scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 on Global Healthcare Research and Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Autore ◽  
Santanu De
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Emergency Patient ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Levels Of Functioning

The Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected most nations at all levels of functioning, individual to governmental. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the effects the virus has had on one of the most important socioeconomic global sectors – healthcare. This comprehensive literature review explores key, recent research and management strategies that have been undertaken in healthcare systems around the world in order to make meaningful attempts at identifying the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment the disease, and combating the spread of this deadly virus. Healthcare facilities have implemented a variety of changes, all geared towards reducing non-emergency patient visits and preventing transmission of the infection; this includes shifting appointments to online modality via telecommunication use, altering remedial options and procedures, and developing more effective personal protective equipment (PPE). Efforts have also been made to define appropriate treatment methods as well as a potential cure for COVID-19; many vaccines and antiviral drugs are being designed or undergoing clinical testing, and symptom management approaches are being employed along with careful evaluation or recommendation of already available medications to counter the disease.

scholarly journals Impacts of COVID-19 on Global Healthcare Management and Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Stephanie Autore ◽  
Santanu De
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Emergency Patient ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Levels Of Functioning

The Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected most nations at all levels of functioning, individual to governmental. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the effects the virus has had on one of the most important socioeconomic global sectors, healthcare. This literature review explores key, recent research and management strategies that have been undertaken in healthcare systems around the world in order to make meaningful attempts at identifying the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease, and combating the spread of this deadly virus. Healthcare facilities have implemented a variety of changes, all geared towards reducing non-emergency patient visits and preventing transmission of the infection; this includes shifting appointments to online modality via telecommunication use, altering remedial options and procedures, and developing more effective personal protective equipment (PPE). Efforts have also been made to define appropriate treatment methods as well as a potential cure for COVID-19; many vaccines and antiviral drugs have been designed or are continuing to undergo clinical testing, and symptom management approaches are being employed along with careful evaluation or recommendation of already available medications to counter the disease. Our comprehensive analysis provides insights into prominent consequences as well as implications of COVID-19 in contemporary global healthcare research and management, and would help this crucial sector be better prepared for pandemics in the future. 

RESEARCH: Dry Heat Processing of Single-Use Respirators and Surgical Masks

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 410-416
Author(s):  
Joyce M. Hansen ◽  
Scott Weiss ◽  
Terra A. Kremer ◽  
Myrelis Aguilar ◽  
Gerald McDonnell
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Airborne Particles ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Surgical Masks ◽  
Single Use

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has challenged healthcare providers in maintaining the supply of critical personal protective equipment, including single-use respirators and surgical masks. Single-use respirators and surgical masks can reduce risks from the inhalation of airborne particles and microbial contamination. The recent high-volume demand for single-use respirators and surgical masks has resulted in many healthcare facilities considering processing to address critical shortages. The dry heat process of 80°C (176°F) for two hours (120 min) has been confirmed to be an appropriate method for single-use respirator and surgical mask processing.

COVID-19: The Importance of Adequate Personal Protective Equipment in Healthcare Medical Staff

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Weissenstein
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Emotional Resilience ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
And Control

We present an update on infection prevention and control for COVID-19 in healthcare settings. This update focuses on measures to be applied in settings with increasing community transmission, growing demand for concern about COVID-19 patients, and subsequent staffing issues in the event of shortages of personal protective equipment for healthcare facilities worldwide. The comfort and emotional resilience of health care workers are key components in maintaining essential health care services during the COVID-19 virus (coronavirus) outbreak.

scholarly journals Infection control practices and challenges in Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicentre cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 175717742110127
Author(s):  
Salma Abbas ◽  
Faisal Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
And Control

Background: Patient and staff safety at healthcare facilities during outbreaks hinges on a prompt infection prevention and control response. Physicians leading these programmes have encountered numerous obstacles during the pandemic. Aim/objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate infection prevention and control practices and explore the challenges in Pakistan during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study and administered a survey to physicians leading infection prevention and control programmes at 18 hospitals in Pakistan. Results: All participants implemented universal masking, limited the intake of patients and designated separate triage areas, wards and intensive care units for coronavirus disease 2019 patients at their hospitals. Eleven (61%) physicians reported personal protective equipment shortages. Staff at three (17%) hospitals worked without the appropriate personal protective equipment due to limited supplies. All participants felt overworked and 17 (94%) reported stress. Physicians identified the lack of negative pressure rooms, fear and anxiety among hospital staff, rapidly evolving guidelines, personal protective equipment shortages and opposition from hospital staff regarding the choice of recommended personal protective equipment as major challenges during the pandemic. Discussion: The results of this study highlight the challenges faced by physicians leading infection prevention and control programmes in Pakistan. It is essential to support infection prevention and control personnel and bridge the identified gaps to ensure patient and staff safety at healthcare facilities.

