scholarly journals THE DRAFT PROVISIONS OF THE PENAL PRISONS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
M. . Artemenkov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
General Context ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Work Education ◽  
Xix Century

The article analyzes in detail the issues of the formation and development of the penitentiary legislation of the Russian Empire during the Great Reforms of Alexander II. The author notes that changes in the field of execution of punishments were an integral part of the changes that took place in the country, had their historical substantiation and should be considered in the general context of liberal changes of the second half of the XIX century. The formation of new economic relations, changes in the social structure of society, the emergence of new political practices made it necessary to liberalize the penitentiary sphere. New legal theories associated with understanding the purposes, purpose and execution of punishments, became the basis for the transformation in European countries, including the Russian Empire. The main form of punishment is imprisonment, which was the result of changing the purpose of punishment. It is the correction of the person who committed the crime, through work, education and upbringing. The article analyzes the practice of preparing normative and legal acts related to the study of foreign experience, the organization of experimental places of detention, the discussion of the provisions of the draft of the Regulations on Correctional Prisons in the Russian Empire in various commissions. The prepared draft law, in spite of certain shortcomings, was progressive and corresponded to the tasks that faced the system of execution of punishment. Thus, the article concludes that the ongoing reforms were progressive, an assessment was made on the issues of discussion. When writing a scientific work the author used the materials of the State Archives of the Russian Federation, as well as scientific literature of both domestic and foreign authors.

scholarly journals Unknown pages from Maria Kantakuzino’s biography

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Victor Tvircun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Biographical Data ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire

Thе present publication is the first in historiography to highlight the unknown pages from the biography of Maria Andreevna Kantakuzino, wife of Foma (Toma) Kantakuzino, Major General of the Russian Army, an associate of Peter the Great. The research is based on documents discovered by the author in the State archives of the Russian Federation. The hallmark of this article is the fact, that the biographical data of Maria Cantacuzino are disclosed in the context of the political events of the 1st quarter of the 18th century, as well as her personal ties and correspondence with statesmen of the Russian Empire, the author reflects the issue of the financial situation of the countess in Russia. At the same time, the publication sheds light on the previously unknown biographical data of Maria Cantacuzino – the time and conditions of her arrival in Russia, the place of residence, as well as the date of her death. This publication, on the basis of archival documents discovered and introduced into scientific circulation, makes it possible to show the property status and possessions of the Cantacuzino family in Russia in the first half of the 18th century, as well as their fate after the death of the owners.

scholarly journals Obedience to the law – more than bondage: Grand Duchy of Finland in Confrontation with the Russian Empire

2021 ◽  
pp. 421-427
Author(s):  
С.А. Экштут
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
Grand Duchy

Рецензия на сборник документов «Россия и независимость Финляндии: 1899–1920 гг.» (М.: «Политическая энциклопедия», 2021). В трех томах опубликовано 1358 документов (более 42% предстают перед читателем впервые) из ГА РФ, РГИА, РГАСПИ, РГАЭ, РГАВМФ, РГВА, из архивов МИДа ‒ АВПРИ и АВП РФ, Архива Президента Российской Федерации и Национального архива Финляндии. The article presents f review of the collection of documents "Russia and the independence of Finland: 1899-1920." (Moscow: "Political Encyclopedia", 2021). In three volumes, 1358 documents were published (more than 42% appear before the reader for the first time) from the State Archives of the Russian Federation, RGIA, RGASPI, RGAE, RGAVMF, RGVA, from the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs - AVPRI and AVP RF, Archive of the President of the Russian Federation and the National Archives of Finland.

scholarly journals Zarudny Sergiy Ivanovych (1821-1887) - Ukrainian and Russian lawyer, statesman of the Russian Empire

10.33287/1194 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 36-49
Author(s):  
І. С. Міронова
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Judicial Reform ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Legal Proceedings ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The article is devoted to the way of life of a famous statesman of the Russian Empire, a Ukrainian of descent, a lawyer, one of the main founders of the court reform and a leader of peasant reforms of the second half of the XIX century, an interpreter, secret counselor Serhiy Ivanovych Zarudnyy. His origin, pedigree, civil service in the Ministry of Justice, in the State Chancellery, in the State Council, as a senator was studied. Attention was paid to his work in the commissions for the preparation of judicial reform, the development of the «Basic Provisions for the Transformation of the Judiciary in Russia» and the Judicial Statutes, which were approved in 1864. His role was proved in the creation of the world justice system, in the introduction of jury and the institute of attorneys in the Russian judicial system, in approving the principles of publicity, immediacy, and adversarial proceedings. Considerable attention is focused on the role of the statesman in the development of reform projects on the elimination of serfdom 1861. A special place is dedicated to the scientific work of S. Zarudnyy, in particular to his monographs, articles, a collection of materials on judicial reform entitled «The Case Зарудний of the Transformation of the Judiciary in Russia», organized in 74 volumes. It was noted that for his juridical and scientific work, contemporaries and biographers of S. Zarudnyy called him «the luminary of our judicial world», «leading figure of judicial reform», «father» and «soul» of the case of concluding judicial charters. The article substantiates the conclusion that S. Zarudnyy laid down the democratic principles of the judicial system and legal proceedings in the Russian Empire with his activities.

