scholarly journals Evaluation of Heat Distribution for the Diagnosis of the Hoof with Abscess by Infrared Thermography in Horses

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Su-Min Kim ◽  
Gil-Jae Cho
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Heat Distribution ◽  
Thermal Camera ◽  
Measurement Analysis ◽  
Heat Pattern ◽  
Physical Examinations ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Analysis System

Background: The study of normal temperature distribution for the diagnosis of hoof disease in horses using Infrared Thermography (IRT) is rare, therefore, the normal temperature distribution is to be investigated. In this study, we investigated the possible use of IRT in the diagnosis of hoof disease in horses. Methods: A total of 66 horses (56 healthy horses and 10 horses with hoof abscess) were used in this study. Veterinarians and farriers performed physical examinations, such as lameness examination, palpation, hoof test, and radiography, on all horses. IRT was performed in standard conditions. The plantar of the hoof was lifted upward by the owner, and the distance of the thermal camera between the plantar of the hoof was 0.3 - 0.5 m. For evaluation, the heat pattern of the plantar of the hoof was divided into seven regions of interest (ROIs), and statistical analysis was performed. Results: On performing IRT, the temperature of healthy hooves and hooves with hoof abscess was found to be 25.77 °C ± 3.87 °C (mean ± SD) and 31.94 °C ± 2.60 °C, respectively (p < 0.0001). The mean temperature of ROIs in hooves with abscesses was 6.17 °C higher than that of healthy hooves. Sole regions were found to be especially prominent. Additionally, all ROIs of hooves with hoof abscess classified IRT with high sensitivity (74.3%) and specificity (87.5%). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated the usefulness of IRT in diagnosing hoof with abscess. Moreover, this study suggests that IRT may be useful as a new temperature measurement analysis system in terms of determining differences in the heat distribution of the hoof.

scholarly journals The use of infrared thermography for welfare assessment during the application of ear tags to lambs

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Karakuş ◽  
Ferda Karakuş
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Infrared Images ◽  
Thermal Camera ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of metal-tipped, plastic-tipped, and electronic ear tags on the likelihood of infection using infrared thermography and to evaluate the effect on welfare by examining the behavioral responses of the lambs. Ninety lambs with an average age of 6 months were used in this study. Before the application of the ear tags, infrared images of the right and left ears of the lambs were taken with the thermal camera and the infrared temperatures were recorded. Measurements were repeated on days 1, 4, 10, and 30 after the ear tag application. The mean of infrared ear temperatures on days 0, 1, 4, 10, and 30 were found to be 14.60, 23.20, 23.77, 20.36, and 17.61 °C for the metal-tipped ear tag group; 15.69, 21.50, 20.42, 18.00, and 16.39 °C for the plastic-tipped ear tag group; and 15.17, 29.47, 27.49, 25.93, and 20.61 °C for the electronic ear tag group. The infrared temperatures on days 1, 4, and 10 in the control and experimental groups were significantly different from each other (P < 0.001). The plastic-tipped ear tags caused fewer problems and are preferred to the traditional ear tags with metal tips. The electronic ear tags caused more inflammatory reactions compared to metal- or plastic-tipped ear tags. The infrared thermography method may be used as a useful tool in the early detection of the inflammatory reactions and infections caused by the application of ear tags.

High-sensitivity device for continuous measurements of tissue O2 uptake

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Biron ◽  
A. Dittmar
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Rat Diaphragm ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Constant Flow Rate ◽  
Continuous Measurements ◽  
Medium Flow ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Analysis System

An analysis system for continuous measurements of O2 uptake by rat diaphragm during several hours is described. The tissue was set in a chamber where a medium was flowing at a known and constant flow rate, temperature, and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2). The decrease in PO2 of the medium was measured with a Clark O2 cathode at the outlet of the chamber. To increase the sensitivity of the system and the signal-to-noise ratio of the measurements, a sweeping device was designed. It provided homogenization of the medium in the chamber. The main characteristics of this analysis system are a) a sensitivity of +/-0.2% of the mean PO2 value of the perfused medium, +/-0.8% of the mean O2 uptake of rat diaphragm, b) a linearity of +/-1.75% in the range of 0+/-200 Torr, c) a stability of +/-0.38% of the initial PO2 value, and d) a time constant of 8 min 30 s. This type of system can be used for high-sensitivity measurements of O2 uptake of any tissue after adaptation of the chamber and of the medium flow rate.

