scholarly journals LEVEL OF SATISFACTION WITH COVID-19 VACCINE AFTER GETTING JABS AMONG THE GENERALPOPULATION IN GURGAON, HARYANA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 750-756
Author(s):  
Gyan Jyoti ◽  
◽  
Arun Kumar Yadav ◽  
Ritu Kumari ◽  
Ruma Coudhary Bhattacharjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Burden ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).To bring this pandemic to an end, only Vaccines are effective interventions that can reduce the high burden of this diseases globally.The purpose of the study to assess the level of satisfaction among the general population after getting the jab of covid -19 vaccine and regarding the vaccination services. A quantitative approach, cross sectional e- survey was conducted on 332 general population through snow ball sampling among general population of Gurgaonaged 18 years and above from 25th May 2021 to 30th July 2021. The result showed that 70.8% of general populationwere dissatisfied after getting the jab of COVID 19 vaccine. The results indicate a high rate of dissatisfaction after getting jab of the COVID-19 vaccine among general population. This result may vary with large sample size.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Race by Sex Intersectionality Research on Suicidality in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Shervin Assari ◽  
Shanika Boyce ◽  
Mohsen Bazargan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cronbach Alpha ◽  
Rich Data ◽  
Suicidal Ideas

Intersectional research on childhood suicidality requires studies with a reliable and valid measure of suicidality, as well as a large sample size that shows some variability of suicidality across sex by race intersectional groups. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the feasibility of intersectionality research on childhood suicidality in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. We specifically explored the reliability and validity of the measure, sample size, and variability of suicidality across sex by race intersectional groups. Methods: We used cross-sectional data (wave 1) from the ABCD study, which sampled 9013 non-Hispanic white (NHW) or non-Hispanic black (NHB) children between the ages of 9 and 10 between years 2016 and 2018. Four intersectional groups were built based on race and sex: NHW males (n = 3554), NHW females (n = 3158), NHB males (n = 1164), and NHB females (n = 1137). Outcome measure was the count of suicidality symptoms, reflecting all positive history and symptoms of suicidal ideas, plans, and attempts. To validate our measure, we tested the correlation between our suicidality measure and depression and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) sub-scores. Cronbach alpha was calculated for reliability across each intersectional group. We also compared groups for suicidality. Results: We observed some suicidality history in observed 3.2% (n = 101) of NHW females, 4.9% (n = 175) of NHW males, 5.4% (n = 61) of NHB females, and 5.8% (n = 68) of NHB males. Our measure’s reliability was acceptable in all race by sex groups (Cronbach alpha higher than .70+ in all intersectional groups). Our measure was valid in all intersectional groups, documented by a positive correlation with depression and CBCL sub-scores. We could successfully model suicidality across sex by race groups, using multivariable models. Conclusion: Given the high sample size, reliability, and validity of the suicidality measure, variability of suicidality, it is feasible to investigate correlates of suicidality across race by sex intersections in the ABCD study. We also found evidence of higher suicidality in NHB than NHW children in the ABCD study. The ABCD rich data in domains of social context, self-report, schools, parenting, psychopathology, personality, and brain imaging provides a unique opportunity to study intersectional differences in neural circuits associated with youth suicidality.

Validating the EUCS Model to Measure the Level of Satisfaction of Internet Users in Local Banks in Italy

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-81
Author(s):  
Rubens Pauluzzo ◽  
Enrico Fioravante Geretto
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Internet Banking ◽  
Online Banking ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Main Factors

In this study, the EUCS model has been used for measuring online banking user satisfaction in the local banking sector. The authors focused on Italian co-operative banks. The study involved the submission of a questionnaire to a sample of 600 retail consumers of small-sized co-operative banks. The model was tested with SEM techniques. The findings reinforce EUCS theory for internet banking satisfaction with large sample size, and provide evidence about the psychometric stability of the EUCS tool for measuring online banking user satisfaction in the local banking setting. The study will be useful to policy makers and banks to better understand why internet banking is not the favoured channel for service delivery in Italy and which are the main factors able to increase the acceptance of the online banking channel.

scholarly journals TINGKAT KECUKUPAN ZAT GIZI MAKRO DAN STATUS GIZI PASIEN TUBERKULOSIS DENGAN SPUTUM BTA (+) DAN SPUTUM BTA (–)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Rina Wasesa Aprilia Lazulfa ◽  
Bambang Wirjatmadi ◽  
Merryana Adriani
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Level Energy ◽  
Cross Sectional

