Potential Activated Carbon of Theobroma cacao L. Shell for Pool Water Purification in Politeknik Negeri Padang

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Yuli Yetri
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Research has been carried out to improve the quality of the yellow pool water. The water is used as a source of clean water for the academics of the Politeknik Negeri Padang, so it needs to be improved in accordance with the quality standards of clean water, and is suitable for daily use. The adsorption process was carried out using activated carbon of Theobroma cacao L. shells which was carbonated at 400oC for 1 hour and activated with H3PO4. Characterization of functional groups using Frontier Transform Infra Red (FTIR), and morphology of surface  using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The quality of clean water standard analyzed is turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), color, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and Fe content. Functional group analysis exhibits that the activated carbon produced has a pattern of absorption with O-H, C-H, and C-O bond types. At the optimum condition of the activation process, a good adsorbent is absorbed in pool water purification at a flow rate of 5 mL/min with a mass of 2 grams. The analysis showed an efficiency decrease in turbidity value of 67%, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 71%, Color 97%, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 86%, and Fe content 38%. Surface morphology of activated carbon showed the presence of pore cavities, and after the filtration process the cavities became saturated. This shows that there has been an absorption by activated carbon, so that the water becomes clear. Activated carbon of Theobroma cacao L.shell is very effective in the process of purifying pool water into clean water and fulfilling clean water standards, so it is suitable for  are used.

scholarly journals Statistical Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in and around Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Karunakaran ◽  
P. Thamilarasu ◽  
R. Sharmila
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The Town

Groundwater samples collected at different locations in and around Namakkal were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. Ten locations of groundwater samples were collected and studied for every two month for the period June-2007 to December-2007. The present investigation is focused on the determination of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, taste, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, hardness, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chlorides, sulphate, nitrate, fluorides, dissolved oxygen, sodium, potassium andE.colibacterium. Groundwater suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes was examined by using WHO and BIS standards, which indicate the groundwater in a few areas, were not much suitable for domestic and agriculture purposes. Thus the objective of this study is to identify the quality of groundwater especially in the town and near by town where groundwater is used for domestic and agriculture purposes is discussed.

scholarly journals Análise física da água de entrada no sistema agroindustrial de curtume em Maringá-Paraná

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Marcelo Estevam ◽  
Adriano Willian da Silva ◽  
Frederico Fonseca da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Apparent Color ◽  
The City ◽  
Cutting System

Assessment of water quality is extreme importance for the health of animals, especially humans. The physical paraments (electrical conductivity, pH, turbidity, apparent color, taste, smell, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids), in water indicate the quality, including that used for human consumption. Therefore, a water inspection at the entrance and exit of an agroindustrial cutting system in the city of Maringa (Brazil), between the years 2014 and 2017, is important for a relaxation of water standards. The results were published and published based on the environmental legislation showed that the quality of the water used in the agroindustry, regarding the physical parameters, respects as current environmental regulations, not causing damage to the environment and demonstrating that the process used in the agroindustrial system is efficient from an environmental standpoint.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN A CLOSED INDUSTRIAL LANDFILL

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ISSAKA SENOU ◽  
BÂRSAN NARCIS ◽  
NEDEFF VALENTIN ◽  
ANTOINE SOME N. ◽  
BISMARCK NACRO H.
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Groundwater Mineralization

The study parameters: pH, conductivity, salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of groundwater in a closed industrial landfill, subject to the waste discharges of city of Bacau (East Romania), shows that the water quality of the different sampling points is variable. This difference is noted at the level of conductivity, TDS, turbidity, TSS and COD. These differences, however parameters are substantially higher compared the value of the legislation in groundwater Romania. Salinity remains relatively high at the point of sample P1 (0.7). The pH values are comprising in the range of reference values (6.5 to 7.4). The results also showed very strong correlations (r> 0.8) between Conductivity-Salinity, Conductivity -TDS, Salinity, TDS, Turbidity.-TSS, COD and TSS-Turbidity-COD. The strong correlation (0.5 <r> 0.8) were noted between Turbidity- Conductivity, Turbidity-Salinity, Turbidity, TDS, TSS conductivity, TSS-Salinity, TSS, TDS, COD, conductivity, salinity, COD, COD-TDS. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) also highlighted groundwater mineralization events of this landfill and possible pollution by organic matter

scholarly journals Microbiological and Physiochemical Quality of Freshwater in Isiokpo Community, Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ewulonu, Chigozie Chioma ◽  
Obire, Omokaro ◽  
Akani, Nedie Patience
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Rivers State

