Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value of miR-148b in human cancers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsane Bahrami ◽  
Gordon A. Ferns
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Human Cancers ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Cancer Types

: MicroRNAs (miRs) is a class of conserved, small, noncoding RNA molecules which modulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. miR-148b is a member of miR-148/152 family generally known to be a tumor suppressor via its affect on different signaling pathways and regulatory genes. Aberrant expression of miR-148b has recently been shown to be responsible for tumorigenesis for several different cancer types. This review discusses the current evidences regarding the involvement of miR-148b expression in human cancers and its potential clinical importance for tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics.

scholarly journals Role of MicroRNA-1 in Human Cancer and Its Therapeutic Potentials

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Han ◽  
Zujiang Yu ◽  
Zhenfeng Duan ◽  
Quancheng Kan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Oncogenic Pathways ◽  
Proliferation And Metastasis

While the mechanisms of human cancer development are not fully understood, evidence of microRNA (miRNA, miR) dysregulation has been reported in many human diseases, including cancer. miRs are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate posttranscriptional gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in the specific region of gene mRNAs, resulting in downregulation of gene expression. Not only are certain miRs consistently dysregulated across many cancers, but they also play critical roles in many aspects of cell growth, proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, and drug resistance. Recent studies from our group and others revealed that miR-1 is frequently downregulated in various types of cancer. Through targeting multiple oncogenes and oncogenic pathways, miR-1 has been demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor gene that represses cancer cell proliferation and metastasis and promotes apoptosis by ectopic expression. In this review, we highlight recent findings on the aberrant expression and functional significance of miR-1 in human cancers and emphasize its significant values for therapeutic potentials.

scholarly journals Small Molecule, Big Prospects: MicroRNA in Pregnancy and Its Complications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Cai ◽  
Gopi K. Kolluru ◽  
Asif Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level ◽  
In Pregnancy

MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate target gene expression in the posttranscriptional level. Unlike siRNA, microRNAs are “fine-tuners” rather than “switches” in the regulation of gene expression; thus they play key roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis. The aberrant microRNA expression is implicated in the disease process. To date, numerous studies have demonstrated the regulatory roles of microRNAs in various pathophysiological conditions. In contrast, the study of microRNA in pregnancy and its associated complications, such as preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), and preterm labor, is a young field. Over the last decade, the knowledge of pregnancy-related microRNAs has increased and the molecular mechanisms by which microRNAs regulate pregnancy or its associated complications are emerging. In this review, we focus on the recent advances in the research of pregnancy-related microRNAs, especially their function in pregnancy-associated complications and the potential clinical applications. Here microRNAs that associate with pregnancy are classified as placenta-specific, placenta-associated, placenta-derived circulating, and uterine microRNA according to their localization and origin. MicroRNAs offer a great potential for developing diagnostic and therapeutic targets in pregnancy-related disorders.

scholarly journals The m6A RNA methylation regulates oncogenic signaling pathways driving cell malignant transformation and carcinogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Burhan Uddin ◽  
Zhishan Wang ◽  
Chengfeng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Oncogenic Signaling ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Rna Methylation ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
M6a Rna Methylation ◽  
Oncogenic Signaling Pathways

AbstractThe m6A RNA methylation is the most prevalent internal modification in mammalian mRNAs which plays critical biological roles by regulating vital cellular processes. Dysregulations of the m6A modification due to aberrant expression of its regulatory proteins are frequently observed in many pathological conditions, particularly in cancer. Normal cells undergo malignant transformation via activation or modulation of different oncogenic signaling pathways through complex mechanisms. Accumulating evidence showing regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways at the epitranscriptomic level has added an extra layer of the complexity. In particular, recent studies demonstrated that, in many types of cancers various oncogenic signaling pathways are modulated by the m6A modification in the target mRNAs as well as noncoding RNA transcripts. m6A modifications in these RNA molecules control their fate and metabolism by regulating their stability, translation or subcellular localizations. In this review we discussed recent exciting studies on oncogenic signaling pathways that are modulated by the m6A RNA modification and/or their regulators in cancer and provided perspectives for further studies. The regulation of oncogenic signaling pathways by the m6A modification and its regulators also render them as potential druggable targets for the treatment of cancer.

scholarly journals Interaction between Host MicroRNAs and the Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ce Yuan ◽  
Michael B. Burns ◽  
Subbaya Subramanian ◽  
Ran Blekhman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna

ABSTRACT Although variation in gut microbiome composition has been linked with colorectal cancer (CRC), the factors that mediate the interactions between CRC tumors and the microbiome are poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to regulate CRC progression and are associated with patient survival outcomes. In addition, recent studies suggested that host miRNAs can also regulate bacterial growth and influence the composition of the gut microbiome. Here, we investigated the association between miRNA expression and microbiome composition in human CRC tumor and normal tissues. We identified 76 miRNAs as differentially expressed (DE) in tissue from CRC tumors and normal tissue, including the known oncogenic miRNAs miR-182, miR-503, and mir-17~92 cluster. These DE miRNAs were correlated with the relative abundances of several bacterial taxa, including Firmicutes , Bacteroidetes , and Proteobacteria . Bacteria correlated with DE miRNAs were enriched with distinct predicted metabolic categories. Additionally, we found that miRNAs that correlated with CRC-associated bacteria are predicted to regulate targets that are relevant for host-microbiome interactions and highlight a possible role for miRNA-driven glycan production in the recruitment of pathogenic microbial taxa. Our work characterized a global relationship between microbial community composition and miRNA expression in human CRC tissues. IMPORTANCE Recent studies have found an association between colorectal cancer (CRC) and the gut microbiota. One potential mechanism by which the microbiota can influence host physiology is through affecting gene expression in host cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that can regulate gene expression and have important roles in cancer development. Here, we investigated the link between the gut microbiota and the expression of miRNA in CRC. We found that dozens of miRNAs are differentially regulated in CRC tumors and adjacent normal colon and that these miRNAs are correlated with the abundance of microbes in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we found that microbes that have been previously associated with CRC are correlated with miRNAs that regulate genes related to interactions with microbes. Notably, these miRNAs likely regulate glycan production, which is important for the recruitment of pathogenic microbial taxa to the tumor. This work provides a first systems-level map of the association between microbes and host miRNAs in the context of CRC and provides targets for further experimental validation and potential interventions.

The role of microRNA-21 in the onset and progression of cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Singh ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar Singh ◽  
Rajanish Giri ◽  
Dhruv Kumar ◽  
Rohit Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Tumor Suppressor Genes ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Early Cancer ◽  
Cancer Resistance ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Oncogenic Property

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNA, posttranscriptionally regulate the expression of genes. Aberrant expression of miRNA is reported in various types of cancer. Since the first report of oncomiR-21 involvement in the glioma, its upregulation was reported in multiple cancers and was allied with high oncogenic property. In addition to the downregulation of tumor suppressor genes, the miR-21 is also associated with cancer resistance to various chemotherapy. The recent research is appraising miR-21 as a promising cancer target and biomarker for early cancer detection. In this review, we briefly explain the biogenesis and regulation of miR-21 in cancer cells. Additionally, the review features the assorted genes/pathways regulated by the miR-21 in various cancer and cancer stem cells.

scholarly journals Human microRNAs in host–parasite interaction: a review

3 Biotech ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujay Paul ◽  
Luis M. Ruiz-Manriquez ◽  
Francisco I. Serrano-Cano ◽  
Carolina Estrada-Meza ◽  
Karla A. Solorio-Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small noncoding RNA molecules with significant capacity to regulate the gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in a sequence-specific manner either through translation repression or mRNA degradation triggering a fine-tuning biological impact. They have been implicated in several processes, including cell growth and development, signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, apoptosis, inflammation, and immune response modulation. However, over the last few years, extensive studies have shown the relevance of miRNAs in human pathophysiology. Common human parasitic diseases, such as Malaria, Leishmaniasis, Amoebiasis, Chagas disease, Schistosomiasis, Toxoplasmosis, Cryptosporidiosis, Clonorchiasis, and Echinococcosis are the leading cause of death worldwide. Thus, identifying and characterizing parasite-specific miRNAs and their host targets, as well as host-related miRNAs, are important for a deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of parasite-specific diseases at the molecular level. In this review, we have demonstrated the impact of human microRNAs during host−parasite interaction as well as their potential to be used for diagnosis and prognosis purposes.

scholarly journals Exosomal miRNA: Small Molecules, Big Impact in Colorectal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentin Vautrot ◽  
Gaëtan Chanteloup ◽  
Mohammed Elmallah ◽  
Marine Cordonnier ◽  
François Aubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Premetastatic Niche ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Exosomal Mirna

