Precision Oncology, Signaling and Anticancer Agents in Cancer Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dia Advani ◽  
Sudhanshu Sharma ◽  
Smita Kumari ◽  
Rashmi K. Ambasta ◽  
Pravir Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Healthcare Facilities

Background: The global alliance for genomics and healthcare facilities provides innovational solutions to expedite research and clinical practices for complex and incurable health conditions. Precision oncology is an emerging field explicitly tailored to facilitate cancer diagnosis, prevention and treatment based on patients’ genetic profile. Advancements in “omics” techniques, next-generation sequencing, artificial intelligence and clinical trial designs provide a platform for assessing the efficacy and safety of combination therapies and diagnostic procedures. Method: Data were collected from Pubmed and Google scholar using keywords: “Precision medicine”, “precision medicine and cancer”, “anticancer agents in precision medicine” and reviewed comprehensively. Results: Personalized therapeutics including immunotherapy, cancer vaccines, serve as a groundbreaking solution for cancer treatment. Herein, we take a measurable view of precision therapies and novel diagnostic approaches targeting cancer treatment. The contemporary applications of precision medicine have also been described along with various hurdles identified in the successful establishment of precision therapeutics. Conclusion: This review highlights the key breakthroughs related to immunotherapies, targeted anticancer agents, and target interventions related to cancer signaling mechanisms. The success story of this field in context to drug resistance, safety, patient survival and in improving quality of life is yet to be elucidated. We conclude that, in the near future, the field of individualized treatments may truly revolutionize the nature of cancer patient care.

scholarly journals Precision oncology: mind the disruption

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Richie Soong ◽  
Nicholas Syn ◽  
Katherine Wang ◽  
Mohamed Feroz Bin Mohammed Omar
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
New Information ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Key Events

Over the last two decades, treatment outcomes have improved markedly for a number of cancer types, including breast cancer, lung cancer and melanoma. Some of these improvements can be attributed to the steady development of new treatments. However, what has been very different in this period is the introduction of a different approach to healthcare management. Precision medicine is a strategy of customizing health management to individual predisposition and condition subtype, instead of the conventional approach of applying a standardized management. In oncology, a move towards precision medicine has been motivated by an accumulating number of paradigms that have demonstrated its significant health and financial value. However, shifting to this type of medicine entails many disruptions to current research and clinical practices, including the introduction of new disciplines and structures, new levels of multidisciplinary co-operation, new approaches to health regulation and economics and the generation of new information on inter-population clinical and molecular features. In this article, we look back at key events in precision oncology to relate the motivation behind the shift and understand the upcoming issues in realizing the immense potential of precision medicine.

scholarly journals Weighing the Evidence: Variant Classification and Interpretation in Precision Oncology, US Food and Drug Administration Public Workshop—Workshop Proceedings

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hisani N. Horne ◽  
Donna Roscoe ◽  
E. David Litwack ◽  
Anand Pathak ◽  
Jai P. Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Manuscript Preparation ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Variant Classification ◽  
The Us

PURPOSE Next-generation sequencing (NGS) oncology panels are becoming integral in hospital and academic settings to guide patient treatment and enrollment in clinical trials. Although NGS technologies have revolutionized decision-making for cancer therapeutics, physicians may face many challenges in parsing and prioritizing NGS-based test results to determine the best course of treatment for individual patients. On January 29, 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration held a public workshop entitled, “Weighing the Evidence: Variant Classification and Interpretation in Precision Oncology.” Here, we discuss the presentations and discussion highlights across the four sessions of the workshop. METHODS The goal of the public workshop was to engage stakeholders and solicit input from experts in precision oncology to discuss the integration of complex NGS data into patient management and regulatory innovation within the precision oncology community. The US Food and Drug Administration gathered representatives from academia, industry, patient advocacy, government, and professional organizations for a series of presentations followed by panel discussions. After the workshop, the transcript and speaker presentation slides were reviewed and summarized for manuscript preparation. RESULTS Speakers and panelists provided diverse perspectives on the integration of NGS technology into patient care for oncology and on the complexities that surround data interpretation and sharing. Discussions highlighted the challenges with standardization for variant classification while expressing the utility of consensus recommendations among stakeholders in oncology for driving innovation in the era of precision medicine. CONCLUSION As precision medicine advances, clear communication within the field of precision oncology will be key to creating an environment that facilitates the generation and sharing of data that have value to patients. [Box: see text]