scholarly journals IN THE XVIII-XIX CENTURY AND THE POLICY OF TSARIST RUSSIA IN KAZAKHSTAN CONSEQUENCES OF INFLUENCE ON THE STRUCTURE OF TRADITIONAL KAZAKH SOCIETY

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
U.K. Zhangaliev ◽  
◽  
K.B. Bolatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Influence ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Traditional Economy

During the period of colonial policy in the Russian Empire, the influence on the Kazakh land is reflected, as well as the main results of changes in the mechanism of adaptation and ways of countering the traditional structure of Kazakh society during the period of colonization. The role of the colonial policy of the Empire is described in the XVIII - XIX centuries with administrative and political reforms carried out by tsarist Russia in Kazakhstan. At the same time, the ethno – social structure of the Kazakh society has undergone significant changes in the system of socio-economic relations, changing all the realities of the traditional economy. During the first half of the XVIII – first half of the XIX centuries, the political influence of a significant social group of warriors - batyrs was explained in Kazakh society. The article uses sorting, analysis, and comparison methods. The article presents new sources and reviews the works of the first and modern researchers.

scholarly journals ALEKSEY PETROVICH DOBROSLAVIN AND DOMESTIC PENITENTIARY HYGIENE (HISTORICAL-MEDICAL AND HISTORICAL-LEGAL ASPECTS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-480
Author(s):  
R. U. Khabriev ◽  
Boris A. Spasennikov ◽  
L. F. Pertli ◽  
S. A. Kopytkin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
Care Department ◽  
The People ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The article presents the historical medical and historical legal aspects of the development of sanitary care in the domestic penitentiary system; the role of the outstanding Russian scientist, the founder and the first professor of the Department of Hygiene of the Medical-Surgical Academy, a doctor, and scientist, public figure, Professor - Aleksey Petrovich Dobroslavin. For ten years he headed the health care department of the Main Prison Administration of the Russian Empire. November 18, 1871, Aleksey Petrovich Dobroslavin read the first lecture on the course of hygiene for listeners of the 4th year of the Medico-Surgical Academy. That day, according to the authors, can be considered the day of the founding of the national hygiene science. In September 1879, the scientist headed the Health care Department of the Main Prison Administration of Russia. At this position, Aleksey Petrovich combined all his knowledge, obtained earlier - hygiene and public knowledge, medicine and law. He served science and law, the people and the State. In 80 years of the XIX century, A.P. Dobroslavin played a decisive role in the development of domestic penitentiary hygiene. He received a real opportunity not only to develop theoretical provisions of hygiene but also the possibility to implement them by his orders binding on the staff of the penitentiary system of the Russian Empire. The scientist observed the implementation of his scientific provisions, generalized the experience of practical application of his research in various geoclimatic and other environmental conditions. Each of his commanding decisions is a separate, completed scientific work. He introduced the penitentiary science, which he actively developed as a scientist hygienist. Theoretical heritage of A.P. Dobroslavin for many decades determined the ways of the Russian penitentiary hygienic science.

scholarly journals Phenomenon of Technological Unemployment: Inevitability of Transformation of Socio-Economic Relations

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-47
Author(s):  
Azamat Berberov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Technological Unemployment ◽  
Dominant Feature ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire

This article is aimed at studying the prospects for the development of social and economic relations in the context of forming digital economy and potential growth of technological unemployment. To achieve this goal, the article provides a retrospective analysis of works of various representatives of domestic and foreign economic schools, as well as proposals of the International Labor Organization and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Judging by the results of the first part of the study, international institutions attempt to improve social and economic relations in a coordinated manner due to the fact that the rapid development of digital economy can have ambiguous consequences. However, the analysis shows that such actions are likely to be ineffective because of the unique characteristics of states. The second part of the study is aimed at studying the role and position of the Russian Federation in this process. For this purpose, the author carries out a chronological analysis of social and labor relations starting with the period of the Russian Empire and ending with modern Russia in the context of the phenomenon of technological unemployment. The results of the primary research indicate that, due to the unique socio-economic characteristics, technological unemployment was not a dominant feature of the Russian reality. However, a more detailed analysis based on specific empirical data allows us to identify the facts of technological displacement of the labor force, as well as describe the level of social and labor relations in the Russian Empire in the pre-revolutionary period. Based on the results obtained in the first and second parts of the study the author tries to give an objective description of the peculiarities of social and labor relations in the modern Russian Federation in the context of the potential growth of technological unemployment. The current economic picture points to the high risks of technological unemployment in the Russian Federation and updates the adoption of urgent measures to design improved social and labor relations in the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Formation of metallurgical sector in Kharkiv practical technological institute at the end of XIX – in the beginning of XX centuries

