scholarly journals Modern approaches to assessing physical development of children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Zh.V. Sotnikova-Meleshkina ◽  
O.H. Zinchuk ◽  
O.Ya. Mikhalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Harmonious Development ◽  
Tissue Content

Background. At present in Ukraine negative tendencies in terms of the physical development of the younger generation population have been revealed with the overweight issue getting increasingly urgent that is a predictor of obesity development in adulthood, an increase in levels of chronic somatic prevalence and mortality. The purpose of the research is to assess the level of the physical development of schoolchildren and to determine the most informative approach to determining risk groups in terms of nutritional status impairment. Materials and methods. We have conducted a cross-sectional examination of 277 schoolchildren aged 10–14 years (125 boys and 152 girls) based on the corresponding anthropometric parameters, Quetelet weight-to-height index, Vervek-Vorontsov index, the results of caliperometry and bio-impedancemetry with their further assessment according to the international and national standards. The data are statistically processed in the licensed package IBM SPSS Statistics v. 22, using the t-test and generalized linear models. Results. The analysis of sex and age peculiarities of the physical development has demonstrated a probable decrease in body mass index at the age of 11 and its increase at the age of 12 in both sex groups, the risk of obesity development in boys of 10 and 12 years, and harmonious development in girls observed. Based on the Vervek-Vorontsov index, elongation growth processes are noticed in eleven-year-old girls, and growth retardation processes are observed in ten-year-old schoolchildren of both sexes. A highly disharmonious physical development by the national regression scales is found at the age of 12, and harmonious development is revealed in ten-year-old boys and thirteen-year-old girls. The amount of adipose tissue content does not differ significantly across different age groups, and muscle content is considerably higher in boys of 14. Such data, in comparison with the body mass index, allow us to make an assumption that higher Quetelet indices are determined due to the developed muscle system and are not the proof of obesity development in boys. It is also confirmed by the results of caliperometry. According to the results of the anthropocentric research, two generalized integrative linear models have been developed to determine adipose and muscle tissue content. The comparison of the models obtained with the results of bio-impedancemetry has shown a high precision of the models developed, which has been proved by the results of the t-test. Conclusions. The study has proved the high informative value of the methods which have been used to assess the physical development and the relevance of their application as a component of the algorithm of the comprehensive assessment of schoolchildren’s physical development, which is potential for further monitoring and analyzing morphofunctional changes.

scholarly journals The Association of Obesity and Liver Enzyme Activities in a Student Population at Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease / Veza Između Gojaznosti I Aktivnosti Jetrenih Enzima U Studentskoj Populaciji Sa Povećanim Rizikom Za Nastanak Kardiovaskularnih Bolesti

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Čolak ◽  
Dragana Pap ◽  
Nada Majkić-Singh ◽  
Ivana Obradović
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk

Summary Background: It has been reported that obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk but also with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is increasing rapidly all over the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the value of liver enzymes: AST, ALT and γGT in a group of obese students in order to establish their correlation to anthropometric parameters such as: BMI (body mass index), WC (waist circumference), HC (hip circumference), and WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) compared to non-obese students who comprised the control group (CG). Methods: In this study, 238 students from the University of Novi Sad of both sexes (126 men and 112 women) with a mean age of 22.32 ± 1.85 years were included. According to the body mass index (BMI) lower and higher than 25 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) lower and higher than 94 cm (80 cm for females) the whole group of 238 students was divided into 2 subgroups: the obese group at increased risk for CVD (Group 1) and the group at lower risk for CVD (Group 2). AST, ALT and γGT activities were determined in fasting blood samples. Results: Statistical processing data revealed significantly higher values of AST, ALT and γGT in the group of students with BMI>25 kg/m2, WC>94 cm for males and WC>80 cm for females, HC>108 cm for males and HC>111 cm for females, and WHR>0.90 for males and WHR>0.80 for females (P<0.001). Significant association was established between anthropometric parameters and liver enzyme levels (P<0.0001). Conclusions: Obese students with higher BMI, WC, HC and WHR values have higher liver enzyme activites and a higher chance to develop NAFLD in the future.

