scholarly journals IN VITRO EVALUATION OF CYTOTOXIC AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF PLANT EXTRACTS FROM NOTHAPODYTES FOETIDA (WIGHT) SLEUMER (FAMILY: ICACINACEAE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 284
Author(s):  
Kailas D Datkhile ◽  
Pratik P Durgawale ◽  
Madhavi N Patil
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Nothapodytes Foetida

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of aqueous and methanolic extracts of the aerial parts of Nothapodytes foetida (Wight) Sleumer plant.Methods: The cytotoxic effects of aqueous and methanol extract of leaves and stem bark on cell viability of HeLa, MCF7, and HCT-15 cell lines was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide assay. We also confirmed the genotoxic effects of plant extracts through DNA fragmentation in cancer cells and expression pattern of apoptotic genes including p53 and caspase-3 analyzed by semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting techniques.Results: The present study revealed that, when plant extract was tested for cytotoxic activity, the data obtained from cell viability results of HeLa and MCF7 cells revealed that methanol extract of leaves and stem bark exhibited a range of significant cytotoxic activities in a dose-dependent manner varying from 2.5 to 25 μg/mL, whereas an aqueous extract of leaves and stem bark showed decreased cell viability with an increase in the concentration of both the extracts from 5 to 50 μg/mL.Conclusion: These results indicated that the crude extract aerial parts of N. foetida plant contain promising substances having a potential as cytotoxic agent.

scholarly journals Identification of Major α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Stem Bark of Panamanian Mangrove Plant Pelliciera rhizophorae

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1901400
Author(s):  
Lilia Cherigo ◽  
Sergio Martínez-Luis
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Pentacyclic Triterpenes ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Pelliciera Rhizophorae ◽  
First Time

In our continuous search for α-glucosidase inhibitors, three active pentacyclic triterpenes were isolated from stem bark samples of the Panamanian mangrove Pelliciera rhizophorae Triana & Planchon. These compounds were identified by both spectroscopic and spectrometric analysis. Of the isolated compounds, only betulinic acid has been previously isolated from P. rhizophorae leaves while both betulin (IC50 2.09 μM) and lupeol (IC50 0.58 μM) were isolated from this plant for the first time. All three pentacyclic triterpenes inhibited the α-glucosidase enzyme in a concentration-dependent manner, and their inhibitory activity was higher than that of the antidiabetic drug acarbose (IC50 241.6 μM). Kinetic analysis established that betulin and lupeol acted as competitive inhibitors. Finally, docking analysis suggested that all three triterpenes bind at the same site as acarbose does in the human intestinal α-glucosidase (PDB: 3TOP). This work contributes further evidence similar to previous studies that point out that the aerial parts of P. rhizophorae might be potential agents in controlling hyperglycemia in diabetic persons.

Anti-Snake Venom, Anti-Arthritic and Cytotoxic Activities of Tectona grandis L. f. Stem Bark (Lamiaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Adebayo Gbolade ◽  
Oluwasegun Adedokun ◽  
Ogochukwu Ume ◽  
Johnkennedy Onyechege ◽  
Cynthia Mkparu
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Proteinase Inhibition

Tectona grandis L. f. (Lamiaceae) is famous for timber production and has been used in traditional medicine for treating bronchitis, liver-related  roubles, urinary discharge amongst other diseases. Methanol extract of  the stem bark was investigated for in vivo antiophidian assay against Bitis arietans and Naja nigricollis. Also, the extract and chromatographic fractions were subjected to cytotoxicity tests using tadpole model and  antiarthritic assay by proteinase inhibition. Chromatography of crude methanol extract afforded three highly polar vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) fractions (BVLC-1, BVLC-2 and BVLC-3). BVLC-2 further gave four semi-pure uncharacterized isolates (I, II, III, IV). Only BVLC-2 and BVLC-3 were cytotoxic at 10 - 80 mg/ml, with BVLC-3 being most potent (100% mortality, LC50 40 mg/ml). Concentration-dependent proteinase enzyme inhibition (24 - 71%) at 200 - 1000 μg/ml of BVLC-2 was observed, and this was less (IC50 659.24 μg/ml) than the activity of the standard drug, acetyl salicylic acid. However, neutralization of B. arietans and N. nigricollis snake venoms using methanol extract was not dose-dependent, but the extract atthe least dose, 50 mg/kg offered better protection (75%) on Naja nigricollis envenomed-mice in 48 h. Its activity was comparable to that of the positive antivenin tested at 0.2 mg/kg. These findings justify the folkloric use of T. grandis in the treatment of snake bites, arthritic conditions, and oxidative stress-induced diseases. Keywords: Tectona grandis, methanol extract, anti-snake venom activity, tadpole cytotoxicity, anti-arthritic activity

