scholarly journals Methods in Authenticating Participants in Fully-online Youth Mobile Application Trials: Lessons from the iREACH Project (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodie L. Guest ◽  
Elizabeth Adam ◽  
Iaah L. Lucas ◽  
Cristian J. Chandler ◽  
Rebecca Filipowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
Intervention Trials ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Prevention Counseling ◽  
Completion Times

BACKGROUND Mobile health (mHealth) applications are important interventions to increase the scale and reach of prevention services, including HIV testing and prevention counseling, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), condom distribution, and education, all of which are required to decrease incidence rates. The use of these apps online as well as fully online intervention trials can be challenged by the need to remove fraudulent or duplicative entries and authenticate unique trial participants prior to randomization to protect the integrity of the sample and trial results. It is critical to make sure data collected through this modality are valid and reliable. OBJECTIVE This manuscript discusses the electronic and manual authentication strategies for the iREACH randomized control trial (RCT) that were used to monitor and prevent fraudulent enrollment. METHODS iREACH is a RCT focused on same-sex-attracted, cis-gender males aged 13-18 years in the US with a focus on enrolling racial/ethnic minorities and those in rural communities. Evaluation of the data was done by identifying possible duplications in enrollment, identifying potentially fraudulent or ineligible participants through inconsistencies in registration and survey data, and by reviewing baseline completion times to avoid enrolling bots and those who did not complete the baseline survey. Electronic systems flagged questionable enrollment. Additional manual reviews included verification of age, IP addresses, email addresses, social media accounts, and completion times for surveys. RESULTS The strategies used identified and averted 624 cases of potential fraudulent, duplicative or ineligible enrollment using electronic and manual strategies including the integration of social media profiles. Seventy-nine percent of the potentially fraudulent or ineligible cases were identified through electronic strategies, thereby reducing the burden of manual authentication for the majority of cases. A case study is included with scenario, resolution, and authentication strategy response. CONCLUSIONS As online trials are more common, methods to handle suspicious enrollment that compromise data quality are increasingly important for inclusion in protocols. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.2196/10174

Electronic Communication, Telehealth, and Social Media

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muniya S. Khanna ◽  
Tommy Chou
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Intervention Delivery ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Video Teleconferencing ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Traditional Service

Explosive growth of communication technologies and increased ubiquity of Internet access in both urban and rural communities and particularly in youth have occurred. Coupled with concerns regarding limitations to traditional service provision models, researchers and practitioners are looking to affordable, acceptable technologies to expand the reach of evidence-based care and reduce barriers to intervention and unmet need in areas with few providers. This chapter describes the present literature on use of video teleconferencing, web-based programs, social media, and smartphone apps to enhance mental health intervention delivery, psychiatric assessment, and training and supervision. The strengths of the various delivery methods are discussed for providing empirically supported mental healthcare, focusing on implications related to science and practice with children and families. Outlined also are current limitations, risks, and challenges to technology-mediated services, including the significant gaps in the evidence base underlying these technologies and the legal, ethical, and safety issues that remain.

scholarly journals Sex disparities in cardiovascular health metrics among rural-dwelling older adults in China: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Han ◽  
Ziying Jiang ◽  
Yuanjing Li ◽  
Yongxiang Wang ◽  
Yajun Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Chinese Older Adults ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Sex Disparities

Abstract Background Cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics among Chinese older adults are poorly understood. We investigated sex disparities in CVH metrics and their management among rural-dwelling older adults in China. Methods This community-based study included 5026 participants (age ≥ 65 years; 57.2% women) in the baseline survey of a multimodal intervention study in rural China. In March–September 2018, data were collected through face-to-face interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory tests. We defined six CVH metrics (three behavioral factors—smoking, body mass index, and physical activity; three biological factors—blood pressure, total cholesterol, and blood glucose) following the modified American Heart Association’s recommendations. We performed descriptive analysis separately for men and women. Results Of all participants, only 0.8% achieved ideal levels in all six CVH metrics. Men were more likely than women to have ideal levels in all CVH metrics but smoking. Women had higher prevalence of ideal global (9.7% vs. 7.8%) and behavioral (18.3% vs. 9.5%) CVH metrics (p < 0.001), whereas men had higher prevalence of ideal biological CVH metrics (5.4% vs. 3.5%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of ideal global and behavioral CVH metrics increased with age in both women and men (p for trend< 0.001). Women were more likely to be aware of their hypertension and diabetes, and to receive antihypertensive treatment, while men were more likely to achieve the goal of high cholesterol treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusions The CVH metrics among older adults living in the rural communities in China are characterized by an extremely low proportion of optimal global CVH metrics and distinct sex differences, alongside poor management of major biological risk factors. Trial registration ChiCTR1800017758 (Aug 13, 2018).

