scholarly journals Widows in a Traditional Family and the Don Cossack Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-292
Author(s):  
Marina A. Ryblova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Special Property ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
High Status ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

Based on the analysis of materials from the Don periodicals of the second half of the 19th century as well as data from field ethnographic studies of the late 20th — early 21th century collected in places of compact residence of the Don Cossacks, the article reveals the status and functions of widows in the Don Cossack community and family. The cardinal changes in the situation of widowed women in the family and community, in the economic and ceremonial spheres of life are shown, and the mechanisms for their adaptation to the new status are revealed. Features of the militarized way of life in the Don Cossack communities had an impact on the position of widows in the family and community. They determined their high status associated with the main social function — the guardians of the military glory of husbands. The special property rights of widows and their active participation in the life of the community, including Cossack self-government, were associated with this. The community secured widows’ rights to land allotment of the deceased husband and his property, defended the rights of the widow and her children, focusing not only on legislation, but also on customary law. In the Cossack milieu, there were also forms of psychological rehabilitation of widows: their inclusion in the ritual life of the family and community, support through the communities of odnosumy (fellow soldiers) and odnosumok (“female fellow soldiers”). These mechanisms enabled women who found themselves in difficult life situations to find a new place in society, opened opportunities for psychological rehabilitation, spiritual realization and continuation of an active social life.

scholarly journals KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN DALAM PEMBAGIAN WARIS BERDASARKAN PADA HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM ADAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Hidayat ◽  
M. Gary Gagarin Akbar ◽  
Deny Guntara
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Hereditary System ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
The Subject

Abstrak Pemberlakuan aturan mengenai kewarisan di Indonesia selama ini terjadi perdebatan antara para ahli hukum tentang status hukum Islam dan hukum adat.Berkaitan dengan permasalahan dalam hukum waris pada hukum Islam dan hukum Adat, maka perlu adanya kesesuaian bagi masyarakat yang akan mempergunakan masing-masing hukum tersebut dalam menyelesaian warisannya kepada sang ahli waris yang berhak. Ketentuan hukum Islam di Indonesia belum merupakan undang-undang (kodifikasi) haruslah sistematis dan prosedural, harus jelas siapa subyek dan obyeknya dan diundangkan oleh lembaga yang berwenang dalam negara. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana perbandingan dalam pembagian waris berdasarkan pada hukum islam dan hukum adat. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan metode pendekatan yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian yaitu Hukum waris Islam telah menempatkan atauran kewarisan dan hukum mengenai harta benda dengan sebaik-baiknya dan seadil-adilnya. Islam menetapkan hak milik seseorang atas harta, baik bagi laki-laki maupun perempuan seperti perpindahan hak milik dan perempuan pada waktu masih hidup atau perpindahan harta kepada ahli warisnya setelah ia meninggal dunia. Hukum waris adat berpangkal dari bentuk masyarakat dan sifat kekeluargaan yang terdapat di Indonesia menurut sistem keturunan, dan setiap sistem keturunan yang ada mempunyai kekhususan dalam hukum waris yang satu dengan yang lain berbeda-beda. Kata Kunci:Waris, Hukum Islam, Hukum Adat Abstract The enactment of the rules regarding inheritance in Indonesia has been a debate between legal experts about the status of Islamic law and customary law. In connection with problems in inheritance law in Islamic law and Customary law, it is necessary for the community to use each of these laws in complete the inheritance to the rightful heirs. The provisions of Islamic law in Indonesia are not yet laws (codification) must be systematic and procedural, it must be clear who the subject and object are and are promulgated by the authorized institutions in the country. The formulation of the problem in this study is how comparisons in inheritance distribution are based on Islamic law and customary law. This research method uses qualitative methods with an empirical juridical approach method. The results of the research, namely Islamic inheritance law has placed the inheritance and law regarding property as well as possible and as fair as fair. Islam establishes someone's property rights, both for men and women, such as the transfer of property rights and women while still alive or the transfer of property to his heirs after he dies. The customary inheritance law stems from the form of the community and the family character found in Indonesia according to the hereditary system, and each of the offspring systems that have specific inheritance laws is different from one another Keyword: Inheritance, Islamic Law, Customary Law

scholarly journals Tinjauan Yuridis Pelakasanaan Perkawinan Walian Tondo (Turunan Raja) Berdasarkan Hukum Adat Kulisusu Utara Kabupaten Buton Utara

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Laode Haniru
Keyword(s):  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Happy Family ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Husband And Wife