scholarly journals Effects of Triphala on Lipid and Glucose Profiles and Anthropometric Parameters: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 2515690X2110110
Author(s):  
Wiraphol Phimarn ◽  
Bunleu Sungthong ◽  
Hiroyuki Itabe
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters

Aim. The efficacy of triphala on lipid profile, blood glucose and anthropometric parameters and its safety were assessed. Methods. Databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Thai Library Integrated System (ThaiLIS) were systematically searched to review current evidence of randomized controlled trials (RCT) on triphala. RCTs investigating the safety and efficacy of triphala on lipid profile, blood glucose and anthropometric parameters were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by 2 authors. Results. Twelve studies on a total of 749 patients were included. The triphala-treated groups showed significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride in 6 studies. Five RCTs demonstrated triphala-treated groups led to statistically significant decrease in body weight, body mass index and waist circumference of obese patients. Moreover, triphala significantly decreased fasting blood glucose level in diabetic patients but not in people without diabetes. No serious adverse event associated with triphala was reported during treatment. Conclusions. This review summarized a current evidence to show triphala might improve the lipid profile, blood glucose, the body weight, body mass index and waist circumference under certain conditions. However, large well-designed RCTs are required to confirm this conclusion.

scholarly journals Changes in anthropometric and metabolic parameters in pregnancy and neonatal physical development during last decades

Medicina ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gražina Drąsutienė ◽  
Janina Tutkuvienė ◽  
Jolita Zakarevičienė ◽  
Diana Ramašauskaitė ◽  
Žaneta Kasilovskienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Changes In Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objective. To evaluate changes in anthropometric and biochemical parameters in pregnancy and their dynamics during last two decades and to determine the association between anthropometric and biochemical parameters, their influence on fetal and neonatal development. Material and methods. In 1985–2005, anthropometric (height, body mass, weight gain during pregnancy, pelvic measurements, skinfold thicknesses, passive body mass) and biochemical (cholesterol, triglyceride, protein, and iron levels) parameters, their correlation, changes in pregnancy were examined; also the correlations between these parameters and neonatal body mass indices were evaluated. In 1986–1987, 383 pregnant women were examined, in 1998 – 130, and in 2003–2005 – 133. Results. During 20 years, the height of examined women increased on an average of 2.5 cm; they became thinner; body mass index decreased. The body composition became similar to “cylinder” shape due to decreased thickness of adipose tissue in the limbs. The dimensions of bony pelvis – external conjugate and bicristal diameters – decreased. Primiparous women became older (1995 – 22.5 years of age, 2004 – 27.6). At the beginning of investigation, the weight gain was on an average of 21.9% of body mass before pregnancy (13.3 kg) and at the end – 23.9% (14.2 kg). The values of anthropometric parameters vary in a consistent pattern during pregnancy: the lower body mass and body mass index at the beginning of pregnancy, the higher weight gain at the end of pregnancy. Blood serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and especially iron were decreased during the study. Conclusions. An inverse correlation between body mass index and lipid metabolism in pregnancy was revealed: the higher body mass index was at the beginning of pregnancy, the lower increase in lipid concentration was during pregnancy. At the beginning of investigation as well as after 20 years, women with low body mass index showed the most significant anthropometric and lipid metabolic changes in pregnancy.

Therapeutic non-contraceptive properties of the drug containing ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg and drospirenone 3 mg

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Natalia V Artymuk ◽  
Olga A Tachkova
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Prescribing Information