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gutnyk
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Technological Institute ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Graduating Students

The state of metallurgical industry of the Russian empire at the end of XIX century is analyzed. The reasons of intensification of researches in technical sciences are determined. It is presented the information about creation of technological higher educational establishment in Kharkiv city; in particular, it is shown the help in this question given by authoritative residents of Kharkiv, public of other provinces, representatives of the South of Russian Empire mining industry. It is proven that in the Kharkiv practical technological institute the first in Ukraine specialized department from training of specialists in the field of metallurgy was created. It is given the information about the first scientifically pedagogical staff of KhPTI in the field of metallurgy and attention is accented, that teachers were experienced specialistspractitioners. Basic directions of leading scientists-metallurgists scientific work by A.F Mevius, V.S. Knabbe, T.M. Ber are illustrated. Main directions of scientific interests of these scientists are found out; value of their fundamental works is shown. Provision of course of metallurgy in KhPTI by equipment for realization of research work, and also by scientific and educational literature is illustrated. Using materials of Archives, the information about opening and financing of the first industrial metallurgical laboratory is given. It is shown that the material and technical base of institute allowed carrying out researches not only for scientific and educational purposes but also by the orders of industry. The conclusion is done, that staffing at the beginning of XX century was carried out due to the graduating students of institute, but not due to invitation of graduating students of West European establishments, as it was from the beginning of KhPTI activity.

scholarly journals The Orenburg Political Link as the Mechanism of Accumulation: the Case of Bronislav Zalesky and Candid Zelenko

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Sergey Lyubichankovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
Local Society ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
European Culture ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The article is devoted to the analysis of life and activities in the Orenburg region of Bronislaw Zalessky and Kandid Zelenko, who were exiled there for political reasons in the first half of the XIX century. The theoretical basis of the article is the concept of acculturation. The study is based primarily on unpublished sources from the State Archives of the Orenburg region, with respect to which the method of historical reconstruction has been used. It is concluded that people who were exiled to a remote province eventually became embedded in the structure of the local society in such a way that they became the vehicles of European culture and education in the Orenburg region. At the same time, they themselves in the course of living in exile fell in love with the place of their exile, became its patriots and popularizers outside the borders of the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals Formation and development of the educational system of the Оrenburg region in the XVIII–XIX centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
S. V. Lyubichankovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Foreign National ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
State Educational ◽  
Xix Century

In the article, the author presents an analysis of the formation and development of the educational system of the Orenburg region during the period from the establishment of the Orenburg province and up to the entry of the Russian Empire during the revolutionary upheavals of the early XX century. The main stages of this process are highlighted: the appearance of the first educational institutions in the conditions of the formation of the Orenburg region as a new administrative space of the Russian Empire (1730s 1770s); the development of the educational system of the Orenburg region in the conditions of stabilization of the frontier zone and systematization of the state educational policy (late XVIII mid XIX century); the development of the educational system under the conditions of post-reform modernization (second half of the XIX early XX century). He revealed the key reasons for the change in the educational system related to the specific needs of the region and changes in state policy in the field of education. He concluded that during the period under study, the educational system of the Orenburg region simultaneously solved two key tasks providing the region with educated personnel and the formation of a loyal stratum of foreign (national) intelligentsia. The research is based on both archival (from the funds of the State Archives of the Orenburg region) and published historical sources.

scholarly journals NEW CONDITION STRUCTURE IN KAZAKH SOCIETY: MERCHANT AND THEIR SOCIAL AND LEGAL FEATURES

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Yespenbetova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
New Class ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Merchant Class ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The article deals with changes in Kazakh society during the reign of the Russian Empire in the XIX century. Justifying the problem of forming a new class structure in Kazakh society, the author defines the socio-economic conditions of the formation of merchant guilds. The role of trade, entrepreneurship, and urban growth in the transformation of merchants into large entrepreneurs is revealed. Legal documents reflecting social and legal privileges of merchant guilds are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the role of Tatar merchants in the development of local trade and economic relations. Using statistical data, the quantitative growth of the merchant class in individual regions is analyzed.

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