scholarly journals Preparedness and response of a tertiary hospital to the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria: challenges, opportunities and lessons

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darlington E Obaseki ◽  
Iriagbonse I Osaigbovo ◽  
Esohe O Ogboghodo ◽  
Omokhoa Adeleye ◽  
Obehi A Akoria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Individual Healthcare

Abstract Africa was the last continent to be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Much of the discourse on Africa's response captured in scientific journals revolves around nations, public health agencies and organizations, but little is documented about how individual healthcare facilities have fared. This article reports the challenges faced in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria, including space constraints, diagnostic challenges, shortages in personal protective equipment and health worker infections. The opportunities and strengths that aided the response are also highlighted. The lessons learned will be useful to similar facilities. More information about health facility response at various levels is needed to comprehensively assess Africa's response to the pandemic.

scholarly journals Controlling a Multicenter Outbreak Involving the New York/Japan Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusClone

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 845-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Coombs ◽  
H. Van Gessel ◽  
J. C. Pearson ◽  
M.-R. Godsell ◽  
F. G. O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Outbreak Management ◽  
Healthcare Facilities

Objective.To describe the control of an outbreak of infection and colonization with the New York/Japan methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) clone in multiple healthcare facilities, and to demonstrate the importance of making an MRSA management policy involving molecular typing of MRSA into a statewide public health responsibility.Setting.A range of healthcare facilities, including 2 metropolitan teaching hospitals and a regional hospital, as well as several community hospitals and long-term care facilities in a nonmetropolitan healthcare region.Interventions.A comprehensive, statewide MRSA epidemiological investigation and management policy.Results.In May 2005, there were 3 isolates referred to the Western Australian Gram-Positive Bacteria Typing and Research Unit that were identified as the New York/Japan MRSA clone, a pandemic MRSA clone with the ability to spread and replace existing clones in a region. Subsequent investigation identified 28 additional cases of infection and/or colonization dating from 2002 onward, including 1 involving a colonized healthcare worker (HCW) who had previously been hospitalized overseas. Of the 31 isolates detected, 25 were linked epidemiologically and via molecular typing to the isolate recovered from the colonized HCW. Four isolates appeared to have been introduced separately from overseas. Although the isolate from the single remaining case patient was genetically indistinct from the isolates that spread within Western Australia, no specific epidemiological link could be established. The application of standard outbreak management strategies reduced further spread.Conclusions.The elimination of the New/York Japan MRSA clone in a healthcare region demonstrates the importance of incorporating MRSA management policy into statewide public health programs. The mainstays of such programs should include a comprehensive and effective outbreak identification and management policy (including pre-employment screening of HCWs, where applicable) and MRSA clone identification by multilocus sequence typing.

scholarly journals Placenta accreta spectrum disorders—experience of management in a German tertiary perinatal centre

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Bluth ◽  
Axel Schindelhauer ◽  
Katharina Nitzsche ◽  
Pauline Wimberger ◽  
Cahit Birdir
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Placenta Accreta ◽  
Caesarean Section Rate ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Optimal Setting ◽  
Placenta Accreta Spectrum ◽  
Management Approaches

Abstract Purpose Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorders can cause major intrapartum haemorrhage. The optimal management approach is not yet defined. We analysed available cases from a tertiary perinatal centre to compare the outcome of different individual management strategies. Methods A monocentric retrospective analysis was performed in patients with clinically confirmed diagnosis of PAS between 07/2012 and 12/2019. Electronic patient and ultrasound databases were examined for perinatal findings, peripartum morbidity including blood loss and management approaches such as (1) vaginal delivery and curettage, (2) caesarean section with placental removal versus left in situ and (3) planned, immediate or delayed hysterectomy. Results 46 cases were identified with an incidence of 2.49 per 1000 births. Median diagnosis of placenta accreta (56%), increta (39%) or percreta (4%) was made in 35 weeks of gestation. Prenatal detection rate was 33% for all cases and 78% for placenta increta. 33% showed an association with placenta praevia, 41% with previous caesarean section and 52% with previous curettage. Caesarean section rate was 65% and hysterectomy rate 39%. In 9% of the cases, the placenta primarily remained in situ. 54% of patients required blood transfusion. Blood loss did not differ between cases with versus without prenatal diagnosis (p = 0.327). In known cases, an attempt to remove the placenta did not show impact on blood loss (p = 0.417). Conclusion PAS should be managed in an optimal setting and with a well-coordinated team. Experience with different approaches should be proven in prospective multicentre studies to prepare recommendations for expected and unexpected need for management.