Aim. To compare effects of the drug containing ethinylestradiol (EE) 0.03 mg and drospirenone (DRSP) 3 mg and the drug containing EE 0.02 mg and DRSP 3 mg on the skin and anthropometric parameters. Materials and methods. A prospective comparative randomized study included 40 women of reproductive age who didn’t have contraindications to use of combined oral contraceptive (COCs). The first group consisted of 20 women who were administrated EE 0.03 mg and DRSP 3 mg in the 21/7 regimen according to a prescribing information; the 2nd group included 20 patients who were administrated EE 0.02 mg and DRSP 3 mg in the 24/4 regimen according to a prescribing information. The study protocol included 8 visits: at the 0th visit, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were evaluated, at the 1st visit patient were randomized (envelope method) to receive one or another drug, at the 2nd - 7th visits (once a month) blood pressure was measured, anthropometric parameters were determined including body weight, height, waist, hips as well as body mass index, a degree of hirsutism (with Ferriman-Gallwey scale), skin and hair skin oiliness, acne (with a 10-point visual scale) were evaluated. Results. The use of EE 0.03 mg and DRSP 3 mg for 6 months did not significantly affect the body weight and body mass index, waist and hips. In the 6th month, the use of EE 0.03 mg and DRSP 3 mg lead to a statistically significant decrease in skin oiliness, severity of acne and hirsutism, which was comparable to a clinical effectiveness of EE 0.02 mg and DRSP 3 mg. Conclusions. EE 0.03 mg and DRSP 3 mg has a similar effect on skin oiliness, severity of acne and hirsutism with EE 0.02 mg and DRSP 3 mg, without significantly affecting the main anthropometric parameters. It is likely that the effect of DRSP-containing COCs on androgen levels and adipose tissue is due precisely to the effect of DRSP, and not to the dose of EE.

scholarly journals Cambios antropométricos y asociación del nivel de actividad física en docentes universitarios

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Janneth Molano-Tobar ◽  
Magdi Yannette Ordoñez-Fernández ◽  
Dolly Ximena Molano-Tobar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters

Objetivo: Evaluar los cambios antropométricos de un grupo de docentes universitarios y la relación actual con el nivel de actividad física. Material y Métodos: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo con corte longitudinal. La toma de datos se realizó en dos momentos: el primero entre los años 2000 a 2003, valorando las variables antropométrica de peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, perímetros de cintura, cadera, así como la presión arterial, y el segundo momento entre los años 2013 a 2015, teniendo en cuenta las variables anteriores y aplicando el International Physical Activity Questionn, versión corta. El tamaño de muestra fue intencional según los criterios de inclusión, correspondiendo a 162 docentes, 97 hombres y 65 mujeres. Resultados: se evidenciaron cambios relacionados con el aumento de medidas antropométricas, el índice de masa corporal, la presión arterial con significancia estadística (p<0.05) para variables como la presión arterial, perímetros de cintura y cadera en los participantes. Se registró un alto nivel de inactividad física. Conclusiones: los parámetros antropométricos tuvieron una evolución hacia el incremento, manifestando una significancia estadística relacionada con el género femenino. Por lo anterior, se destaca la necesidad de implementar estrategias de prevención de la enfermedad y promoción de la salud, para mejorar los niveles de actividad física y, de este modo, disminuir el riesgo de enfermedades que afecten la salud.PALABRAS CLAVE: actividad física, antropometría, docentes.ANTHROPOMETRIC CHANGES AND RELATIONSHIP WITH THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN TEACHERSABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the anthropometric changes of a group of university teachers and the current relationship with physical activity. Material and Methods: Quantitative study, descriptive with a longitudinal section. The data was taken in two different points in time. The first time between the years 2000 to 2003, evaluating the anthropometric variables of weight, size, body mass index, waist and hip circumference, as well as blood pressure, and the second time between 2013 and 2015 considering the previous variables and applying the International Physical Activity Question (short version), the size of the sample was intentional according to the criteria of inclusion, corresponding to 162 of the teachers, 97 men and 65 women. Results: Changes were evidenced, related to the increase of anthropometric sizes, the body mass index, blood pressure with statistical significance (p<0.05) for variables such as blood pressure, waist and hip circumference of  the participants. A high level of physical inactivity was registered. Conclusions: the anthropometric parameters had an evolution towards the increment, demonstrating a statistical significance related to the female gender. Consequently, the necessity of implementing strategies of prevention of disease and promotion of health is emphasized, to improve the levels of physical activity thus decreasing the risk of diseases that affect the health.KEYWORDS: physical activity, anthropometry, teachers.ALTERAÇÕES ANTROPOMÉTRICAS E SUA RELAÇÃO COM O NÍVEL DE ATIVIDADE FÍSICA DOS PROFESSORESRESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar as alterações antropométricas de um grupo de professores universitários e a relação atual com o nível de atividade física. Materiais e Métodos: estudo quantitativo, descritivo com corte longitudinal. A toma de dados se realizou em dois momentos, o primeiro entre os anos 2000 a 2003, valorando as variáveis antropométricas de peso, altura, índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura, quadril, assim como a pressão arterial, e o segundo momento entre os anos 2013 a 2015 tendo em conta as variáveis anteriores e aplicando o International Physical Activity Question versão curta, o tamanho de amostra foi intencional de acordo com os critérios de inclusão, correspondendo a 162 dos professores, 97 homens e 65 mulheres. Resultados: evidenciaram-se alterações relacionadas com o aumento de medidas antropométricas, o índice de massa corporal, a pressão arterial com significância estadística (p<0,05) para variáveis como a pressão arterial, circunferência da cintura e do quadril nos participantes. Registrou-se um alto nível de inatividade física. Conclusões: os parâmetros antropométricos tiveram uma tendência crescente, manifestando uma significância estadística relacionada com o género feminino. Portanto, destaca-se a necessidade de implementar estratégias de prevenção da doença e promoção da saúde, para melhorar os niveles de atividade física e deste modo diminuir o risco de doenças que afetem a saúde.Palavras-chave: antropometria, atividade física, professores.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Body Mass Index Levels of Female University Students and Women from Different Ages

