Polymeric Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 649-660
Author(s):  
Subashini Raman ◽  
Syed Mahmood ◽  
Ayah R. Hilles ◽  
Md Noushad Javed ◽  
Motia Azmana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Surface Modification ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticle ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Background: Blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a most hindering role in drug delivery to the brain. Recent research comes out with the nanoparticles approach, is continuously working towards improving the delivery to the brain. Currently, polymeric nanoparticle is extensively involved in many therapies for spatial and temporal targeted areas delivery. Methods: We did a non-systematic review, and the literature was searched in Google, Science Direct and PubMed. An overview is provided for the formulation of polymeric nanoparticles using different methods, effect of surface modification on the nanoparticle properties with types of polymeric nanoparticles and preparation methods. An account of different nanomedicine employed with therapeutic agent to cross the BBB alone with biodistribution of the drugs. Results: We found that various types of polymeric nanoparticle systems are available and they prosper in delivering the therapeutic amount of the drug to the targeted area. The effect of physicochemical properties on nanoformulation includes change in their size, shape, elasticity, surface charge and hydrophobicity. Surface modification of polymers or nanocarriers is also vital in the formulation of nanoparticles to enhance targeting efficiency to the brain. Conclusion: More standardized methods for the preparation of nanoparticles and to assess the relationship of surface modification on drug delivery. While the preparation and its output like drug loading, particle size, and charge, permeation is always conflicted, so it requires more attention for the acceptance of nanoparticles for brain delivery.

Current Nanoparticle Approaches in Nose to Brain Drug Delivery and Anticancer Therapy - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1128-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Ansari ◽  
Ill-Min Chung ◽  
Govindasamy Rajakumar ◽  
Mohammad A. Alzohairy ◽  
Mohammad N. Alomary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

: Nanoparticles (NPs) are unique may be organic or inorganic, play a vital role in the development of drug delivery targeting the central nervous system (CNS). Intranasal drug delivery has shown to be an efficient strategy with attractive application for drug delivery to the CNS related diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer 's disease and brain solid tumors. Blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers are natural protective hindrances for entry of drug molecules into the CNS. Nanoparticles exhibit excellent intruding capacity for therapeutic agents and overcome protective barriers. By using nanotechnology based NPs targeted, drug delivery can be improved across BBB with discharge drugs in a controlled manner. NPs confer safe from degradation phenomenon. Several kinds of NPs are used for nose to the brain (N2B) enroute, such as lipidemic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, inorganic NPs, solid lipid NPs, dendrimers. Among them, popular lipidemic and polymeric NPs are discussed, and their participation in anti-cancer activity has also been highlighted in this review.

scholarly journals Technology Overview and Current Biomedical Application of Polymeric Nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 285-295
Author(s):  
Gurpreet Singh ◽  
Abdul Faruk ◽  
Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticle ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Dialysis Method ◽  
Novel Drug ◽  
Current Potential

Polymeric nanoparticle are of great importance in the treatment of various diseases, due to the flexibility in the  modification of their structures. Recent advances in the field of nanotechnology facilitate the engineering of multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles. All the scientific efforts of the pharmaceuticals companies are mainly focusing on two basic aspects, one is to discover new molecules of potential therapeutic interest and second is to develop of a new drug delivery system. In the last few decades,  research and development (R&D) scientists has directed their efforts toward formulating novel drug delivery systems that includes sustained and controlled release, modified release and targeted drug release dosage forms. Application of nanoscience and nanotechnology has opened several new possibilities in development of formulation This review compiles the different preparation methods of polymeric nanoparticles and then briefly explained their current potential applications. Keywords: Polymeric nanoparticles, PLGA, Biomedical applications, Biodegradable, Dialysis method

Brain Drug Delivery: Overcoming the Blood-brain Barrier to Treat Tauopathies

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 1448-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Hanes ◽  
Eva Dobakova ◽  
Petra Majerova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
The Brain