Getting to 40!

2018 ◽  
pp. 267-284
Author(s):  
W Nutland
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

There remains a lack of consensus about the extent to which pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) contributed to the recent dramatic and stunning declines in HIV incidence occurring in the United Kingdom. This chapter describes the potential role of PrEP in this decline and offers insights into how this occurred despite a lack of formal, government-sponsored support for PrEP. Further, the chapter describes the development of a new PrEP movement in England as well as contributing factors, such as the leadership of a new wave of HIV activists, access to global generic markets, innovative supply chains, and the use of social media and the Internet. The “U-turn” and subsequent court cases are also described.

scholarly journals Geographic Access to Stroke Care Services in Rural Communities in Ontario, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira K. Kapral ◽  
Ruth Hall ◽  
Peter Gozdyra ◽  
Amy Y.X. Yu ◽  
Albert Y. Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Acute Stroke Care ◽  
Geographic Access ◽  
Prevention Services ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Driving Time

ABSTRACT:Background:Optimal stroke care requires access to resources such as neuroimaging, acute revascularization, rehabilitation, and stroke prevention services, which may not be available in rural areas. We aimed to determine geographic access to stroke care for residents of rural communities in the province of Ontario, Canada.Methods:We used the Ontario Road Network File database linked with the 2016 Ontario Acute Stroke Care Resource Inventory to estimate the proportion of people in rural communities, defined as those with a population size <10,000, who were within 30, 60, and 240 minutes of travel time by car from stroke care services, including brain imaging, thrombolysis treatment centers, stroke units, stroke prevention clinics, inpatient rehabilitation facilities, and endovascular treatment centers.Results:Of the 1,496,262 people residing in rural communities, the majority resided within 60 minutes of driving time to a center with computed tomography (85%), thrombolysis (81%), a stroke unit (68%), a stroke prevention clinic (74%), or inpatient rehabilitation (77.0%), but a much lower proportion (32%) were within 60 minutes of driving time to a center capable of providing endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).Conclusions:Most rural Ontario residents have appropriate geographic access to stroke services, with the exception of EVT. This information may be useful for jurisdictions seeking to optimize the regional organization of stroke care services.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-exposure Prophylaxis and Increased Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infections in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1884-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A Serpa ◽  
Gabriel N Huynh ◽  
Julie B Nickell ◽  
Hongyu Miao
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) decreases HIV transmission. Some studies have raised concerns about a potential association between the implementation of HIV PrEP and the growing incidence rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States. Methods We conducted a quasi-experimental (interrupted time series) analysis of STI (syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia) rates before (2000–2012) and after (2013–2017) the implementation of HIV PrEP. We also performed correlations between HIV PrEP utilization and STI cases at the national (2012–2017) and state (2017) levels. We defined HIV PrEP utilization as the number of people taking tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine for HIV prevention. Results HIV PrEP implementation was associated with 25% (relative risk [RR] 1.254, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.245–1.263; P &lt; .001) and 26% (RR 1.260, 95% CI 1.257–1.264; P &lt; .001) increases in syphilis and gonorrhea rates, respectively, and a 12% reduction in chlamydia rates (RR: 0.884, 95% CI 0.883–0.885; P &lt; .001). HIV PrEP utilization was correlated with the numbers of syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia cases (spearman coefficients 1.00, 0.94, and 0.94, respectively; P &lt; .001, P &lt; .01, and P &lt; .01, respectively). At the state level, HIV PrEP was also correlated with the number of cases of syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia (spearman coefficients 0.85, 0.81, and 0.85, respectively; Ps &lt; .001 for all correlations). Conclusions The implementation and utilization of HIV PrEP in the United States were associated with increased rates of STIs. Further studies to confirm these associations and to elucidate potential causes are needed.

scholarly journals The influence of agricultural diversification on community income in East Taniwel District

