits. A culminating flood and associated suspended-sediment pulse appear to have marked the final establishment of the new section of subglacial conduit. The flood ended the episode of high sliding velocity, but released water with high solute concentrations that reflect relatively long contact time with sediments. Discharge of stored water, inferred from high solute concentrations and lack of diurnal variation in discharge, continued for at least 3 days. While events such as this must recur through the melt season as the conduit system extends up-glacier and the locus of meltwater inputs shifts, their manifestations in the outlet stream will likely be more subdued later in the season.

scholarly journals Paroxysms at Stromboli Volcano (Italy): Source, Genesis and Dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Métrich ◽  
Antonella Bertagnini ◽  
Marco Pistolesi
Keyword(s):  
Magma Ascent ◽  
Explosive Eruptions ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Triggering Mechanisms ◽  
Magma Flux ◽  
Good Proxy ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Diffusion Profiles

Deciphering the triggering mechanisms of violent explosive activity is of broad interest for understanding the dynamics of basaltic open-vent volcanic systems. For nearly 1300 years Stromboli has been renowned not only for its continuous degassing activity and mild explosions at the summit craters, but also for short-lived, violent explosive events of variable scale, known as major explosions and paroxysms. Here, we focus on the 1456 and 1930 paroxysms and on the most recent events, in July and August 2019 at Stromboli. We show that shallow phenomena such as flank collapse, lava outpouring through fractures opening, or partial emptying of the shallow conduit, only speed up volatile-rich magma ascent by increasing the decompression rate, whereas pressurization of the crustal system and the deep refilling by magma and its CO2-rich gas phase play a major role in triggering paroxysms. Moreover, we present new data on the geochemistry of the 2019 bulk pumice, along with a compilation of data from the literature, chemical profiles in olivine crystals, and the physical parameters of explosive eruptions of wide ranging magnitude and intensity. For small and large paroxysms, timescales were derived from Fe–Mg diffusion profiles in olivine. In both types of explosion, the last phases of crystallization-diffusion indicate rapid magma ascent rates of two to ten days prior to eruption. Trace element concentrations (Nb, La and Ba) and ratios (Rb/Th) indicate that the 2019 pumice samples plot in the domain of magma batches erupted within the last 20 years at Stromboli. As a whole, there is no correlation between magma geochemistry and magnitude or intensity of explosive eruptions, which span a range of ∼3 orders of magnitude (from major explosions to large paroxysms) based on estimates of erupted tephra volumes. In contrast, olivine compositions are a good proxy for erupted tephra volumes and magma flux. The correlation among physical and chemical parameters, which is valid for the overall spectrum of eruptions, implies that the magmatic source ultimately controls eruptive dynamics.

The effects of physical treatment of barley and rapeseed meal in dairy cows given grass silage

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 ◽  
pp. 148-148
Author(s):  
P. Huhtanen ◽  
T. Heikkila
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Physical Treatments ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Ruminal Protein Degradability ◽  
Protein Degradability

It is well established that increasing the protein concentration of supplements increases milk yield in cows given grass silage-based diets. The responses are attributed to improved diet digestibility, increased silage dry matter (DM) intake and supply of amino acids from the small intestine. However, physical and chemical treatments of protein supplements used to decrease ruminal protein degradability have produced variable responses in animal production. Another alternative to increase amino acid supply is the processing of the grain supplements, which could affect both the energy availability and protein degradability in the rumen. Kassem et al. (1987) showed some improvements in milk production when barley was treated with a formaldehyde reagent. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of physical treatments to reduce ruminal protein degradability of barley and rapeseed meal (RSM) on milk production in cows fed grass silage ad libitum.

scholarly journals ISOLATION, SCREENING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCING ACTINOMYCETES FROM KAPULUPPADA PLASTIC WASTE DUMPING YARD, VISAKHAPATNAM

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Midhun Kumar Duddu ◽  
Girijasankar Guntuku
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Antibiotics ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Objective: To isolate, screen and characterize antibiotic producing actinomycetes from Kapuluppada plastic waste dumping yard, Visakhapatnam.Methods: A total of 12 soil samples were collected, serially diluted and spread on starch casein agar supplemented with Rifampicin and Cycloheximide for inhibition of bacteria and fungi, respectively. Cross-streak method was used to check the antagonistic activity of isolated actinomycetes against bacteria and fungi. Crude extracts from submerged state fermentation were used for the production of antimicrobial compounds. Agar well diffusion method was used for antimicrobial activity of crude extracts against test organisms. The isolates were characterized by morphological, physiological and biochemical methods.Results: A total of 110 actinomycete isolates were isolated from plastic waste dumping yard. All isolates had shown antimicrobial activity against one or more tested bacteria/fungi. The crude extract of the isolates PD66 (12.2 mm), PD85 (11.5 mm) were most active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, PD4 (14.1 mm), PD66 (15.6 mm) were active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, whereas the extracts of PD10 (19.2 mm), PD47 (19.8 mm), PD106 (19.1 mm) were active against Candida albicans, PD10 (14.6 mm), PD82 (15.7 mm) active against Saccharomyces cereviciae. The isolates had shown varying morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics.Conclusion: The actinomycetes isolated from Kapuluppada plastic waste dumping yard were found to be most promising microorganisms for the production of antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics. 

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