scholarly journals Determinant Factors of Food Security in Indonesia

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Arif Wahyu Widada ◽  
Masyhuri Masyhuri ◽  
Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
The World ◽  
The Stability

All countries around the world are dealing the same problem in assuring the sufficiency of food for feeding their people. Indonesia is the biggest agrarian state in South East Asia and the fourth largest state in the world. The challenge faced by Indonesia with a large population is on how food meets the needs of its population, which until now Indonesia has not been able to guarantee the fulfillment of food supply for its population. This study aims to analyze the influence of determinant factors toward Indonesian food security. Binary Logit Model was employed to analyze determinant factors of Indonesian food security. Jonsson and Toole criterion of food security was used to identify Indonesian food security status as dependent variable. This research found that land area, rice production, corn production, soybean production, chicken meat production, beef production, the population density the CPI (Customer Price Index) including the CPI for housing, electricity and gas, the CPI for health, the CPI for transportation and financial services, and FIMI (Food Insecurity Multidimensional Index) have significant influences towards the level of food security in Indonesia. It means that food security could be achieved by not only improving the quantity and quality of consumption, but also improving food supply, the ability to access economically and the stability.

scholarly journals FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN UZBEKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.I Khamidov
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
World Health ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Since January 2020, the world faced one of the largest outbreaks of human history that coronavirus (Covid-19) began spreading among countries across the globe. Plenty of research institutes developed insights and estimations regarding the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on agriculture and food security system. The UN estimations indicate that more than 132 million people around the world may have hunger due to the economic recession as a result of the pandemic. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is pushing forward the strategies in order for increasing food supply in developing countries and providing assistance to food producers and suppliers. World Health Organization (WHO) indicated that the pandemic may not finish by the end of 2020 and countries should be prepared for longer effects within 2021. In this regard, ensuring food security as well as sufficient food supply would be one of the crucial aspects of policy functions in developing countries.

scholarly journals Analysis of Recent Rice Price Dynamics in Bangladesh: Causes and Policy Options

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-69
Author(s):  
Mohammad Chhiddikur Rahman ◽  
Md. Abdur Rouf Sarkar ◽  
Md. Abdus Salam ◽  
Jahangir Alam ◽  
Md. Mosharraf Uddin Molla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Price Hike

Rice availability and affordability are the key determinants of food security in Bangladesh. Therefore, it becomes the most important crop for the social and political economy of the country. Although a tremendous technological advancement contributed to the increasing trend of rice production, its affordability threatened due to the increasing price at the consumers’ level. The recent natural calamities and COVID-19 have worsened the food security status across the world. This research has estimated the demand and supply of rice in the pandemic era and figured out the drivers of recent price hike both in the producers’ and consumers’ levels using empirical and cognitive approaches. Based on the findings, some actionable policy options have been suggested to address the price level of rice in Bangladesh towards sustaining food security.

scholarly journals FOOD SECURITY OF POLTAVA REGION: STATE, TRENDS, EXTRAPOLATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Аlla Rudych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Regional Food ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Stability

One of the main problems of today is to ensure food security of the country and its regions. The level of food security has fluctuations and changes over time, so this situation emphasizes the increasing relevance and stability. Investigating its level in the region, it is advisable to study the features of its dependence on internal factors: the current state of food supply in the region in sufficient quantity, quality and range, the real ability of the population to consume a rational norm of food of proper quality. An important component of the characteristics of food security in the region, in accordance with regulations, are scientifically sound safety indicators. The formation of food security of the country and regions is a holistic complex, which is associated with the macroeconomic development of the state. Food security strategy - functional, involves the development of economic characteristics of the control system and their main criteria, which allow for rapid assessment of regional food security and effective decisions on changes in the parameters of the developed strategy. Based on the dynamics of characteristics, extrapolation (forecast levels) are developed for trends and patterns of development and the parameters of the strategy that affect the change of development trends and fluctuations are adjusted. To comprehensively assess the state of food security in Poltava region, the main indicators were studied: providing the diet with the main types of products, economic affordability of food, the capacity of the domestic market of certain foods and food independence of certain foods. The implementation of these measures should be the basis for the formation of a differentiated system of sustainable food supply of the regions. The criterion of completeness of food supply of the region is the degree of its self-sufficiency, and the criterion of sustainability of food supply is the stability of demand and demand for the main types of products due to local production, import and use of reserve funds. The main conditions for the proper functioning of the food market and providing the population with high quality food are targeted and rational use of available and potential natural, industrial, demographic, social, scientific, technical and investment resources that contribute to the full functioning and development of food security through local production. in accordance with scientifically sound standards.