scholarly journals Clinical Assessment and Management of Spondyloarthritides in the Middle East: A Multinational Investigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hammoudeh ◽  
Hanan Al Rayes ◽  
Adel Alawadhi ◽  
Kamel Gado ◽  
Khalid Shirazy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
East Region ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Middle East Region

Data on spondyloarthritis (SpA) from the Middle East are sparse and the management of these diseases in this area of the world faces a number of challenges, including the relevant resources to enable early diagnosis and referral and sufficient funds to aid the most appropriate treatment strategy. The objective was to report on the characteristics, disease burden, and treatment of SpA in the Middle East region and to highlight where management strategies could be improved, with the overall aim of achieving better patient outcomes. This multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study collected demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on 169 consecutive SpA patients at four centers (Egypt, Kuwait, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia). The data collected presents the average time from symptom onset to diagnosis along with the presence of comorbidities in the region and comparisons between treatment with NSAIDs and biologics. In the absence of regional registries of SpA patients, the data presented here provide a rare snapshot of the characteristics, disease burden, and treatment of these patients, highlighting the management challenges in the region.

scholarly journals Preserving Wildlife: An International Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Nadia Elizabeth Tapp
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Sport Hunting ◽  
Selection Of

PRESERVING Wildlife: An International Perspective is an anthology of twenty papers exploring the issues related to the preservation of wildlife, with an emphasis on related management approaches. This topic is introduced philosophically with a discussion of moral values associated with human activities. Sport hunting, the medical aid of injured wild animals and the manipulation of wildlife during ecological field studies are discussed within this context. The focus then shifts to a selection of wildlife management strategies including habitat protection, captive breeding, culling of non-native species, eco-tourism and marketing of wildlife products.

scholarly journals Management strategies of potentially resectable colorectal liver metastases in a cohort of Bangladeshi patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Hashim Rabbi ◽  
Md Mamunur Rashid ◽  
AHM Tanvir Ahmed ◽  
Mirza Shamsul Arefin ◽  
Sarder Rizwan Nayeem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Hepatic Resection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Intraoperative Ultrasound ◽  
Hepatic Metastases ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Colonic Resection ◽  
Stage Iv Disease ◽  
Management Approaches

Background: Colorectal cancer with liver metastases (CRLM) is stage IV disease. Only 60% patients present with palpable liver or a liver mass and at laparotomy 80% hepatic metastases can be detected. Synchronous CRLM (SCRRLM) is indicative of poor prognosis than metachronous (MCRLM) counterpart. Only 13-15% of SCLM are eligible for curative resection. Surgical intervention offers long term cure with overall survival in 37-58% patients. This study was designed to validate different approaches of management to patients with CRLM in Bangladeshi patients. Methods: In this prospective observational study, we observed different management approaches in 41 Bangladeshi individuals with CRLM from January 2010 to January 2018 in different tertiary care hospitals of Dhaka. They were thoroughly evaluated and prepared for surgical resection. After detection both synchronous and metachronous CRLM, patients were treated surgically with colonic resection and liver resection with simultaneous approach, lesion first approach, liver first approach. Intraoperative ultrasound was valuable in localization of liver lesions. Patients were followed up for a minimum 6 months to maximum period of 61 months. Results: The study included 41 patients between ages of 21 to 70 years, of them 22 (53.65%) males and 19 (46.34%) were female. Among them, 19 patients (46.34%) had synchronous lesion and 22 (53.66%) had metachronous lesion. Neoadjuvant therapy was given in 9 (21.95%) patients. All the patients received adjuvant therapy. Multiple metastetectomy was done in 31 (75.60%) patients. In our series, following margin negative hepatic resection,14 (34.14%) patients survived 3 years and 3(7.31 %) patients survived 5 years. Conclusion: CRLM signifies an advanced disease at presentation. Hepatic resection following resection of colorectal primary is curative. Simultaneous liver with colonic resection is safe and effective in cases of small hepatic metastases. Birdem Med J 2019; 9(3): 207-212

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