scholarly journals LANGUAGE ABILITY, SPEECH COMPETENCE IN THE FORMAT OF NON- / NATURAL WRITTEN SPEECH (based on schoolchildren’s essays)

2016 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
L. O. Butakova
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Time ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Written Communication ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Cognitive Analysis ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
Written Speech

The paper shows the possibilities of psycholinguistic description of language ability and speech competence of native speakers, based on the analysis of schoolchildren’s essays. The author takes into account the changes that have taken place with native speakers associated with the early inclusion of children in the communication on a global scale in the Internet, changes in their leisure time, in Russian written communication in general. The paper demonstrates the structural, communicative, semantic, cognitive analysis of texts on the example of the 7th-grade students' essays on one topic. The author explains the resulting picture on the basis of the theory of speech activity, draws conclusions about the development of the cognitive mechanisms that provide for the formation of meanings, their transfer to the language units, selected depending on the communication objectives and compliance with the language convention (norm)

The language ability, speech competence, speech activity of Generation Z

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
L. O. Butakova
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Elderly Person ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
School Students ◽  
Conceptual Information ◽  
Association Tests ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Written Speech

The paper aims to demonstrate possible approaches to solving problems arising during comprehensive linguistic description of the language ability, speech competence, speech activity of Generation Z. This purpose was achieved with the help of evaluation of speech acts performed in the process of associating and in the course of spontaneous connected written speech activity. Material: the results of free and directed pair by association tests conducted by the author in 2010–2012, 2015–2016, 2019–2021. Additionally, essay texts about the topics «I and the world around me», «If it were not for computers and tablet computers», «My city» («What places in Omsk do I like to visit? Why? «), «Who do I want to resemble?», «An elderly person. What is he / she like?», «Old age. What is it like? «, «In my old age I will…», «Happiness… as I understand it» were used. The essays were written by school students of the 7th, 8th and 9th forms in 2005, 2010, 2015–2016, 2020. Methods: free and directed pair by association experiments, comprehensive text analysis. The latter enabled the author to define the following parameters: communicative (speech strategies and tactics, communication types), cognitive (actualisation of meanings and cognitive structures), semantic (word selection, distribution of object features, identification of predicates and so on), statistical (the number of words per sentence and sentences per text). The results of the study: specific features of speech actions during free and directed pair by association tests were determined. Additionally, the research revealed that Generation Z members use slang verbal and graphic signs; typical scenarios caused by certain cognitive fragments which are present in their linguistic consciousness prevail. Conclusions: I-to-subject communication is the key means for organising narration, and it dominates the communicative organisation of connected texts independent of the topic. Semantic text development is based on the form and contents of the title and virtually follows it in the reactive dialogical mode. Introductions and conclusions in the essays are reduced. At the informational level, conceptual information outweighs factual and directly develops the thesis implied in the title. The variety of semantic, conceptual, cognitive features of the texts is limited; the essays are devoid of conceptual multiple layers. The development level of teenagers’ discursive thinking, in particular, inadequate development of speech activity determines their mastering of the format of a cohesive speech piece. This is shown in organisational simplicity and insufficient text volume; cohesion is achieved with the help of lexical and syntactic repetition. In the process of written speech, the types of performed speech actions aimed to verbalise meanings are connected with the reproduction of cognitive scenarios (temporal, identification, existential) already formed in the mind. The mentioned scenarios are also manifested during free and directed by pair association in the experimental setting.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF COMMUNICATION IN THE ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN-SPEAKING INTERNET ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A. Sukhova ◽  
◽  
V Y. Shishkova ◽  
V V. Semina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Communication ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Written Communication ◽  
Direct Communication ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Internet Environment ◽  
Written Speech

This paper examines the differences between oral, direct communication, and written communication on the Internet. It describes ways that compensate for the lack of means of traditional oral communication in written speech, as well as ways of communication that are not available in oral speech.

scholarly journals Nominalization in TIV

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-26
Author(s):  
Stephen Shiaondo Ajim ◽  
Iorember Margaret N
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Structural Theory ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Intuitive Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Word Classes ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Linguistic Process