Marriage aims to form a happy family and everlasting. Marriage requires careful consideration in order to persevere in the long periods of time in a relationship as husband and wife. Indispensable attitude of tolerance and put yourself on the proper role. One example of such marriages, i.e. marriage down the bed. Marriage down bed (Walian tundra) frequently took place in the area of North Buton to the culture. Therefore, researchers are interested in writing a research on the status and validity of the marriage bed down according to customary law. (studies in North buton). In this study the author uses the method of normative legal research i.e. research approach the problems and legal norms in force. Legal norms that apply to that form of positive written legal norms such as the Constitution, laws, government regulations and so on. Research results show that implementation of the marriage walian tondro (down bunks) based on customary law Kulisusu Sub-district in Waode village of Buri North Kulisusu can occur if the following: a) the already existing agreement of husband and wife when the wife is still alive, that when I died (wife) then you (the husband) must be married with the sister of girs as a substitute for the mother of our children and this should be known to be mutually agreed by both parties in defense. In the sense that there must be a will from the wife. b) after it is accepted then the two sides will carry out walian tondro (mate's bed). C) Covenant of marriage anniversary match existing Covenant of marriage (islam). D) wedding reception. There are several reasons underlying the onset of mating walian tondro (down bed) so that the wife can provide replacements for descendants as the legitimate successor of the family.

scholarly journals “Family. Oh! The Family!” – Portrayals of Family as an Educational Environment in Selected Literary Works from the 19th And 20th Centuries

Pedagogika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Kamila Gandecka
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Polish Literature ◽  
The Family ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Scholarly Inquiry

The family, as the basic microstructure of social life, constitutes, at the very least by supposition, the first and foremost educational environment of a child; an environment which should correspond to the child’s natural needs, especially psychological ones, such as the need for love, unconditional acceptance, the need for respect and recognition, activity, independence, and self-realization [9]. This why M. Lukšienė states, “A good family home is the basis of human physical and spiritual life; it guarantees one’s efficient, creative activity”. The parents’ worldview plays an important role in education, providing an answer to the fundamental questions concerning our existence: Who am I? What sense does my life have? What is the goal of my life? What ideals and rules of action do I represent? What is the world and my place within it? Undoubtedly, a variety of factors affect the shaping of a young person’s worldview, among them school, religion, ideology, the level of social development, social organization, the particular historical period in which the person lives, as well as certain individual psychological predispositions. Nevertheless, parents have always played the pivotal role in the shaping of children’s worldview. Parents prepare their children for an independent life in society by teaching them values, norms, models of behavior, and cultural customs. In this way, parents fulfil their function as a microstructure, fulfilling aims that support the macrostructure. Beginning with the second half of the 19th century, the notion of the family becomes one of the main themes in Polish literature, appearing in the works of such authors as Bolesław Prus, Henryk Sienkiewicz, Eliza Orzeszkowa, Stefan Żeromski, Władysław Reymont, and Maria Konopnicka. Moreover, the literary representation of the family as an educational environment of a child is also often evoked in the theoretical musings of professionals in the field of education. Thse professionals include Helena Radlińska, Jerzy Ostrowski, Janusz Korczak, and Aleksandra Kamiński. In conclusion, the broadly defined notion of family is, without question, universal and timeless. As an area of scholarly inquiry, it requires an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses all possible perspectives.

scholarly journals Внутрисемейные взаимоотношения у башкир во второй половине XIX – начале XX в.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-258
Author(s):  
Rima N. Suleimanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Local History ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
The Family ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
Intra Family

Introduction. The article examines intra-family relations in Bashkir society in the mid-19th to early 20th centuries. Goals. The work aims at outlining the characteristics and new phenomena in Bashkir intra-family relations during the period under consideration. Materials and Methods. The main sources are archival documentary materials and published sources. The analysis of the source material, the assessment of events and phenomena were implemented through the principles of historicism, objectivity and scientific nature. The study employs such methods as comparative historical, problem-chronological, retrospective, logical ones, etc. Results. On the basis of unique sources, such as archival documents, published sources, works by famous Russian scientists, public figures and local historians, the paper provides insight into the family life of Bashkirs in this period — with due account of turning events in Russia’s social life and its actual phenomena. The latter initiated certain changes in this sphere and had a serious impact on intra-family relations, positions of family members. That especially affected the status of women which has also been highlighted in published scientific and local history works. Changes took place in the woman herself, in her self-awareness and behavior, radically different from the established norms. This is evidenced by the increased number of cases when women turned to the Orenburg Mohammedan Spiritual Association with requests for divorce, permission for a new marriage, with complaints against their husbands, as well as by the emergence of women’s societies which became first experience of their self-organization outside homes and that of social life. However, family was still dominated by man, and other members remained as humiliated and dependent. All this attests to the strength of traditional intra-family relations. Conclusions. During the period under review, Bashkir intra-family relations remained virtually unchanged. Nonetheless, the events that took place in the early 20th century in Russia’s social life resulted in that positions of family and its members became noticeably complicated and unstable. The position of woman in family was undergoing serious changes as well: it became different, like the traditional Bashkir society itself.