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium t uberculosis germs. Germs in form of droplets spread through saliva splashes out when coughing, sneezing and talking then inhaled during breathing. The degree of sputum smear positivity of patients describe the increasing number of  tuberculosis bacteria in the lungs that could potentially transmit the infection. In general, patients with  tuberculosis have decreased appetite which impact on weight loss. This research was comparative observational analytic research using cross sectional approach with simple random sampling conducted at the Hospital Asy-Syaafi  Pamekasan with a sample size of 50 people. The results of Mann Whitney test showed a signifi cant difference in  adequacy level of energy (p= 0.026), carbohydrates (p = 0.000),  protein (p = 0.001), fat (p = 0.029) and nutritional status (p = 0.022) between the groups of  tuberculosis with sputum smear (+) and sputum smear (-). It was concluded that adequacy level (energy, p rotein, fat and carbohydrates) and nutrition status among respondents t uberculosis sputum smear (+) have signifi cant differences with the respondent t uberculosis sputum smear (-).

A Influência do Trabalho Noturno no Controlo da Diabetes: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Helena Alves ◽  
Tiago Alves ◽  
Ana Costa ◽  
Sidónia Pacheco ◽  
Germano Couto
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Occupational Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies

Helena Alves, Tiago Alves, Ana Costa, Sidónia Pacheco, Germano Couto Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with a high and growing prevalence, particularly among the younger population. The increase in disease among the active population can lead to a greater risk of incapacity for work and a high rate of absenteeism. Methods This study consists of an integrative literature review. After establishing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, four cross-sectional studies were selected. Results Although there is not enough evidence, there seems to be a trend towards higher blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic workers who do night work. Studies have shown that night workers have more cardiovascular risk factors, which can influence glycemic control and is in line with studies that associate night shift work with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, which consists of the junction of lipid alteration (decreased good cholesterol or HDL and increased triglycerides), increased blood pressure, abdominal obesity and altered blood glucose. Discussion / Conclusion There is a need to develop randomized controlled studies. However, more aggressive glycemic control in night workers can be important to avoid complications of the disease. There is a need to invest in diabetes prevention programs with workers in Occupational Health services and develop/ implement targeted and effective interventions to help workers better manage their disease, since the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the working age population continues to increase. It may be necessary to adapt the therapeutic and dietary regime to diabetic workers who work at night.

scholarly journals CYTOCHROME P450 CYP1B1*2 GENE AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH T2D IN TABUK POPULATION, NORTHWESTERN REGION OF SAUDI ARABIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Imadeldin Elfaki ◽  
Fahad M Almutairi ◽  
Rashid Mir ◽  
Roaid Khan ◽  
Faisel Abu-duhier
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Northwestern Region

Objective: Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is involved in the activation of procarcinogens and steroid metabolism. Genetic variants of CYP1B1are associated with altered catalytic activity and disease phenotypes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of CYP1B1 (rs1056827) polymorphism in inducing T2D.Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 113 subjects of T2D and 120 controls. DNA was isolated from blood. Genotyping of the rs1056827 wasdone by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. The frequency of alleles and genotype distribution was compared in T2D cases and healthy controls.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS, Chi-square, and Fisher exact test. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was tested by a χ2 test. The associations between rs1056827 variant genotypes and T2D were estimated by computing the odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) from univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results: A significant association of rs1056827 was found between T2D cases and controls (p<0.0001). When GG genotype was compared with GT genotype a significant association was found with odd ration (OD)0.24 (95% CI: (0.131–0.452) and risk ratio (RR) 0.45 (0.30–0.67) times the risk of T2D heterozygous with the G/T allele (p≤0.0002). In a comparison of GG homozygous with the TT homozygous, there was no significant association with the OD 0.38 (95% CI: (0.02–6.51) RR 0.55(0.13–2.35), p<0.49. When G allele was compared with the T allele a highly significant association with OD 0.54 (95% [CI]: (0.37–0.80) RR 0.75(0.630–0.897) < p≤0.003 suggesting a possible dominant effect of this polymorphism on T2D risk.Conclusion: This result suggests a significant association between rs1056827G>T polymorphism and T2D. This finding is limited due to the smaller sample size and can be validated by large sample size studies.

scholarly journals Inpatient Satisfaction and Effecting Factors: Findings from a Large Sample Size Cross Sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Gholami Fesharaki ◽  
Hesam Akbari ◽  
Hamed Akbari ◽  
Masome Mohammadian
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Large Sample

scholarly journals Role of presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19: evidence from Beijing, China

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-214635
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
David Muscatello ◽  
Yi Tian ◽  
Yanwei Chen ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Beijing China