Aim: To determine microbiological quality of fresh water in Isiokpo community. Study Design: This study employs standard scientific methods, statistical analysis and interpretation. Place and duration of the Study: Fresh water samples were collected from Isiokpo community in Ikwerre L.G.A. of Rivers State, Nigeria. Sampling was done every two weeks from three stations of Isiokpo river for duration of six months (February–July, 2018). Samples were transported in ice packed coolers to the Microbiology Laboratory of Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, and immediately processed for analysis.  Methodology: Ten- fold serial dilution technique was adopted after which 0.1 ml of appropriately diluted stock was inoculated onto sterile Microbiological media. Spread plate technique was employed for the isolation, enumeration and identification of microorganisms. The APHA standards were adopted in the determination of physico-chemical parameters which include turbidity, colour, odour, pH, conductivity, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, nitrate, sulphate, calcium and BOD5. The  Duncan  multiple range test  was  employed  for analysis  of  variance  (ANOVA) of  the  data  obtained. Results: The mean counts for Total heterotrophic bacterial counts ranged from 4.77±0.20 log10 CFU/ml to 4.92±0.11 log10 CFU/ml. Total coliform  bacteria  ranged  from  4.28±0.25 to 4.60±0.25log10 CFU/ml. Total Vibrio counts  ranged from 1.77±1.97 log10 CFU/ml to 4.25±0.09 log10 CFU/ml. Total Pseudomonas  counts ranged  from  2.48±1.93 log10 CFU/ml  to 4.0217±0.34 log10 CFU/ml. Total  heterotrophic fungal counts ranged from  2.31±1.81 log10 CFU/ml  to 4.21± 0.22 log10 CFU/ml in all the stations. The microorganisms isolated belong to the genera of Bacillus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Shigella, Vibrio, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor and Rhizopus. The pH values ranged from 5.60 to 6.80, Conductivity 35 to 40 µs/cm, Total suspended solids (TSS) 48 mg/L to 54.00 mg/L, Total Dissolved Solids 5.20 to 6.50 mg/L, Nitrate 1.00 to 1.45 mg/L, Sulphate 1.00 to 1.30 mg/L, Calcium 6.00 to 9.20 mg/L and BOD 5.30 to               6.20 mg/L in all the stations. Conclusion: The presence of E. coli which is an indicator of fecal contamination is enough to suspect that the water body is contaminated with fecal matter and pathogenic bacteria. The water should therefore not be put to human use without proper treatment because the water is of low quality and constitute a danger to public health.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Filtration Bed type in the Pool Water Treatment System on Washings Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-545
Author(s):  
Joanna Wyczarska-Kokot ◽  
Anna Lempart
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Pool Water ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Swimming Pool Water ◽  
Direct Management

Abstract This paper presents the influence of the type of filtration beds, used in swimming pool water treatment systems, on the quality and the possibility of reuse of washings. The research covered 4 pool cycles with sand, sand and anthracite, glass and diatomaceous beds. The degree of contamination of washings was assessed on the basis of physical, chemical and bacteriological tests. The possibility of washings drainage into the natural environment was considered, and the results of the research were compared with the permissible values of pollution indicators for wastewater discharged to water or ground. A direct management of washings from the analysed filters proved impossible mainly due to the high content of TSS (total suspended solids) and free chlorine. Washings were subjected to sedimentation and then the supernatant was stirred intensively. As a result of these processes, the quality of washings was significantly improved. This allowed planning to supplement the pool water installations with systems for washings management.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN A CLOSED INDUSTRIAL LANDFILL

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
SENOU ISSAKA ◽  
NARCIS BÂRSAN ◽  
VALENTIN NEDEFF ◽  
SOME N. ANTOINE ◽  
NACRO H. BISMARCK
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Groundwater Mineralization

The study parameters: pH, conductivity, salinity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of groundwater in a closed industrial landfill, subject to the waste discharges of city of Bacau (East Romania), shows that the water quality of the different sampling points is variable. This difference is noted at the level of conductivity, TDS, turbidity, TSS and COD. These differences, however parameters are substantially higher compared the value of the legislation in groundwater Romania. Salinity remains relatively high at the point of sample P1 (0.7). The pH values are comprising in the range of reference values (6.5 to 7.4). The results also showed very strong correlations (r> 0.8) between Conductivity-Salinity, Conductivity -TDS, Salinity, TDS, Turbidity.-TSS, COD and TSS-Turbidity-COD. The strong correlation (0.5 0.8) were noted between Turbidity- Conductivity, Turbidity-Salinity, Turbidity, TDS, TSS conductivity, TSS-Salinity, TSS, TDS, COD, conductivity, salinity, COD, COD-TDS. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) also highlighted groundwater mineralization events of this landfill and possible pollution by organic matter.