scholarly journals Automatic depth scanning system for 3D infrared thermography

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Unger ◽  
Adrian Franke ◽  
Claire Chalopin
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Infrared Camera ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Scanning System ◽  
Depth Camera ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Thermal Camera ◽  
Thermal Cameras

AbstractInfrared thermography can be used as a pre-, intra- and post-operative imaging technique during medical treatment of patients. Modern infrared thermal cameras are capable of acquiring images with a high sensitivity of 10 mK and beyond. They provide a planar image of an examined 3D object in which this high sensitivity is only reached within a plane perpendicular to the camera axis and defined by the focus of the lens. Out of focus planes are blurred and temperature values are inaccurate. A new 3D infrared thermography system is built by combining a thermal camera with a depth camera. Multiple images at varying focal planes are acquired with the infrared camera using a motorized system. The sharp regions of individual images are projected onto the 3D object’s surface obtained by the depth camera. The system evaluation showed that deviation between measured temperature values and a ground truth is reduced with our system.

Features of Thrombi and Diagnostic Accuracy of Impedance Plethysmography in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Deep Vein Thrombosis

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (02) ◽  
pp. 266-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Agnelli ◽  
Benilde Cosmi ◽  
Stefano Radicchia ◽  
Franca Veschi ◽  
Enrico Boschetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Impedance Plethysmography ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Deep Vein

SummaryImpedance plethysmography (IPG) has high sensitivity and specificity in patients with symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) while it fails to detect asymptomatic DVT. The aim of this study was to determine whether the features of thrombi such as location, size and occlusiveness could explain the different accuracy of IPG in symptomatic and asymptomatic DVT patients. One-hundred and seventeen consecutive outpatients with a clinical suspicion of DVT and 246 consecutive patients undergoing hip surgery were admitted to the study. In symptomatic patients IPG was performed on the day of referral, followed by venography, while in asymptomatic patients IPG was performed as a surveillance programme, followed by bilateral venography.A venography proved DVT was observed in 37% of the symptomatic patients and 34% of the asymptomatic limbs. A significantly higher proportion of proximal DVTs was found in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients (78% vs 46%; p = 0.001). The mean Marder score, taken as an index of thrombus size, was significantly higher in symptomatic patients than in asymptomatic patients (19.0 vs 9.6; p = 0.0001). A significantly higher proportion of occlusive DVTs was observed in symptomatic than in asymptomatic patients (69% vs 36%; p = 0.001).We conclude that the unsatisfactory diagnostic accuracy of IPG in asymptomatic DVT is due to the high prevalence of distal, small and non occlusive thrombi. Such thrombi are unlikely to cause a critical obstruction of the venous outflow and therefore to produce a positive IPG.

scholarly journals PSV-16 Infrared thermography technology as a promising tool for assessing temperament of water buffaloes

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
Caroline L Francisco ◽  
André M Castilhos ◽  
Daiane C Marques da Silva ◽  
Fabiola Martinez da Silva ◽  
Aline S Aranha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract This study evaluated the use of the infrared thermography (IT) as a tool to identify the temperament of 75 non-castrated water buffaloes (390±32 days of age; 310±61.27 kg of initial body weight) of 3 genetic groups (GG:Jafarabadi, Mediterranean, and Murrah; n = 25 for each GG). The animals were classified for temperament through the temperament score (TSc) obtained by the mean of the sum of the scores of the time of entry into the squeeze chute (1 to 5: 1=greater time spent for entry; 5=less time spent for entry) and the exit velocity score (1 to 5: 1=lower speed; 5=higher speed) calculated after the period of adaptation to the feedlot (d0). The animals were categorized into adequate (ADQ; TSc≤3) or excitable (EXC; TSc &gt;3) temperaments. The rectal temperature was measured and IT images were obtained (Testo 882 Thermal Imager, Testo, Inc, Germany) from regions of the chest, eye, snout, cheek, foreleg (left side), ribs, hind legs, rear area (left side), and scrotum on d0. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS, considering the GG, temperament, and the resulting interaction as fixed effects. Correlation was analyzed using the CORR procedure of SAS. There were no effects of interactions (P ≥ 0.14). ADQ animals showed lower rectal (P = 0.02) and ribs (P = 0.05) temperatures than EXC animals (Table1). Tendencies for temperament effect were detected for chest (P = 0.06) and rear area (P = 0.07). There was no effect of temperament for other variables (P = 0.19). Positive correlations were verified between the TSc and rectal (r=0.36; P &lt; 0.01), chest (r=0.35; P &lt; 0.01), and rear area (r=0.33; P &lt; 0.01) temperatures. Tendency for a positive correlation was detected between TSc and scrotum (r=0.23; P = 0.07). In conclusion, the temperament causes changes in the temperature of some body regions suggesting the IT technology may be a promising tool for assessing the temperament of water buffaloes. Supported by FAPESP (#2018/25939-1; #2014/05473-7).