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Penghambatan Xantin Oksidase Kulit Batang Songi (Dillenia serrata Thunb.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159
Author(s):  
Carla Wulandari Sabandar ◽  
Juriyati Jalil ◽  
Norizan Ahmat ◽  
Nor-Ashila Aladdin ◽  
Harni Sartika Kamaruddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Organic Fractions

Songi (Dillenia serrata) is a tree endemic to Southeast Sulawesi and its stem bark been used in folk medicine. Nonetheless, only a handful scientific knowledge regarding chemistry and biological activities has been investigated on the plant. The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity of the stem bark of the plant. Methanol extract and organic fractions (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and methanol) of the dried powdered stem bark of songi were evaluated for phytochemical screening, total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH, FRAP, and XO in vitro assays. Flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, and saponins present in the extract. TPC and TFC in extract were 59.2 mg GAE/g and 23.4 mg QE/g. The contents in organic fractions were in solvent-dependent manner (methanol>ethyl acetate>petroleum ether). Extract and fractions scavenged DPPH radicals (48.2–59.7%) at 100 μg/mL compared to ascorbic acid, trolox, and gallic acid (90.3–93.8%). FRAP values varied from 0.8–3.4 μg/μg equivalent trolox amount (quercetin and gallic acid were 25.7 dan 32.4 μg/μg, respectively). They also inhibited xanthine oxidase (15.3–50.3%) at 100 μg/mL (allopurinol, 98.2%). The study concluded the potential of methanol extract and organic fraction of the stem bark of songi, thus highlighted the prospect of songi to be used in herbal and drugs development from nature.

Potential Mechanisms Involved in the Anticonvulsant Effect of Methanol Extract of Pyrenancantha staudtii in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-154
Author(s):  
Olayemi K. Wakeel ◽  
Oluropo B. Awosan ◽  
Oyetunji T. Kolawole ◽  
Akeem A. Ayankunle ◽  
Olukunle J. Onaolapo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Pre Treatment

Objective: To determine the potential effect of Pyrenancantha staudtii extract on experimentally induced seizures in mice and to evaluate the role of benzodiazepines, naloxone, and serotonin within these pathways. Methods: Animal behaviours were evaluated using open field, hexobarbitone-induced sleep model, and anticonvulsant activity using picrotoxin-, or strychnine-, or isoniazid-induced convulsions. Attempt to understand the mode of action of the anticonvulsant activity of the plant, three notable antagonists (flumazenil, 3 mg/kg; naloxone 5 mg/kg, i.p., and cyproheptadine, 4 mg/kg, i.p) were used. Results: The results revealed a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the frequency of rearing and grooming episodes compared with the control. The extract of P. staudtii potentiates the sleeping time of hexobarbitone-induced hypnosis in a dose-related manner. P. staudtii stem bark extracts significantly (p<0.05) prolonged the onset of a seizure and attenuated the duration of seizure in a dose-dependent manner in picrotoxin- and or isoniazid-induced seizures. While, P. staudtii stem bark extract at all doses (100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1) though significantly prolonged the onset of action, but did not confer any significant changes on the duration, as well as mortality in this strychnine-induced seizure model. However, the anticonvulsant activity of the methanolic extract of P. staudtii was significantly reversed following intraperitoneal pre-treatment with flumazenil (GABA receptor antagonist) and naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist) but not cyproheptadine (5-HT2 receptor antagonist) in picrotoxin-induced convulsion. Conclusion: The data obtained suggest that methanol extract of P. staudtii possessed significant anticonvulsant effect, thereby confirming the traditional uses of P. staudtii in the treatment of epilepsy; mechanisms of which could involve the interaction with GABAergic and or opioidergic system.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory effect of the methanol extract from Anthocephalus cadamba stem bark in animal models