Nominalization is a linguistic process of deriving nouns from other word classes or linguistic units. Nominalization is evident in many languages of the world. The Tiv language also exhibits nominalization. This paper critically analyses nominalization in Tiv. The objectives of the paper are: to determine the processes through which nominalization takes place in the Tiv language, the extent to which the processes of nominalization are productive in the Tiv language, and the classes of words and linguistic units that are nominalized in Tiv. Data were sourced from the native speakers of Tiv using the researcher – participant technique. The researchers documented the lexical items used during the interaction, determine the basic components of the lexical items and the word classes such lexical items belonged to. The intuitive knowledge of the researchers as the native speakers of the language was harnessed. The secondary data were sourced from the already existing literatures such as textbooks, journals and the internet. The theory adopted in the paper is Hokett’s (1954) structural theory whose models are the Item-and-Process (I.P) and Item-and-Arrangement (I.P). It has been found out that the processes through which nominalization takes in the Tiv language are prefixation, prefixation plus some modifications, tonality and desententialization (sentence deconstruction). These processes are discovered to be very productive in nominalization in Tiv. It has also been found out that verbs roots and adjectives are the classes of words that are nominalized (lexical nominalization) in the Tiv language together with sentences (syntactic nominalization).

scholarly journals The Role of Native Language and the Fundamental Design of the Auditory System in Detecting Rhythm Changes

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Ordin ◽  
Leona Polyanskaya ◽  
David Maximiliano Gómez ◽  
Arthur G. Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Auditory System ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Rhythmic Pattern ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Regular Rhythm ◽  
Fundamental Design

Purpose We investigated whether rhythm discrimination is mainly driven by the native language of the listener or by the fundamental design of the human auditory system and universal cognitive mechanisms shared by all people irrespective of rhythmic patterns in their native language. Method In multiple experiments, we asked participants to listen to 2 continuous acoustic sequences and to determine whether their rhythms were the same or different (AX discrimination). Participants were native speakers of 4 languages with different rhythmic properties (Spanish, French, English, and German) to understand whether the predominant rhythmic patterns of a native language affect sensitivity, bias, and reaction time in detecting rhythmic changes in linguistic (Experiment 2) and in nonlinguistic (Experiments 1 and 2) acoustic sequences. We examined sensitivity and bias measures, as well as reaction times. We also computed Bayes factors in order to assess the effect of native language. Results All listeners performed better (i.e., responded faster and manifested higher sensitivity and accuracy) when detecting the presence or absence of a rhythm change when the 1st stimulus in an AX test pair exhibited regular rhythm (i.e., a syllable-timed rhythmic pattern) than when the 1st stimulus exhibited irregular rhythm (i.e., stress-timed rhythmic pattern). This result pattern was observed both on linguistic and nonlinguistic stimuli and was not modulated by the native language of the participant. Conclusion We conclude that rhythm change detection is a fundamental function of a processing system that relies on general auditory mechanisms and is not modulated by linguistic experience.

Developing Trust for Electronic Commerce

2011 ◽  
pp. 39-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Fink
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Information ◽  
The World ◽  
The Web

While much attention is currently being devoted to solving technological challenges of the Internet, for example increasing the bandwidth on existing narrowband network platforms to overcome bottlenecks, little attention appears to be given to the nontechnical aspects. This has been a mistake in the past as human resistance to, or incompetence during, the introduction of new Information Technology (IT) often caused Information Systems (IS) to fail. By focusing on a broad range of technical and nontechnical elements early in the adoption of Internet technology, we have the opportunity to avoid the mistakes made in the past. The Internet has given rise to electronic commerce (e-commerce) through the use of the World Wide Web (Web). E-commerce, by its nature, offers enormous possibilities but in an uncontrolled environment. Therefore, for e-commerce to be accepted, trust must be established as soon as interaction with a Web site begins. In the virtual environment of the Web trust has become even more important because the parties are not in physical proximity. There are no handshakes or body language to be observed when closing a deal. Furthermore, jurisdiction is unclear. Developments on a global scale are required that provide assurance that e-commerce can be conducted in a ‘trusting’ manner.

That’s hard

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Grammatical Form ◽  
Learner Performance ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Additive Regression ◽  
Opposite Tendency

Abstract Language learners are highly sensitive to statistical patterns in the input. When a target language provides the option to include or omit a grammatical form, learners have been shown to make decisions quite similar to native speakers. For example, learners opt to include or omit the complementizer that (as in I know (that) Steffi likes hot tea). This phenomenon has been explained in terms of a universal suite of cognitive mechanisms which support native and learner performance alike. Both learners and native speakers choose to include the complementizer when they are producing more complex or unexpected structures. The present study attempts to generalize these findings to another domain of “optional” grammatical markers, namely, relativizers (as in the hot tea (that) Steffi likes). I analyze all instances of optional relativizer use in a corpus of spontaneous learner speech produced by Spanish and German learners of English. Both of these languages have obligatory relativizers. A two-step generalized additive regression modeling technique (MuPDAR) that predicts learner choices based on native-speaker choices demonstrates that native speakers use greater shares of the relativizer in complex and disfluent environments, while learners show the exact opposite tendency: they prefer to drop the relativizer in complex and disfluent environments. These findings are discussed based on differences between complementizers and relativizers, and in terms of the limited universality of optional grammatical marking in learner speech.