The National and International Importance of Drought and Salinity Effects on Agricultural Production

1986 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR McWilliam
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Drought Prediction ◽  
The World ◽  
International Importance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

This review examines the impact of drought and salinity on agricultural production in both the semi- arid and humid regions of the world. The frequency and nature of drought events and some recent approaches to drought prediction are discussed along with the distribution of salinity and the various factors leading to its occurrence under both irrigated and dryland conditions. Strategies to minimize the impact of drought and salinity on the rural community and on the stability of land resources have been developed largely in high-income countries. However, because of the high cost, little has been done in the developing world where extensive areas of valuable land are deteriorating, representing a serious threat to food security.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE AGRICULTURAL SPHERE IN THE CONTEXT OF FOOD SECURITY

2018 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Volodymyrivna Derii Zhanna ◽  
Vasylovych Koval Viktor ◽  
Oleksandrivna Sedikova Iryna
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Equal Access ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Population Reduction ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Market ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Access To Food

The importance of food security in the world countries is explored. The food security of the country is characterized by the stability, efficiency and stability of the agro-industrial complex and its ability to respond promptly to changes in demand and supply in the food market; level of transitional grain stocks; solvency of the population, in order to ensure equal access to food for all segments of the population; reduction of import dependence

scholarly journals Adopting deficit irrigation as a strategy to enhance food security in Botswana

1969 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
A Clift–Hill
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
The World ◽  
Imported Food ◽  
Resultant Increase

Food security can be defined as ensuring that all people, at all times, have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and preferences for an active and healthy life. Most countries aim to achieve food security by maximising production and thus reducing the reliance on imported food. Botswana is a net food importing developing country (NFIDC). The average annual food import bill over the last three years has been six billion Pula. The value of imported food as a proportion of all merchandise imports fell from 14.2% in 2000 to 8.7% in 2015. This resulted in Botswana’s ranking in the world moving from position 63 in 2000 to 100 in 2015. In this study, data provided by Statistics Botswana were disaggregated to separate foodstuff from beverages and tobacco. Over the last three years, one fifth of imported food valued at just over one billion Pula per year, has been staple cereals (sorghum, maize and wheat). Seventy five per cent of all imports are from South Africa which makes the country’s position of food insecurity even more precarious. An argument is presented to encourage the irrigation of staple cereal crops so as to increase production and thus substitute for imports, create employment and improve the food security status of the country. In particular, it is argued that deficit irrigation should be adopted as a matter of policy, allowing the most efficient use of limited water resources and resultant increase in irrigated area and quantities of staple foods produced.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Condition and Instruments of the Food Security Regulation of Countries Taking into Account the Inequality of Their Economic Development and Instability of the World Trade in the Conditions of a Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-140
Author(s):  
Elena Gushchina ◽  
Darja Babkina
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Food System ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
The State ◽  
The World ◽  
Food Security Indicators ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Security Indicators

The differentiation by the level and quality of life, the inequality of income distribution in the worlds regions, as well as occurring global problems reveal the need to assess the degree of stability of state food security systems and search for adequate methods for its regulation at the interstate level. The paper studies the indicators that are used to determine the level of food security of countries in general and the stability of development of their agricultural sector, in particular. Studying the dynamics of food security indicators makes it possible to identify a number of factors that impede the achievement of an optimal level of stability of food systems in different regions of the world and to reveal the dependence of the state of food security on countries economy and social development. The ways of improving the system of ensuring food security of countries are proposed, and threats and prospects for the development of the world and domestic food markets in changing geopolitical circumstances are assessed. Modern methodological approaches to assessing food security and methods for its regulation, as well as the state of affairs in ensuring the stability of the development of the food system in Russia in the conditions of a pandemic, are considered.

scholarly journals Designing Rice for the 22nd Century: Towards a Rice with an Enhanced Productivity and Efficient Photosynthetic Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2623-2634
Author(s):  
Rabin Thapa ◽  
Nabin Bhusal
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Large Population ◽  
World Population ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Global Food