Starring role of Biomarkers and Anticancer Agents as a Major Driver in Precision Medicine of Cancer Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kumar Ray ◽  
Sukhes Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Malignant Growth ◽  
New Era ◽  
Life Context ◽  
Contemporary Medicine

: Precision medicine represents the most modern contemporary medicine trend, based on enormous amounts of data relating to people's health, individual characteristics, and life context using the most appropriate strategies to prevent and cure them. Precision medicine in cancer coordinates most precisely and viable treatment to every individual cancer patient based on the disease's genetic profile. Precision medicine changes the standard one size fits all medication model, which has focused on average responses to care. Significantly, consolidating different modern methodologies for streamlining and checking anticancer drugs can have continuous effects on understanding results. Precision medicine can help explicit anticancer treatments using various drugs and even in discovery, thus becoming the paradigm of future cancer medicine. Cancer biomarkers are a significant focus point in precision medicine, and findings of different biomarkers make this field more promising and challenging. Naturally, genetic instability and the collection of extra changes in malignant growth cells are ways that cancer cells use to adapt and survive in a hostile environment, for example, one made by these treatment modalities. Precision medicine is centered around recognizing which treatments are best for individual patients, dependent on their malignant growth and genetic characterization. This new era of genomics, which is progressively referred to as precision medicine, has ignited a new episode in the relationship between genomics and anticancer drug development.

Avenues to Precision Oncology

2020 ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Alexander Meisel
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Trial Design ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Companion Diagnostics ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
The One

Until recently, the clinical management of cancer heavily relied on anatomical and histopathological criteria, with ad hoc guidelines directing the therapeutic choices in specific indications. In the last years, the development and therapeutic implementation of novel anticancer therapies significantly improved the clinical outcome of cancer patients. Nonetheless, such cutting-edge approaches revealed the limitation of the one-size-fits-all paradigm. The newly discovered molecular targets can be exploited either as bona fide targets for subsequent drug development, or as tools to precision medicine, in the form of prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers. This article provides an overview of some of the most recent advances in precision medicine in oncology, with a focus on novel tissue-agnostic anticancer therapies. The definition and implementation of biomarkers and companion diagnostics in clinical trials and clinical practice are also discussed, as well as the changing landscape in clinical trial design.

Engineering “Antimicrobial Peptides” and Other Peptides to Modulate Protein-Protein Interactions in Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (32) ◽  
pp. 2970-2983
Author(s):  
Samuel J.S. Rubin ◽  
Nir Qvit
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Peptide Backbone ◽  
Modified Peptides ◽  
Selective Death ◽  
Drug Leads

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a class of peptides found across a wide array of organisms that play key roles in host defense. AMPs induce selective death in target cells and orchestrate specific or nonspecific immune responses. Many AMPs exhibit native anticancer activity in addition to antibacterial activity, and others have been engineered as antineoplastic agents. We discuss the use of AMPs in the detection and treatment of cancer as well as mechanisms of AMP-induced cell death. We present key examples of cathelicidins and transferrins, which are major AMP families. Further, we discuss the critical roles of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in cancer and how AMPs are well-suited to target PPIs based on their unique drug-like properties not exhibited by small molecules or antibodies. While peptides, including AMPs, can have limited stability and bioavailability, these issues can be overcome by peptide backbone modification or cyclization (e.g., stapling) and by the use of delivery systems such as cellpenetrating peptides (CPPs), respectively. We discuss approaches for optimizing drug properties of peptide and peptidomimetic leads (modified peptides), providing examples of promising techniques that may be applied to AMPs. These molecules represent an exciting resource as anticancer agents with unique therapeutic advantages that can target challenging mechanisms involving PPIs. Indeed, AMPs are suitable drug leads for further development of cancer therapeutics, and many studies to this end are underway.

Innovatory role of nanomaterials as bio-tools for treatment of cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuram Shahzad Ahmad ◽  
Muntaha Talat ◽  
Shaan Bibi Jaffri ◽  
Neelofer Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cancerous Cells

AbstractConventional treatment modes like chemotherapy, thermal and radiations aimed at cancerous cells eradication are marked by destruction pointing the employment of nanomaterials as sustainable and auspicious materials for saving human lives. Cancer has been deemed as the second leading cause of death on a global scale. Nanomaterials employment in cancer treatment is based on the utilization of their inherent physicochemical characteristics in addition to their modification for using as nano-carriers and nano-vehicles eluted with anti-cancer drugs. Current work has reviewed the significant role of different types of nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics and diagnostics in a systematic way. Compilation of review has been done by analyzing voluminous investigations employing ERIC, MEDLINE, NHS Evidence and Web of Science databases. Search engines used were Google scholar, Jstore and PubMed. Current review is suggestive of the remarkable performance of nanomaterials making them candidates for cancer treatment for substitution of destructive treatment modes through investigation of their physicochemical characteristics, utilization outputs and long term impacts in patients.