scholarly journals Le rôle d’internet et de la télévision dans l’adaptation des réfugiés en France

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
Houssein Charmarkeh
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Somali Refugees ◽  
United Nations High Commissioner ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Technology And Communication ◽  
The Right

Le nombre de réfugiés dans le monde ne cesse d’augmenter. Le Haut commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés estime le nombre record de déplacés forcés en 2011 à 43,7 millions. En France, plus de 57 000 ont introduit une demande de protection à l’Office français de protection des réfugiés et apatrides. Les Somaliens constituent en France l’un des groupes en constante augmentation en raison de la crise humanitaire, politique et sécuritaire qui secoue leur pays. De nombreuses études ont été menées dans le cadre de l’accueil des réfugiés en France et de la fragilisation du droit d’asile. Les recherches s’intéressant à analyser les usages des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) tels que internet et la télévision par les réfugiés restent embryonnaires. Cette présente recherche tente de combler cet écart en contribuant à l’analyse des usages d’internet et de la télévision par les réfugiés Somaliens pendant leur installation en France. Abstract The number of refugees on a global scale is increasing. In fact, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees estimates that in 2011 there were 43.7 million forcibly displaced persons reaching a worldwide record. In France, more than 57 thousand persons applied for protection to the French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons. Somalis are among the refugee groups on the rise in France due to the humanitarian, political and security crises that shook their country. Numerous studies have been conducted in the context of the reception of refugees in France and the weakening of the right to asylum. This study aims to analyze the uses of Information Technology and Communication (ICT), in particular Internet and television, by refugees as such studies remains limited. This research study strives to fill this gap by contributing to the analysis of the usage of the Internet and television by Somali refugees during their settlement in France.

scholarly journals Social transformations of speech culture in information age

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 03081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Gudmanian ◽  
Liubov Drotianko ◽  
Sergiy Sydorenko ◽  
Oksana Zhuravliova ◽  
Sergiy Yahodzinskyi
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Human Communication

The paper looks at the major technological, sociocultural and linguistic factors that are changing the nature of interpersonal communication in the Information Age, and some manifestations of these changes. Rapid progress of technology, above all, the advent of the Internet, brought about dramatic changes in the modes and parameters of human communication over the recent decades. New types of written communication arose and have firmly established themselves on the global scale – in social networks, chats, blogs, forums and various Internet communities. Having created unprecedented possibilities for connecting with people irrespective of their location, age or social status, innovative technology is at the same time challenging standards of communication ethics and speech culture. Sociocultural transformations in the modern society, democratization of social relations contribute to weakening of speech norms and deterioration of overall speech culture, especially among young people. The increasing role of English as a language of global communication and its reputation of the dominant language of new technology and virtual reality are inevitably influencing speech habits of the Internet users across the globe. The combined work of all these factors results in visible deterioration of speech culture, standardization and simplification of speech, elimination of cultural specificity, tendency to replace expressive language means with emoji, downgrading of style, defying norms of spelling, word use and grammar. Obvious irreversibility of technological progress and the growing share of life people spend online call on specialists from various related fields to continue comprehensive analysis of transformations of speech culture in the modern world with the aim to assess societal risks and work out timely and adequate countermeasures.

Communicative Behavior of a Priest in the Situation of Consoling

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
И. Шалина ◽  
I. Shalina
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Competence ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
Communicative Strategies

The article describes the communicative behavior of a priest in the situation of consoling. The materials were taken from the Internet and from the conversations of Metropolitan Anthony (Surozhsky). The speech-activity approach allows to reveal speech formulas of consolation together with effective communicative strategies and tactics of the priest, and to interpret communicative failures. The ability to console is supposed to be an integral part of the communicative competence of everyone who bears Orthodox culture.

A Portable Mind Wave Monitor Headband Applied in Intellectual Disabled Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 1563-1569
Author(s):  
Zhuo Chen Ge ◽  
Ren Jun Liu ◽  
Ran Hao Lu ◽  
Cheng Fan Lin ◽  
Run Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Language Ability ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
3G Network ◽  
Testing Data ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
Low Self Control

A portable mind wave monitor which is a special made headband for intellectual disabled children is proposed. The headband could make the children easier to be understood by the teachers and researchers. The EEG (electroencephalogram-graph) sensor, live camera, microphone and a series of sensors is consisted in the headband. With the Wi-Fi or 3G network, the headband could connect to server though the internet at any time. The teachers and researchers can access on the website or apps on smartphone to manage the children daily testing data. Intellectual disable children always have low self-control ability, limited language ability and self-associated complications, and this system meets the special needs for the teachers and researchers. This headband enable teachers and parents have the same perspective as the intellectual disabled children.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document