scholarly journals Rock Emissivity Measurement for Infrared Thermography Engineering Geological Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3773
Author(s):  
Simone Mineo ◽  
Giovanna Pappalardo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Rock Types ◽  
Ornamental Stones ◽  
Emissivity Measurement ◽  
Laboratory Tool ◽  
Non Destructive

Infrared thermography is a growing technology in the engineering geological field both for the remote survey of rock masses and as a laboratory tool for the non-destructive characterization of intact rock. In this latter case, its utility can be found either from a qualitative point of view, highlighting thermal contrasts on the rock surface, or from a quantitative point of view, involving the study of the surface temperature variations. Since the surface temperature of an object is proportional to its emissivity, the knowledge of this last value is crucial for the correct calibration of the instrument and for the achievement of reliable thermal outcomes. Although rock emissivity can be measured according to specific procedures, there is not always the time or possibility to carry out such measurements. Therefore, referring to reliable literature values is useful. In this frame, this paper aims at providing reference emissivity values belonging to 15 rock types among sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic categories, which underwent laboratory emissivity estimation by employing a high-sensitivity thermal camera. The results show that rocks can be defined as “emitters”, with emissivity generally ranging from 0.89 to 0.99. Such variability arises from both their intrinsic properties, such as the presence of pores and the different thermal behavior of minerals, and the surface conditions, such as polishing treatments for ornamental stones. The resulting emissivity values are reported and commented on herein for each different studied lithology, thus providing not only a reference dataset for practical use, but also laying the foundation for further scientific studies, also aimed at widening the rock aspects to investigate through IRT.

Stochastic Analysis of Temperature Distribution in a Solid With Random Heat Conductivity

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Yu Tzou
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Conductivity ◽  
Stochastic Analysis ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Random Response ◽  
Thermal Failure ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
The Mean

Stochastic temperature distribution in a solid medium with random heat conductivity is investigated by the method of perturbation. The intrinsic randomness of the thermal conductivity k(x) is considered to be a distribution function with random amplitude in the solid, and several typical stochastic processes are considered in the numerical examples. The formulation used in the present analysis describes a situation that the statistical orders of the random response of the system are the same as those of the intrinsic random excitations, which is characteristic for the problem with extrinsic randomness. The maximum standard deviation of the temperature distribution from the mean value in the solid medium reveals the amount of unexpected energy experienced by the solid continuum, which should be carefully inspected in the thermal-failure design of structures with intrinsic randomness.

Measurements of the Initial Ground Temperature in GSHP System

2014 ◽  
Vol 919-921 ◽  
pp. 1707-1715
Author(s):  
Ya Su Zhou ◽  
Wan Lan Ju ◽  
Zheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Small Difference ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Ground Temperature ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Average Water Temperature ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Shallow Zone ◽  
The Mean

The initial ground temperature (IGT) is one of the most important parameters in designing a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system and evaluating its performance. In this paper, three initial ground temperature test methods are introduced. Except the shallow zone, the ground temperature distribution measured from direct and indirect testing method has very small difference. In direct test, the temperature sensor must be embedded when burying the tube in the borehole which is hard to operate in engineering applications. Thus the direct testing method is suggested to be applied in the scientific research. The indirect testing method could be used in engineering applications. The mean ground temperature could be calculated from temperature distribution except the shallow zone temperature. The results from three calculating methods have a quite small difference. Therefore, the arithmetic average method is suggested for scientific and engineering application to calculate the mean ground temperature. The mean ground temperature is also gotten in TRT conveniently. In the condition of velocity 0.7m/s, water was circulated in the tube system with no heat source for 30 minutes. The average water temperature could be regard as the mean ground temperature with sufficient accuracy.