scholarly journals Immunocytes as a Biocarrier to Delivery Therapeutic and Imaging Contrast Agents to Tumors

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhyang Choi ◽  
Ha-Na Woo ◽  
Eun Jin Ju ◽  
Joohee Jung ◽  
Hye-Kyung Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Ionizing Radiation Exposure

Radiotherapy for cancer treatment has been used for primary or adjuvant treatment in many types of cancer, and approximately half of all cancer patients are undergoing radiation. However, ionizing radiation exposure induces genetic alterations in cancer cells and results in recruitment of monocytes/macrophages by triggering signals released from these cells. Using this characteristic of monocytes/macrophages, we have attempted to develop a biocarrier loading radiosensitizing anticancer agents that can lead to enhance the therapeutic effect of radiation in cancer treatment. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the proof of this concept. THP-1 labeled with Qdot 800 or iron oxide (IO) effectively migrated into tumors of subcutaneous mouse model and increased recruitment after ionizing radiation. Functionalized liposomes carrying a radiosensitizing anticancer agent, doxorubicin, are successfully loaded in THP-1 (THP-1-LP-Dox) with reduced cytotoxicity, and THP-1-LP-Dox also was observed in tumors after intravenous administration. Here, we report that monocytes/macrophages as a biocarrier can be used as a selective tool for amplification of the therapeutic effects on radiotherapy for human cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Advanced and Innovative Nano-Systems for Anticancer Targeted Drug Delivery

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1151
Author(s):  
Lu Tang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Qingqing Zhao ◽  
Ting Pan ◽  
Hui Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Passive Targeting ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug

The encapsulation of therapeutic agents into nano-based drug delivery system for cancer treatment has received considerable attention in recent years. Advancements in nanotechnology provide an opportunity for efficient delivery of anticancer drugs. The unique properties of nanoparticles not only allow cancer-specific drug delivery by inherent passive targeting phenomena and adopting active targeting strategies, but also improve the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of the loaded drugs, leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and safety compared to conventional treatment modalities. Small molecule drugs are the most widely used anticancer agents at present, while biological macromolecules, such as therapeutic antibodies, peptides and genes, have gained increasing attention. Therefore, this review focuses on the recent achievements of novel nano-encapsulation in targeted drug delivery. A comprehensive introduction of intelligent delivery strategies based on various nanocarriers to encapsulate small molecule chemotherapeutic drugs and biological macromolecule drugs in cancer treatment will also be highlighted.

scholarly journals Modeling Research Topics for Artificial Intelligence Applications in Medicine: Latent Dirichlet Allocation Application Study

10.2196/15511 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. e15511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bach Xuan Tran ◽  
Son Nghiem ◽  
Oz Sahin ◽  
Tuan Manh Vu ◽  
Giang Hai Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Dirichlet Allocation

Background Artificial intelligence (AI)–based technologies develop rapidly and have myriad applications in medicine and health care. However, there is a lack of comprehensive reporting on the productivity, workflow, topics, and research landscape of AI in this field. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the global development of scientific publications and constructed interdisciplinary research topics on the theory and practice of AI in medicine from 1977 to 2018. Methods We obtained bibliographic data and abstract contents of publications published between 1977 and 2018 from the Web of Science database. A total of 27,451 eligible articles were analyzed. Research topics were classified by latent Dirichlet allocation, and principal component analysis was used to identify the construct of the research landscape. Results The applications of AI have mainly impacted clinical settings (enhanced prognosis and diagnosis, robot-assisted surgery, and rehabilitation), data science and precision medicine (collecting individual data for precision medicine), and policy making (raising ethical and legal issues, especially regarding privacy and confidentiality of data). However, AI applications have not been commonly used in resource-poor settings due to the limit in infrastructure and human resources. Conclusions The application of AI in medicine has grown rapidly and focuses on three leading platforms: clinical practices, clinical material, and policies. AI might be one of the methods to narrow down the inequality in health care and medicine between developing and developed countries. Technology transfer and support from developed countries are essential measures for the advancement of AI application in health care in developing countries.

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