scholarly journals THE FAMILY LISTS OF RESIDENTS OF THE VILLAGE STAROOSETINSKOE AND NOVOOSETINSKOE AS HISTORICAL AND ETHNOGRAPHIC SOURCE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
И.-Б.Т. МАРЗОЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Central State ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
The Family ◽  
Christian Families ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
North Ossetia

В статье представлен документ, находящийся на хранении в фондах Центрального государственного исторического архива Грузии и относящийся ко времени поселения осетин на левом берегу реки Терек в районе крепости Моздок в начале XIX в. Основанные выходцами из Дигорского общества Северной Осетии два осетинских селения получили названия Староосетинское (Ерашти) и Новоосетинское (Масукау). В настоящее время это станицы Черноярская и Новосетинская Моздокского района РСО-Алания. Это один из самых ранних документов, касающийся заселения переселенцами-осетинами Моздокской равнины. Он представляет собой посемейные списки жителей указанных двух станиц, составленные в 1830 г. на основании сведений, собранных в 1818 г., и содержит ценнейший исторический и этнографический материал. Публикуемый документ впервые вводится в научный оборот. Целью настоящей работы является исследование числа семейств в обеих станицах, фамилиях и именах, составе семей, возрасте на момент переписи, социальном составе жителей этих селений, конфессиональной принадлежности, а также информация о военной службе переселенцев и их воинских званиях. Особый интерес для исследования представляют браки. Выявлены случаи межнациональных браков среди переселенцев-осетин, традиция многоженства. Богатые сведения этот список дает по ономастике. Отличительной особенностью приведенных в статье посемейных списков от аналогичных переписей населения в Осетии XIX – начала XХ вв. является то, что они содержат имена и фамилии женщин, их возраст, как в христианских семьях этих двух селений, так и в мусульманских. Материалы статьи существенно дополняют историю Северной Осетии в первой половине XIX века, а также способствует более глубокому и обновленному исследованию генеалогии переселенцев-осетин на Моздокскую равнину. This article presents a document stored in the funds of the Central State Historical Archive of Georgia and relating to the time of the Ossetian settlement on the left bank of the Terek River in the area of the Mozdok fortress at the beginning of the XIX century. Founded by immigrants from the Digor Society of North Ossetia, two Ossetian villages were named: Staroosetinskoe (Erashti) and Novoosetinskoe (Masukau). Currently, these are the villages: Chernoyarskaya and Novosetinskaya of Mozdok district of North Ossetia-Alania. This is one of the earliest documents concerning the settlement of the Mozdok Plain by the Ossetian settlers. It is a family-wide list of residents of these two villages, compiled in 1830 from information collected in 1818 and contains valuable historical and ethnographic material. This document of the Central State Historical Archive of Georgia was first put into scientific circulation. The aim of this work is to study the number of families in villages, surnames and names, family composition, age at the time of the census, the social composition of the inhabitants of these villages, religious affiliation, as well as information on the military service of the migrants and their military ranks. Of particular interest to the study are marriages. Cases of interethnic marriages among Ossetian immigrants, the tradition of polygamy have been identified. This list provides rich information on onomastics. A distinctive feature of the family lists given in the article from similar censuses in Ossetia of the 19th - early 20th centuries. is that they contain the names and surnames of women, their age, both in the Christian families of these two villages, and in Muslim. The materials of the article significantly supplement the history of North Ossetia in the first half of the 19th century, and also contribute to a deeper and more updated study of the genealogy of Ossetian settlers on the Mozdok Plain.

scholarly journals An ACCULTURATION OF THE APPLICATION OF INHERITANCE LAW IN THE SUNDANESE INDIGENOUS COMMUNITY OF WIWITAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Siti Nuraidah ◽  
Ani Yumarni ◽  
Nurwati
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Legal Subjects ◽  
Statutory Regulation ◽  
Legal Consequences

Indigenous peoples are legal subjects recognized for their traditional rights and other rights by the 1945 Constitution and other laws and regulations. Sunda Wiwitan is understood as the original Sundanese religion or early Sundanese which is the naming of the belief system used by people of Sundanese descent who still confirm the spiritual teachings of the Sundanese ancestors. Humans are legal subjects, bearers of rights and obligations from the moment of birth and end when humans die. From the event of a person's death, there are legal consequences, namely how to resolve the rights and obligations of the person's death which is regulated by inheritance law. This is an empirical juridical method or non-doctrinal study, looking at the validity of a statutory regulation and legal norm originating from religion, which lives and develops in a group of indigenous peoples. The purpose of this study was to determine and examine the acculturation of customary inheritance law and Islamic inheritance law in the Sunda Wiwitan community and to determine the form of application of Islamic inheritance law to the Sunda Wiwitan indigenous people in Kasepuhan Ciptagelar with Kampung Urug. The results show that the acculturation of the application of inheritance law to the Sunda Wiwitan community, Kasepuhan Ciptagelar and Kampung Urug regarding the application of Islamic inheritance law is that Islamic inheritance law is carried out by prioritizing deliberation and consensus in the family of the heirs of the Sunda Wiwitan Indigenous Peoples. followers of Islam. As for customary law, the Sunda Wiwitan people make it a norm and culture that is carried out in social life.