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kodangala Subraya Chandrashekar ◽  
Kodangala Subraya Prasanna ◽  
Borthakur Abinash
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Cellular Migration ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Design And Methods ◽  
Anthocephalus Cadamba ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Background:<em> Anthocephalus cadamba </em>(Rebox)Miq. (Rubiaceae) is widely distributed throughout the greater part of India, especially at low levels in wet place. Traditionally the bark is used as tonic, febrifuge and to reduce the pain and inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effect of methanol extract obtained from <span style="font-style: italic;"> Anthocephalus cadamba </span> aerial parts, MEAC, were investigated in this study. Design and methods: The effects of MEAC on the acute and chronic phases of inflammation were studied in carrageenan, dextran and mediators (histamine and serotonin) induced paw edema and cotton pallet-induced granuloma, respectively. The anti-edema effect of MEAC was compared with 10 mg/kg of indomethacin orally. Results: The results suggested that MEAC possess potent anti-inflammatory activity. The acute inflammatory model showed that all the doses of MEAC effectively suppressed the edema produced by histamine, so it may be suggested that its anti-inflammatory activity is possibly backed by its antihistaminic activity. In chronic inflammatory model the effect may be due to the cellular migration to injured sites and accumulation of collagen and mucopolysaccharide. Conclusions: On the basis of these findings, it may be inferred that <span style="font-style: italic;"> Anthocephalus cadamba </span> is an anti-inflammatory agent and the results are in agreement with its traditional use.

scholarly journals Anticancer drug discovery from Iranian Chrysanthemum cultivars through system pharmacology exploration and experimental validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboobeh Hodaei ◽  
Mehdi Rahimmalek ◽  
Mandana Behbahani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Breast Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Docking Method ◽  
Mcf 7

AbstractBreast cancer is the most common carcinoma in women, and natural products would be effective preventing some side effects of cancer treatment. In the present study, cytotoxic activities of different Iranian Chrysanthemum morifolium cultivars were evaluated in human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) and human lymphocytes. A systems pharmacology approach was employed between major compounds of these cultivars (chlorogenic acid, luteolin, quercetin, rutin, ferulic acid, and apigenin) and known breast cancer drugs (tucatinib, methotrexate, tamoxifen, and mitomycin) with 22 breast cancer-related targets to analyze the mechanism through which Chrysanthemum cultivars act on breast cancer. Target validation was performed by the molecular docking method. The results indicated that Chrysanthemum extracts inhibited the proliferation of MCF7 cells in a dose- and cultivar-dependent manner. In all studied cultivars, the most effective extract concentration with the lowest viability of MCF-7 cells, was as much as 312 µg ml−1. Also, higher concentrations of the extracts (> 1000 µg ml−1) reduced the lymphocyte cell viability, demonstrating that these doses were toxic. The gene ontology analysis revealed the therapeutic effects of Chrysanthemum’s active compounds on breast cancer by regulating the biological processes of their protein targets. Moreover, it has been documented that rutin, owing to its anticancer effects and several other health benefits, is a promising multi-targeted herbal ingredient. Finally, the present study compared different Iranian Chrysanthemum cultivars to provide new insights into useful pharmaceutical applications.

Investigation of the Biological Activities of Different Extracts from Dipsacus laciniatus Aerial Parts

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Turgut Taşkın ◽  
Yeliz Akkılıç ◽  
Berna Özbek Çelik ◽  
İsmail Şenkardeş ◽  
Özlem B. Özakpınar
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Normal Cell Line ◽  
Aerial Parts

Background: The aerial parts of Dipsacus laciniatus are traditionally used in the treatment of colds as cold tea; decoction prepared from its roots and aerial parts are used for the treatment of diabetes and cancer, respectively. The extraction procedures and solvents are important steps in the processing of bioactive constituents from the plant materials. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase and cytotoxic activities for the first time in plant’s different extracts. Methods: The antioxidant activities of extracts were examined using FRAP and CUPRAC methods, including total phenolic and flavonoids contents. In addition, the antimicrobial, anticholinesterase and cytotoxic activities of extracts were investigated using microdilution, Ellman and MTT methods, respectively. Results: In the present study, methanol extract showed stronger iron (III) ion reduction (FRAP) and copper (II) ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) than other extracts and also contained higher total phenolic and flavonoid compounds. It was also found that there was a linear relationship between antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in this study. It was demonstrated that the chloroform and methanol extracts showed moderate antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis and C. albicans strains. The chloroform extract had a strong and selective cytotoxic activity for the MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines, while the methanol extract showed low cytotoxic activity on the same cell lines. In addition, according to the obtained data, chloroform extract showed a toxic effect on normal cell line (NIH/3T3), but other extracts showed no toxic effect. Conclusion: Since methanol extract has no toxic effect on normal cell line and has strong antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activity, it is thought that this extract may be useful as an antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial agents in the future.