Temperaturverteilung beim Wälzschälen/Temperature distribution during power skiving

2021 ◽  
Vol 111 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 786-791
Author(s):  
Florian Sauer ◽  
Michael Gerstenmeyer ◽  
Volker Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Temperature ◽  
Heat Distribution ◽  
Temperature Analysis ◽  
Power Skiving ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Innenverzahnungen, die aufgrund der Elektromobilität zunehmend im Fokus stehen, lassen sich mithilfe des Wälzschälens produktiv herstellen. Um diese Produktivität weiter zu steigern, müssen die wirkenden Verschleißmechanismen untersucht und verstanden werden. Der Beitrag behandelt die experimentelle Temperaturuntersuchung des Wälzschälens mit anschließender Modellierung der Wärmeverteilung, welche als erster Schritt zum Mechanismenverständnis angesehen werden kann. &nbsp; Internal gears, which are increasingly in focus due to electromobility, can be manufactured productively with the help of power skiving. In order to further increase the productivity, the wear mechanisms have to be investigated and understood. This paper discusses the experimental temperature analysis of power skiving by subsequently modelling the heat distribution. This process can be seen as a first step towards understanding the underlying mechanisms.

Predictors of Surgical Intervention in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled Hamdy Abd El Megeed ◽  
Shereen Abou Bakr Saleh ◽  
Christina Alphonse Anwar ◽  
Ahmed Elkattary Mohamed Elkattary
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Mayo Score ◽  
Calprotectin Level ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is comprised of two major disorders: Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s disease. Ulcerative Colitis affects the colon, where as Crohn’s disease can involve any component of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the perianal area. These disorders have somewhat different pathologic and clinical characteristics, but with substantial overlap; their pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Objective To determine & detect different predictors that help us to characterize patients with high probability of undergoing surgical intervention for inflammatory bowel diseases. Patients and Methods The present study was designed to detect & identify possible factors that can be used to predict surgical intervention in patients with IBD. The present study was a case control study that was conducted on 80 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (either controlled by medical treatment or needed surgical intervention as a part of disease control) who were recruited form Ain-Shams university hospitals and El Quabbary general hospital in Alexandria. In the present study, the mean age of the included patients was 36.67 ±8.5 years old and 50% of the patients were males. The mean age at the onset of the disease was 25.81 ±6.8 years old. Results In the present study, there were statistically significant differences between surgical and medical patients in terms of CDAI for CD (p &lt; 0.001) and Mayo score for UC (p &lt; 0.001). Surgical patients were more likely to have higher scores. CDAI and Mayo score were negative predictors of surgical treatment. CDAI score &gt; 287 and Mayo score &gt; 8.5 achieved high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of surgical treatment. In the present study, we found that there was statistically significant differences between surgical and medical patients in terms of Stool Calprotectin level. Surgical patients were more likely to have higher Stool Calprotectin level. Stool Calprotectin level was negative predictor of surgical treatment at a level of &gt; 341.5 microgm/gm with high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion Surgical treatment is a common outcome in IBD. Certain clinical features and the extent of disease are risk factors for surgical intervention. Our study indicates that smoking, Chron’s disease, perianal disease, granulomas, higher severity scores, higher stool Calprotectin level, CRP, and ESR were associated with higher risks of surgical intervention. In addition, smoking, peri-anal disease, CDAI, Mayo score, Stool Calprotectin level, and CRP level were predictors of surgical treatment. The findings of our analysis have implications for practice, particularly in the promotion of preoperative individualized risk prediction. The ability to predict which patients will need surgery and target more intensive, early treatment to that group would be invaluable. Further research through large prospective cohort studies is needed to confirm our findings and conclusions.

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