Tauopathies are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the deposition of abnormal tau protein in the brain. The application of potentially effective therapeutics for their successful treatment is hampered by the presence of a naturally occurring brain protection layer called the blood-brain barrier (BBB). BBB represents one of the biggest challenges in the development of therapeutics for central nervous system (CNS) disorders, where sufficient BBB penetration is inevitable. BBB is a heavily restricting barrier regulating the movement of molecules, ions, and cells between the blood and the CNS to secure proper neuronal function and protect the CNS from dangerous substances and processes. Yet, these natural functions possessed by BBB represent a great hurdle for brain drug delivery. This review is concentrated on summarizing the available methods and approaches for effective therapeutics’ delivery through the BBB to treat neurodegenerative disorders with a focus on tauopathies. It describes the traditional approaches but also new nanotechnology strategies emerging with advanced medical techniques. Their limitations and benefits are discussed.

scholarly journals The relationship of morphometric changes of the brain with IL-6 levels, systemic inflammation and immune disturbances in the patients with schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 553-559
Author(s):  
Irina K. Malashenkova ◽  
Vadim L. Ushakov ◽  
Sergey A. Krynskiy ◽  
Daniil P. Ogurtsov ◽  
Nikita A. Khailov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals A review of nanotechnology with an emphasis on Nanoplex

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
Rupali Nanasaheb Kadam ◽  
Raosaheb Sopanrao Shendge ◽  
Vishal Vijay Pande
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Anionic Drugs ◽  
Oppositely Charged ◽  
The Brain

<p>The use of nanotechnology based on the development and fabrication of nanostructures is one approach that has been employed to overcome the challenges involved with conventional drug delivery systems. Formulating Nanoplex is the new trend in nanotechnology. A nanoplex is a complex formed by a drug nanoparticle with an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte. Both cationic and anionic drugs form complexes with oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Compared with other nanostructures, the yield of Nanoplex is greater and the complexation efficiency is better. Nanoplex are also easier to prepare. Nanoplex formulation is characterized through the production yield, complexation efficiency, drug loading, particle size and zeta potential using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction and dialysis studies. Nanoplex have wide-ranging applications in different fields such as cancer therapy, gene drug delivery, drug delivery to the brain and protein and peptide drug delivery.</p>

Chronic stress and brain-derived neurotrophic factor

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
A. V. DUBOVAYA ◽  
◽  
S. Ya. IAROSHENKO ◽  
O. A. PRILUTSKAYA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Transmission Information ◽  
Class Representative

The article discusses the influence of stress on the development of nervous tissue, in particular, on the synthesis of neurotrophins (by the example of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as the most studied class representative). The biological functions of BDNF are discussed as well as its influence on neuroplasticity and the mechanisms by which the protection of neurons is carried out. The article covers the relationship of the stress-implementing system (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) and its main active agent (cortisol) with the BDNF synthesis system at its various levels: from the inhibition of mRNA formation to the mechanisms of postsynaptic signal transmission. Information is also provided on changes of BDNF levels due to the maternal deprivation. Epigenetic changes under the influence of glucocorticoids are also reported. However, it is not only glucocorticoids that alter the functioning of the neurotrophin system. The article provides examples of the reverse effect, enabling to consider neurotrophins as a substance with an anti-stress function. In conclusion, the authors give examples of activities that, according to research, can stimulate the synthesis of neurotrophic factor in the brain.

Intake of Anti-Epileptic Drugs and their Influences on Sexual Dysfunctions

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roheela Yasmeen ◽  
Nida Mobeen ◽  
Muhammad Amjad Khan ◽  
Irfan Aslam ◽  
Samia Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Penile Erection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Epilepsy which is also called seizures disorder is an uncontrolled action of the central nervous system. Itis not a single disease but a set of neurological disorders. Actually in this situation, the brain does notreceive a precise signal and as a result an abnormal condition is produced that is usually involuntary inaction. In this review, we aimed to focus on the relationship of anti-epileptic drugs with sexual dysfunctionand adaptation of better remedies that improve a patient’s family life. Sexual dysfunction is a commoncomorbidity in people with epilepsy which badly affects their quality of life. Sexual dysfunction is causedby different factors like psychiatric problems, anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) and social factors etc. Sexualdysfunctions include ejaculatory failure, lessen libido, penile erection in men and irregular menstrual cyclein women. Common drugs such as Topiramate, Gabapentin (GBP), Valproate (VA), Carbamazepine (CBZ),Olanzapine (OL) and Risperidone (RTG) that are in practice to treat epilepsy usually produced adverseeffect on sexual dysfunction. Even though a lot of studies have been carried out to control sexualdysfunction in epilepsy’s patient, but still research is going on. Medicine such as Cyproheptadine,Mianserin, Buspirone, Yohimbine were found better to treat epilepsy with minimum side effects of sexualdysfunction. Moreover, it is also seen that certain vasodilators, folate , and vitamin supplements areeffective in improving the quality of life.