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
İskender Güler
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
University Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Female Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Healthy Body

The purpose of this study was to determine and to evaluate the Body Mass Index (BMI) levels of female students between the ages of 20 and 30 who study at Amasya University and women between the ages of 40 and 60 who live in Amasya since BMI levels are of great importance to determine the body fat levels for a healthy body. We recruited 910 female students and 688 women. All participants had no health problems. The formula we used for BMI levels of the participants was BMI = kg/m2. We relied on such parameters as mean, standart deviation, minimum and maximum values for statistical analyses of the data. We conducted the independent samples t test to see if there was any statistically significant differences between groups. The findings showed that female university students’ body mass index levels were 21.84 kg/m2, while women living in Amasya had 27.68 kg/m2 body mass index levels. We found a statistically significant difference in the body mass index levels between the groups in favor of the female university students. We conclude that female university students between the ages of 20 and 30 who study at Amasya University had normal levels of BMI when compared with women between the ages of 40 and 60 who live in Amasya.

scholarly journals STUDY REGARDING THE VALUE OF THE PLAYERS ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICATORS MEMBERS OF THE ELITE EUROPEAN HANDBALL TEAMS QUALIFIED AT THE FINAL TOURNAMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
IOSIF SANDOR ◽  
SIMINA-AURELIA NEAG
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Anthropometric Indicators ◽  
The World

Introduction. Handball players who manage to perform at the highest level have certain specific qualities. Through the results obtained in all world competitions, European national teams are considered the best teams in the world. Aim. The aim is to determine the current trend about the value of anthropometric indicators, primarily the body mass index, and its role in achieving performance. Materials and methods. The data of anthropometric parameters (age, height, weight, and body mass index - BMI) from 966 handball players who participated in 2016, 2018, and 2020 editions of the European Men''s Handball Championship had been analyzed. Next, the finalist and non-finalist teams'' BMI was analyzed, and then its evolution according to playing position. Results. The analysis shows that in the last three editions of the European Championship, an approximately constant value of the studied indicators is kept. The differences between the editions are not statistically significant. The average age is 27 years, the average weight is about 94 kg, the average height is 1.92 cm, and the BMI is 25. The body mass index did not register statistically significant differences for the same playing position in the last three editions analyzed. Conclusions. The data obtained from the study show what the current values of the leading anthropometric indicators of elite European handball players are. These indicators do not play an essential role in ranking in the first positions of the final tournament.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Body Image Dissatisfaction in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena D. Stevens ◽  
Nicolas R. Thompson ◽  
Amy B. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cleveland Clinic ◽  
Body Image Dissatisfaction ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Computerized Testing ◽  
Negative Effects