Working the System: Journeys through Corporate Culture in the ‘Railway Age’

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Revill
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Status ◽  
Meaning Of Work ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Status Occupation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Railway Workers ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the 19th century railway work was a high-status occupation; a strong sense of occupational community and identification with work was present within the industry. Railway companies were uncompromisingly modern large-scale bureaucratically organised corporations, developing extensive networks of lines, changing physical, social, and economic geographies, and producing new forms of administrative space, In this paper it is argued that for its workers, both as the immediate subjects and as the producers of new forms of spatial organisation, experience of the corporate geography of the railway was intrinsic to the meaning of work and the status of railway workers in society. The metaphorical relationship between the story and the journey made by de Certeau is used to trace the relationships between the large-scale public geography of the railway corporation and the intimate private geography of individual biography.

scholarly journals IDENTITY OF MODERN WOMAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-226
Author(s):  
Elena Y. Kleptsova ◽  
Lyudmila V. Makshantseva
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Women's Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
Psychological Features

Introduction. The problem of the psychological characteristics of the identity of a woman is discussed. The modern woman plays a significant role in the sociopolitical, economic, and social life of the country, makes a significant contribution to the upbringing of children in the family, and pays considerable attention to building its life trajectory and professional career. Cognitive activity, ambitiousness, autonomy, independence, striving for achievements – these and other qualities, in the patriarchal environment unacceptable for women, are becoming quite common today in the behavioral manifestations of women. The social roles of women today are undergoing significant changes, therefore issues related to women’s identity have recently been among the most discussed in society and science. The basic mechanisms for the formation of women’s identity within the framework of gender socialization are being comprehended. Materials and Methods. The cultural-historical and personal-activity approaches are considered as the theoretical and methodological strategy of the research, the female sample is the object of the research. The psychological features of the identity of modern women of different ages and the status of mainly small provincial cities of Russia are highlighted. Results. The results of an empirical study of a female sample of identity features of women living in the province are proposed. Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed provisions and conclusions create prerequisites for further study and understanding of the phenomenon of female identity in the methodological, substantive, procedural, and organizational plans.

scholarly journals THE POSITION OF MULIH DAHA WOMEN IN INSTRUCTION AFTER DIVORCE IN PENARUNGAN VILLAGE, BADUNG, BALI

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
Putu Emma Viryasari ◽  
I Nyoman Sujana ◽  
Putu Ayu Sriasih Wesna
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Kinship System ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Hindu Community ◽  
The Right

The Balinese customary law community recognizes kepurusa system; the status of boys is steady, while the status of girls changes, because women after marriage follow their husbands. On that basis, daughters in kepurusa system are never traced or taken into account in inheritance. The purpose of this study is to examine the legal status and the legal position of mulih daha woman in Penarungan Village, Mengwi, Badung, Bali. The method used in this study is an empirical method. Furthermore, this study was carried out by means of field studies, namely by conducting field observations and interviews with respondents and informants. Based on the analysis, the results of this study showed that the legal status of mulih daha woman is received through a procedure with acceptance by the family on a scale and a niskala ceremony is carried out, namely arranging piuning or notification to the ancestral gods that with a divorce from her husband, her daughter has returned to her parents and ask to be accepted back as a damuh or part of her parents' ancestral family so that she can be held accountable again one day when the woman experiences something related to banjar. The legal position of mulih daha women in inheritance is related to the kinship system adopted by the Hindu community in Bali, namely the patrilineal system (fatherhood) where only boys have the right to inherit while girls have no right to inherit but girls can only enjoy the property.  

scholarly journals Social identity of young women from countryside: The example of the village Dudovica - case study

Temida ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Suzana Ivanovic
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Village

The paper analyses the status, role and identity of young countryside women and their impact on the family and organization of a social life in a village Dudovica. Findings of the survey carried out during 2003 are presented. Understanding the specific social and private life from an angle of young countryside women was the basic aim of this case study. The results are compared with the findings of the survey conducted earlier by Maja Korac. The survey findings show that traditional identity pattern is not predominant, although it still exists together with traditional values and preferences and is in the process of transformation. Young women are not marginalized in their personal and social life, but have public, private and family life, which is partly a result of their higher educational and economic level and certain independence, which was not the case fifteen years ago.

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