scholarly journals Chitosan/poly(lactic-co-glycolic)acid Nanoparticle Formulations with Finely-Tuned Size Distributions for Enhanced Mucoadhesion

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Feipeng Yang ◽  
Maleen Cabe ◽  
Hope A. Nowak ◽  
Kelly A. Langert
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Intranasal Delivery ◽  
Brain Drug Delivery ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Formulation Parameters

Non-parenteral drug delivery systems using biomaterials have advantages over traditional parenteral strategies. For ocular and intranasal delivery, nanoparticulate systems must bind to and permeate through mucosal epithelium and other biological barriers. The incorporation of mucoadhesive and permeation-enhancing biomaterials such as chitosan facilitate this, but tend to increase the size and polydispersity of the nanoparticles, making practical optimization and implementation of mucoadhesive nanoparticle formulations a challenge. In this study, we adjusted key poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticle formulation parameters including the organic solvent and co-solvent, the concentration of polymer in the organic phase, the composition of the aqueous phase, the sonication amplitude, and the inclusion of chitosan in the aqueous phase. By doing so, we prepared four statistically unique size groups of PLGA NPs and equally-sized chitosan-PLGA NP counterparts. We loaded simvastatin, a candidate for novel ocular and intranasal delivery systems, into the nanoparticles to investigate the effects of size and surface modification on drug loading and release, and we quantified size- and surface-dependent changes in mucoadhesion in vitro. These methods and findings will contribute to the advancement of mucoadhesive nanoformulations for ocular and nose-to-brain drug delivery.

scholarly journals The brain as a fundamental axis in learning process

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Luis Raul Meza Mendoza ◽  
María Elena Moya Martinez ◽  
Angelica Maria Sabando Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Traditional Scheme ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Learning Schemes ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
The Way

Since the beginning of humanity, an attempt has been made to explain the way in which man acquires knowledge, the way in which he assimilates, processes and executes it in order to develop the teaching-learning process that people need throughout of his life, which forces to change the learning schemes using new study methodologies, such as neuroscience, which is a discipline that studies the functioning of the brain, the relationship of neurons to the formation of synapses creating immediate responses which transmits to the body voluntarily and involuntarily, in addition to controlling the central and peripheral nervous system with their respective functions. It is necessary to change the traditional scheme and implement new strategies that allow the teacher to venture into neuroscience, in order to individually understand the different learning processes that students do. As some authors of neuroscience say, the brain performs processes of acquisition, storage and evocation of information, which form new knowledge schemes that generate changes in the attitude of the human being, for this reason teachers are responsible for taking advantage of what It is known about the multiple functions of the brain and be clear about the various ways of acquiring knowledge.

scholarly journals Pola Asuh Orang Tua Terhadap Anak Berdasarkan Golongan Darah

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-129
Author(s):  
Hamam Burhanuddin
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

The study in this paper are explain about the studies of medical (medicine) blood type have the same relationship to human character because the blood producing antibodies and antigens. It could determine a person helpless hold strong or weak body, has an allergy to something or not, in the blood also contains various nutrients (like protein) and also the oxygen being supplied to the brain and nerves and body affect performance someone will then be emanated from the attitude of the person and social interaction. As has been explained, but keep in mind, there is blood in the genes, the nature of which is carried in the body/genotif rightly so it is, but we can not ignore the fenotif/nature arising or visible, this trait appear due to interaction between genes and the environment, so even if the person is smart in the intelligentsia and emotional, but grew up in a bad environment is going to be a bad trait. The theory of personality based on blood type can be used as a reference in parenting children through an understanding of the fundamental principles of the application of personality accompanied by parenting. Furthermore, the taking of steps in the care tailored to the stage of development of the child, in the Qur'an explicitly did not mentioned paragraph that discusses about blood type, but in the Qur'an there are blood (ad-Dam), Islamic studies in the study of Children is seen as a mandate from God, forming 3-dimensional relationships, with parents as the central figure. First, her parents relationship with God that is backed by the presence of children. Second, the relationship of the child (which still need a lot of guidance) with God through his parents. Third, the relationship of the child with both parents under the tutelage and guidance of God.

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