scholarly journals Antiulcerogenic Activity of 1-Hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone Isolated from the Methanol Extract of Anthocleista vogelii PLANCH. in Rats

Ulcers ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilbert Ateufack ◽  
Télesphore B. Nguelefack ◽  
Hippolyte K. Wabo ◽  
Pierre Tane ◽  
Albert Kamanyi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gastric Mucus ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
Pylorus Ligation ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Antiulcerogenic Activity

Anthocleista vogelii (Loganiaceae) PLANCH. is used in Cameroonian ethnomedicine for the treatment of stomach ache and for curing fever and is used as purgative. Further investigations have shown that the stem bark of this plant possesses potent antiulcer properties. We have investigated the cytoprotective and antisecretory actions of 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone (AV), the xanthone obtained from the methanol extract of the stem bark. Oral administration of AV at the doses of 1, 2, and 5 mg/kg prevented in a dose-dependent manner ulcers induced by HCl/ethanol (60.90 to 93.22%), Indometacin (46.86 to 89.68%), and pylorus ligation (0.00 to 70.69%). AV reduced pylorus-ligated gastric acid secretion from 134.17 mEq/l in the controls to 118.55, 121.50, and 96.93 mEq/l, respectively, for the 1, 2, and 5 mg/kg doses and increased mucus secretion significantly in a dose-dependent manner in all experimental models. The cytoprotective and antisecretory properties of AV could thus be due to its ability to strengthen gastric mucosal defences through enhanced gastric mucus production.

scholarly journals In vitro anti-urease, antioxidant, anticholinesterase, cytotoxic and in vivo anti-inflammatory potential of Satureja cuneifolia Ten.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-232
Author(s):  
Turgut TASKIN ◽  
Murat DOGAN ◽  
Muhammet E. CAM ◽  
Talip SAHIN ◽  
Ismail SENKARDES
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Direct Methanol ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Satureja cuneifolia Ten. (wild savoury) belongs to the Lamiaceae family and is used to produce essential oil and aromatic water. This plant is also used as a condiment and herbal tea due to its stimulating, tonic and carminative effects. The in vitro antioxidant, anti-urease, anticholinesterase and cytotoxic activities of the different extracts from the plant’s aerial parts were examined. Besides, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of the fraction and direct methanol extracts were determined comparatively. In the current study, fraction methanol extract exhibited the strongest ABTS (52.34 mM trolox/mg extract) radical scavenging and ferric reduction (17.22 mM Fe2+/mg extract) activity. It was also found that the fraction methanol extract had stronger anti-urease (12.52%) and anticholinesterase (69.02%) activity than other extracts.  The XTT results showed that fraction methanol extract had the most cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 cell lines (39.92%).  According to the results of in vivo anti-inflammatory activity, it was found that both fraction and direct methanol extracts exhibited close and significant anti-inflammatory activity. The fact that methanol extracts have significant biological activity suggests that these may be used as a natural source in the future.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Extracts of Glochidion multiloculare

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Selina Kabir ◽  
AM Sarwaruddin Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad A Rashid ◽  
Choudhury M Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Ether Fraction

The current study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of methanol extract (MEGM), petroleum ether fraction (PEFGM), carbontetrachloride fraction (CTFGM), chloroform fraction (CFFGM) and aquous fraction (AQFGM) of stem bark of Glochidion multiloculare (Euphorbiaceae). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion method and cytotoxic activity by brine shrimp lethality bioassay. In case of antimicrobial screening the CFFGM showed moderate inhibitory activity against B. subtilis having the zone size 12 mm and against Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli were 11 mm, while in the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the petroleum ether soluble fraction revealed the highest cytotoxicity having LC50 of 3.11 g/ml. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v10i1.16273 J Sci Foundation, January-June 2012;10(1):1-11

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