Nitrate removal from water supplies using biodenitrification and GAC-sand filter systems

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Dahab ◽  
S. Sirigina
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
The U.S

In this paper, a study on using fixed-film biological denitrification to remove nitrates from water supplies is reported. Fixed-film biological systems have not been used in water supply systems in the U.S. although they are proven to be efficient and economical for removing nitrates with the reason being the possibility of imparting residual organics, suspended solids and bacteria to the treated water. In this research, fixed-film upflow biodenitrification columns were operated under carbon-starved conditions and the effluent was treated with a granular activated carbon (GAC) and sand filter system (combined in one unit) to remove residual organics and suspended matter. The system resulted in an average effluent turbidity of 0.8 NTU, and COD and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations of 5.7 and 0.6 mg/L, respectively.

scholarly journals DECOLOURIZATION OF TRIPHENYLMETHANE DYES AND DYE INDUSTRY EFFLUENT BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM DYE CONTAMINATED SITE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sandhiya ◽  
K. Sumaiya Begum ◽  
D. Charumathi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dyeing Wastewater ◽  
Triphenylmethane Dyes ◽  
Dissolved Solids

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of the present study were a) to isolate and screen bacteria for dye removal from synthetic solution b) to optimize various variables such as pH, static/shaking and initial dye concentration on degradation of triphenyl methane dyes namely basic violet 3 and basic green 4 by isolated <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> c) to analyse enzymes involved in the biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes d) to treat real leather dyeing wastewater with newly isolated strain of <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>e) to characterize untreated and treated leather dyeing wastewater f) to study the effects of real and treated effluent on plants and <em>Rhizobium</em>.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Isolation of bacteria from sludge was carried out by spread plate method and the bacteria was identified by morphological and biochemical characterization. The isolated bacterium was screened for dye decolorization potential of triphenylmethane dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 The effects of parameters were studied by varying pH (from 3 to 9), temperature (from 15-45 °C), and initial dye concentration (from 10-500 mg/l). The enzyme involved in biodegradation was studied in intracellular extract. Real leather dyeing wastewater was treated with the bacteria and characterized. The treated wastewater was tested on plants and <em>Rhizobium </em>for toxicity. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dye decolorization potential of bacteria <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolated from wastewater for leather dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 were evaluated. Dye decolorization using bacteria was found to be dependent on physicochemical parameters (shaking, pH and initial dye concentration). Enzymes NADH-DCIP reductase and MG reductase were found to play dominant role during biodegradation of synthetic dyes. Application oriented studies using growing bacteria in pure cultures were carried out with leather dyeing wastewater collected from DKS prime tanners. Analysis of raw leather dyeing wastewater showed high pollution load in terms of color, Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand whereas the leather dyeing wastewater treated with pure culture of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> showed considerable decrease in Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand values which were within the permissible limits. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity studies confirmed the non-toxic nature of treated leather dyeing wastewater. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study proved that <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> can serve as a potential remediation agent for the treatment of leather dyeing wastewater.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of sedimentation time on the granulometric composition of suspended solids in the backwash water from biological activated carbon filters

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00072
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Komorowska-Kaufman ◽  
Filip Ciesielczyk ◽  
Alina Pruss ◽  
Teofil Jesionowski
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Granulometric Composition ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Filtration Time ◽  
Biological Activated Carbon ◽  
Percentage Volume ◽  
Solids Removal ◽  
Sedimentation Time

The paper presents the results of analyzes of the granulometric composition of suspended solids in backwash water from biological activated carbon (BAC) filters and its changes during sedimentation. Backwash water samples were taken during backwashing of two pilot filters after different filtration time. It was found that regardless of the concentration of suspended solids in the collected backwash water, particle sizes vs. their percentage volume contributions for all samples were similar. Particle sizes were in the range of 2–100 μm. However, the two-hour sedimentation for most of the samples proved to be effective (total suspended solids removal up to 93%), which is caused by self-coagulation of the sample.

Wastewater Treatment of Wet Coffee Processing in an Anaerobic Baffled Bioreactor Coupled to Microfiltration System

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veymar G. Tacias-Pascacio ◽  
Abumalé Cruz-Salomón ◽  
José H. Castañón-González ◽  
Beatriz Torrestiana-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Recalcitrant Organic Matter ◽  
Acidic Wastewater

Background: Wet coffee processing consists of the removal of the pulp and mucilage of the coffee cherry. This process generates a large amount of acidic wastewater which is very aggressive to the environment because of its high content of recalcitrant organic matter. Therefore, treatment is necessary before discharge to water bodies. Because of this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the organic matter removal efficiency in an Anaerobic Baffled Bioreactor (ABR) coupled to a Microfiltration Membrane (MF) system as a new eco-friendly option in the treatment of wet Coffee Processing Wastewater (CPWW). Methods: Two systems (S1 and S2) were evaluated at Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT) of 59 h and 83 h, respectively. Both systems were operated at mesophilic conditions, at a Transmembrane Pressure (TMP) of 50 kPa during 1800 h. Results: The S2 generated higher organic matter removal efficiency, reaching removal values of turbidity of 98.7%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of 81%, Total Solids (TS) of 72.6%, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of 100%, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of 61%, compared with the S1. Conclusion: The S2 represents a new eco-friendly alternative to treat CPWW and reduce its pollutant effect.

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