2021 ◽  
Vol 883 (1) ◽  
pp. 012089
Author(s):  
La Ega ◽  
Muspida ◽  
E Kembauw ◽  
S J Ferdinandus ◽  
L J Sinay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Agricultural Diversification ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Linear Regression Modeling ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study entitled “The Effect of Agricultural Diversification on Community Income in the East Taniwel District”. The research objective was to determine the relationship and influence of agricultural diversification on people's income in the East Taniwel District. The data used in this study are primary data from eight villages in East Taniwel District, West Seram District, Maluku Province. This data is the result of a baseline survey at the household level, where the sample is determined using the Slovin formula. The data analysis technique used is the application of the backward method in multiple linear regression modeling based on OLS. The results showed that there was a relationship and influence between agricultural diversification and the income of rural communities in East Taniwel District.

scholarly journals Assessing the Credibility of Best Suited Communication Channels in Rural Communities for Meeting the Unmet Need Towards Reducing Child and Adolescent Marriage: a Model From Upper Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammal M. Metwally ◽  
Manal H. Abuelela ◽  
Dalia M. Elmosalami ◽  
Amira Mohsen ◽  
Hala A. Amer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Upper Egypt

Abstract Background: Low levels of scholarly achievement, poverty, and geographical isolation are all known to be linked to early marriage. This study aimed at identifying the most credible and the best-suited communication channels (CCs) to reach rural communities for motivating them to reduce child and adolescent marriage. Methods: A cross-sectional study targeted 1000 wives and their husbands were conducted in 21 rural village units of two governorates of Upper Egypt through questionnaires. Decisions concerning the choice of the best-suited communication channels were based on their Reach; Frequency; Managerial feasibility and Effectiveness. Results: a vast majority of the surveyed wives (96.6%) were married at an age ranging from 15-24 years. The spread of social media through smartphones was limited to only one-third of wives and their husbands through mainly searching on YouTube (31.7% of wives and 27.8% of husbands). Television was the most accessible means of mass media for both wives and husbands (72.5% and 63.3% respectively). The most credible and the best-suited CCs methods for wives were talking with the health promotors and doctors with two times significantly higher (OR= 2.0) than that with the search on YouTube and three times significantly higher (OR = 3.1) than that for social media using browser engine. For husbands, the odds were 1.6 for all. Conclusions: Despite the availability of recent social media worldwide, rural communities; with high illiteracy, limited access to the internet, and limited availability of smartphones. Interpersonal communication is considered the most effective CCs for achieving equity in reducing child marriage. It seems vital during the implementation of any strategies towards reproductive health to use not only the media broadcasts but also to rely on the channels that are most credible and suitable for the targeted communication to support meeting the unmet need.

scholarly journals Contextualising COVID-19 prevention behaviour over time in Australia: Patterns and long-term predictors from April to July 2020 in an online social media sample

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253930
Author(s):  
Julie Ayre ◽  
Erin Cvejic ◽  
Kirsten McCaffery ◽  
Tessa Copp ◽  
Samuel Cornell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Media Analysis ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Multivariable Regression Models ◽  
Over Time

Background In Australia in March 2020 a national public health directive required that non-essential workers stay at home, except for essential activities. These restrictions began easing in May 2020 as community transmission slowed. Objectives This study investigated changes in COVID prevention behaviours from April-July 2020, and psychosocial predictors of these behaviours. Methods An Australia-wide (national) survey was conducted in April, with monthly follow-up over four months. Participants who were adults (18+ years), currently residing in Australia and who could read and understand English were eligible. Recruitment was via online social media. Analysis sample included those who provided responses to the baseline survey (April) and at least one subsequent follow-up survey (N = 1834 out of a possible 3216 who completed the April survey). 71.7% of the sample was female (n = 1,322). Principal components analysis (PCA) combined self-reported adherence across seven prevention behaviours. PCA identified two behaviour types: ‘distancing’ (e.g. staying 1.5m away) and ‘hygiene’ (e.g. washing hands), explaining 28.3% and 24.2% of variance, respectively. Distancing and hygiene behaviours were analysed individually using multivariable regression models. Results On average, participants agreed with statements of adherence for all behaviours (means all above 4 out of 7). Distancing behaviours declined each month (p’s < .001), whereas hygiene behaviours remained relatively stable. For distancing, stronger perceptions of societal risk, self-efficacy to maintain distancing, and greater perceived social obligation at baseline were associated with adherence in June and July (p’s<0.05). For hygiene, the only significant correlate of adherence in June and July was belief that one’s actions could prevent infection of family members (p < .001). Conclusion High adherence to COVID prevention behaviours were reported in this social media sample; however, distancing behaviours tended to decrease over time. Belief in social responsibility may be an important aspect to consider in encouraging distancing behaviours. These findings have implications for managing a shift from government-imposed restrictions to individual responsibility.

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