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has been cultivated as an important cereal crop for more than 9,000 years and more than half of the world’s population depend on rice as it is their primary source of energy. Almost 30% of the current world cereal production is represented by the rice alone. It is estimated that the world’s population will reach 9.1 billion by 2050 i.e. 34 percent higher than today and for ensuring an ample amount of food and nutrition to such large population, global consumption of cereals will need to increase from 2.6 to 2.9 billion tonnes by 2027. On the other hand, the impacts of climate change in agriculture are expected to be negative, threatening the global food security. Besides, agriculture and global food security will be severely affected due to the COVID-19 pandemics as its after-effects are yet to be ascertained. The world needs an introduction of a new “Green revolution” in agriculture to increase crop production for food security and biofuel, because conventional breeding method have not brought much of gains not keeping its pace with the world population growth. Hence, the current study was done to review the various ongoing approaches and possible ways of designing a rice with enhanced productivity and photosynthetic capacity. One of the ways to increase yields, photosynthetic capacity accompanied by an increased Water Use Efficiency (WUE) and Nutrient Use Efficiency could be to introduce C4 traits into rice. Besides, genetic engineering using CRISPR-Cas9, molecular breeding, developing ideotype, heterosis breeding, developing apomictic rice, nitrogen fixing rice, use of nanotechnology as well as precision farming are the probable future approaches for designing a rice with high productivity. However, there are challenges and limitations in developing such rice and further research in this matter could help us get closer to developing the future rice.

scholarly journals Prudential exception in the case “Argentina-Financial Services”

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Dilyara Rustemovna Gatina
Keyword(s):  
Financial Market ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
National Level ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Risk Prevention ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Shed Light

This article discusses the conclusions of the World Trade Organization Dispute Settlement Body (WTO DSB) on the case “Argentina – Financial Services” pertaining to interpretation of the Paragraph 2 (a) of the Annex on Financial Services to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), which contains a prudential exception that allows the countries, regardless of their obligations in accordance with GATS, taking measures on the national level that are aimed at maintaining stability in the domestic financial market. The need for studying the approaches applied due to interpretation of this norm, is substantiated by the ambiguous wording of the Paragraph 2 (a) of the Annex on Financial Services, which raises questions on its proper application. The author attempts to give assessment to the decisions of the Arbitration Group on the interpretation of prudential exception, as well as shed light on the instances of its application. This article is the first work within the Russian legal science dedicated to examination of the peculiarities of application of prudential exception. Having analyzed the corresponding provision of GATS, as well as the decisions of the Arbitration Group on the case “Argentina – Financial Services”, the author concludes that virtually any measure introduced by the government on the national level, which serves the purpose of risk prevention that may create a threat to the stability and integrity of the financial market of the country and normal activity of the participant of the financial services market, can fall under Paragraph 2 (a). At the same time, the key and practically the only obstacle for abuse such norm consists in the need to adhere to the principle of good faith in the context of implementation of the corresponding prudential measures.

scholarly journals MIXED FARMING AMONG HERDER HOUSEHOLDS IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madu Ali Bwala ◽  
Alhassan Mohammed Alhassan ◽  
Sharafadeen Olayinka Adedeji
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Subsistence Level ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
The Right ◽  
Household Farm ◽  
Economic Motives ◽  
Tuber Crops

The notion that herder households only restrict their livelihood strategy to the rearing of livestock most often than not excludes the group from the right to access land for the agricultural activity they engage in. This study investigated the participation of herder households in sedentary agriculture (crop production) in Niger state, Nigeria. Findings from this study show that herder households in the study area are no longer strictly livestock keepers; they participate in crop production just like crop farmers who also combine the cultivation of crops with livestock keeping. The results also revealed that most herder households (66%) that engage in crop production cultivate cereals; other crops cultivated by herder households in the study area include tuber crops (22%) and vegetables. Regarding herder household farm outputs, most of the harvests are at the subsistence level, with the harvests ranging between 300 kg and 750 kg. Identified drivers of herder households’ participation in crop production include: duration of stay in a particular locality, increase in household size, economic motives (grain price), and reducing the dependence on crop farmers for food supply. Therefore, this study recommends that interest of herder households in cultivating crops be sustained and encouraged. The participation of herder households in crop production will enhance their own food security status in the first instance and throughout the area in general.

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