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Tumor microenvironment (TME) contains many cell types including stromal cells, immune cells, and endothelial cells. The TME modulation explains the heterogeneity of response to therapy observed in patients. In this context, exosomes are emerging as major contributors in cancer biology. Indeed, exosomes are implicated in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion, and premetastatic niche formation. They contain bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, and RNAs. More recently, many studies on exosomes have focused on miRNAs, small noncoding RNA molecules able to influence protein expression. In this review, we describe miRNAs transported by exosomes in the context of CRC and discuss their influence on TME and their potential as circulating biomarkers. This overview underlines emerging roles for exosomal miRNAs in cancer research for the near future.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in endometriosis: biological function and emerging biomarker candidates†

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 1167-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Bjorkman ◽  
Hugh S Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Reproductive Aged Women ◽  
Delayed Time

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNA molecules, have been recognized as key post-transcriptional regulators associated with a multitude of human diseases. Global expression profiling studies have uncovered hundreds of miRNAs that are dysregulated in several diseases, and yielded many candidate biomarkers. This review will focus on miRNAs in endometriosis, a common chronic disease affecting nearly 10% of reproductive-aged women, which can cause pelvic pain, infertility, and a myriad of other symptoms. Endometriosis has delayed time to diagnosis when compared to other chronic diseases, as there is no current accurate, easily accessible, and noninvasive tool for diagnosis. Specific miRNAs have been identified as potential biomarkers for this disease in multiple studies. These and other miRNAs have been linked to target genes and functional pathways in disease-specific pathophysiology. Highlighting investigations into the roles of tissue and circulating miRNAs in endometriosis, published through June 2018, this review summarizes new connections between miRNA expression and the pathophysiology of endometriosis, including impacts on fertility. Future applications of miRNA biomarkers for precision medicine in diagnosing and managing endometriosis treatment are also discussed.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs as Regulator of Signaling Networks in Metastatic Colon Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Yong Du ◽  
Xiaoming Liu ◽  
William C. Cho ◽  
Yinxue Yang
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Signaling Networks ◽  
Metastatic Colon Cancer ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
P53 Signaling ◽  
Colon Cancer Metastasis

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, noncoding RNA molecules capable of regulating gene expression translationally and/or transcriptionally. A large number of evidence have demonstrated that miRNAs have a functional role in both physiological and pathological processes by regulating the expression of their target genes. Recently, the functionalities of miRNAs in the initiation, progression, angiogenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance of tumors have gained increasing attentions. Particularly, the alteration of miRNA profiles has been correlated with the transformation and metastasis of various cancers, including colon cancer. This paper reports the latest findings on miRNAs involved in different signaling networks leading to colon cancer metastasis, mainly focusing on miRNA profiling and their roles in PTEN/PI3K, EGFR, TGFβ, and p53 signaling pathways of metastatic colon cancer. The potential of miRNAs used as biomarkers in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic targets in colon cancer is also discussed.

The role of microRNA in degeneration of the intervertebral disc

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Ozal Arzuman Beylerli ◽  
Ilgiz F. Gareev ◽  
Valentin N. Pavlov
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Chronic Lower Back Pain ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Small Noncoding Rna ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Matrix Cell

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNA molecules that negatively regulate gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. MiRNAs regulate many normal physiological processes, and also play an important role in the development of most disorders. The expression levels of miRNAs are characterized by endogenous properties and tissue specificity. These characteristics increase the likelihood that miRNAs can serve as useful clinical biomarkers in the diagnosis of certain diseases. Chronic lower back pain is usually associated with degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IDD), which is closely associated with apoptosis, impaired extracellular matrix, cell proliferation, and an inflammatory response. This process is characterized by a cascade of molecular, cellular, biochemical, and structural changes. Currently, there is no clinical therapy that shows the pathophysiology of disk degeneration. The presence of unregulated expression of miRNA in patients with degenerative disk disease indicates a vital role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of IDD. It becomes apparent that epigenetic processes affect the evolution of IDD as much as the genetic background. Deregulated phenotypes of pulp nucleus cells, including differentiation, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis, are involved in all stages of the progression of human IDD. In this review, we will focus on the role and therapeutic value of miRNAs in IDD.

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