BackgroundThe presymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been documented in limited clusters, and it is predicted through modelling. However, there is a lack of evidence from observations with a large sample size.MethodsWe used data from meticulous contact tracing of people exposed to cases of SARS-CoV-2 to estimate the proportion of cases that result from the presymptomatic transmission of the virus in Beijing during January 2020 and February 2020.ResultsThe results showed that presymptomatic transmission occurred in at least 15% of 100 secondary COVID-19 cases. The earliest presymptomatic contact event occurred 5 days prior to the index case’s onset of symptoms, and this occurred in two clusters.ConclusionsThe finding suggested that the contact tracing period should be earlier and highlighted the importance of preventing transmission opportunities well before the onset of symptoms.

scholarly journals Prevalence, characteristics and management of headache experienced by people with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder: a cross sectional cohort study

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Connaughton ◽  
Benedict Wand
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Complaint ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Specific Medication ◽  
Practice Care

Objectives: Headache is the most common type of pain reported by people with schizophrenia. This study aimed to establish prevalence, characteristics and management of these headaches. Methods: One hundred participants with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder completed a reliable and valid headache questionnaire. Two clinicians independently classified each headache as migraine, tension-type, cervicogenic or other. Results: The 12-month prevalence of headache (57%) was higher than the general population (46%) with no evidence of a relationship between psychiatric clinical characteristics and presence of headache. Prevalence of cervicogenic (5%) and migraine (18%) was comparable to the general population. Tension-type (16%) had a lower prevalence and 19% of participants experienced other headache. No one with migraine was prescribed migraine specific medication; no one with cervicogenic and tension-type received best-practice treatment. Conclusions: Headache is a common complaint in people with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder with most fitting recognised diagnostic criteria for which effective interventions are available. No one in this sample was receiving best-practice care for their headache.

scholarly journals Reconstructing heterogeneous pathogen interactions from co-occurrence data via statistical network inference

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Man ◽  
Elisa Benincà ◽  
Mirjam E Kretzschmar ◽  
Johannes A Bogaards
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Network Inference ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Unbiased Estimation ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Heterogeneous Interaction ◽  
Pathogen Strains

Infectious diseases often involve multiple pathogen species or multiple strains of the same pathogen. As such, knowledge of how different pathogen species or pathogen strains interact is key to understand and predict the outcome of interventions that target only a single pathogen or subset of strains involved in disease. While population-level data have been used to infer pathogen strain interactions, most previously used inference methods only consider uniform interactions between all strains, or focus on marginal interactions between pairs of strains (without correction for indirect interactions through other strains). Here, we evaluate whether statistical network inference could be useful for reconstructing heterogeneous interaction networks from cross-sectional surveys tracking co-occurrence of multi-strain pathogens. To this end, we applied a suite of network models to data simulating endemic infection states of pathogen strains. Satisfactory performance was demonstrated by unbiased estimation of interaction parameters for large sample size. Accurate reconstruction of networks may require regularization or penalizing for sample size. Of note, performance deteriorated in the presence of host heterogeneity, but this could be overcome by correcting for individual-level risk factors. Our work demonstrates how statistical network inference could prove useful for detecting pathogen interactions and may have implications beyond epidemiology.

scholarly journals Household Clusters of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection in Suzhou, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Lin Yao ◽  
Peijun Tang ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Binbin Gu ◽  
Ping Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emerging Virus ◽  
Transmission Capability ◽  
Index Cases ◽  
Substantial Morbidity ◽  
Close Contacts

Objectives. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging virus causing substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. We performed a cross-sectional investigation of SARS-CoV-2 clusters in Suzhou to determine the transmissibility of the virus among close contacts and to assess the demographic and clinical characteristics between index and secondary cases. Methods. We review the clustered patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections in Suzhou between 22 January and 29 February 2020. The demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between index and secondary cases. We calculated the basic reproduction number ( R 0 ) among close contacts with SLI model. Results. By 22 February, 87 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported, including 50 sporadic and 37 clustered cases, who were generated from 13 clusters. On admission, 5 (20.8%) out of 24 secondary cases were asymptomatic. The male ratio of index cases was significantly higher than that of secondary cases. Additionally, the index cases were more likely to have fever and increased CRP levels than the secondary cases. The R 0 values of clusters displayed a significantly declining trend over time for all clusters. The relative risk of infection in blood-related contacts of cases versus unrelated contacts was 1.60 for SARS-CoV-2 (95% CI: 0.42-2.95). Conclusions. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 has great person-to-person transmission capability among close contacts. The secondary cases are more prone to have mild symptoms than index cases. There is no increased RR of secondary infection in blood relatives versus unrelated contacts. The high rate of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections highlights the urgent need to enhance active case finding strategy for early detection of infectious patients.

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