Abstract Background: Body image dissatisfaction (BID) strongly predicts undesirable outcomes, including disordered eating, depression, and low self-esteem. People with multiple sclerosis (MS) may have higher BID due to changes in mobility and functioning and high rates of depression; however, little research has explored BID in people with MS. Identifying factors predicting BID in people with MS would help providers become more aware of BID and its possible negative outcomes. Methods: The sample included 151 adult patients with MS receiving care at the Cleveland Clinic Mellen Center for MS. The Body Shape Questionnaire was administered, and demographic information was collected from medical records. Data on MS-specific variables were collected via computerized testing. A one-sample t test, an independent-samples t test, and a hierarchical linear regression were conducted. Results: Average scores on BID were not significantly different from the population mean. Patients with moderate/marked concern were more likely to be female and had higher body mass index values, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores, and Quality of Life in Neurological Disorders Stigma T-scores. There were no age differences. No MS-specific variables significantly predicted BID. Conclusions: People with MS show approximately the same levels of BID as the general population. Higher BID was associated with being female and with higher body mass index, depression, and stigma. No MS-specific variables predicted higher BID after controlling for significant variables. Given the evidence in the literature of the negative effects of BID on health behaviors and mood, it is important to explore whether other factors affect BID in people with MS.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Physical Development of Children of Secondary School Age: аn Analysis of the Results of a Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyla S. Namazova-Baranova ◽  
Ksenia A. Yeletskaya ◽  
Elena V. Kaytukova ◽  
Svetlana G. Маkarova
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Prospective Assessment ◽  
The Russian Federation

Background.Physical development is one of the leading criteria for assessing the health status of children. The body mass index (BMI) is a reliable sign of physical development disorders. The possibility of diagnosing childhood obesity, a significant problem of modern healthcare service, is of particular value. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of obesity, overweight, and underweight in students aged 11 and 15 years attending educational institutions in the regions of the Russian Federation.Methods.The data is based on a prospective assessment of the screening of children. A total of 2,540 children were examined, the study included data of 2,023 schoolchildren of both sexes aged 11 and 15 years. The BMI calculation was assessed using SDS tables and centile scales (WHO, 2007).Results.When assessing the body mass index in 11-year-old boys in the regions of Russia according to SDS, obesity was determined in 18.6% of cases, overweight — in 15.4% of cases, and underweight — in 5.4% of cases. In 15-year-old boys, obesity was detected in 10% of cases, overweight — in 11.5% of cases, and underweight — in 8.5% of cases. In girls aged 11 and 15 years, obesity was detected in 9.2% and 3.6% of cases, overweight — in 14.3% and 10.5% of cases, underweight — in 10.5% and 8.9% of cases, respectively.Conclusion.In the Russian Federation, cases of underweight or overweight were detected, but these indicators do not exceed the number of children with normal parameters. A high proportion of obese boys is detected mainly due to 11-year-olds. More cases of obesity were registered in girls aged comparing with 15-year-old girls.

Anthropometric Parameters among Children Under 6 Years with Stunting

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227
Author(s):  
Abdul Malik Setiawan ◽  
Apriyani Puji Hastuti
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Anthropometric Parameter ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

Anthropometric measurement is a quantitative measurement as a nutritional status and can describe composition of the body. Stunting is when children have a low height-for-age. There are potential causes of stunting in Indonesia, including factor maternal nutritional status, breastfeeding practice, complementary feeding practice, exposure to infection, and related distal determinants such as education, dietary pattern, health care, and water sanitation hygiene. The objective of the research was to assess the association between gender, age and anthropometric parameters (weight-for-age, weight-for-height, body mass index for age) among children-under-six-years with stunting.  The research used a cross sectional method which used documentation research of gender, weight, height or length and age reports of 25.158 children under six years. The anthropometric parameters of the children were categorized using weight-for-age (WAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ), body mass index for age. This research used spearman rank test and binary logistic regression to analyze association between gender, age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height, body mass index for age, and height or length-for-age. Results: There were male 14.027 (55.8%), 2-6 years 15.789 (62.8%), with normal anthropometric parameter (weight- for-age, weight-for-height, and body mass index for age in stunted children. There was no significantly correlation between the children's gender and height-for-age (=0.096) and OR 0.993 (0.933- 1.056). Furthermore, there was low significantly correlation between age, anthropometric parameter (weight-for-age WAZ, weight-for-height WHZ and body mass index for age) with height-for-age (=0.000). Stunted children who had normal nutritional status were 0.469 times more likely to experience stunting.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document