PENGARUH VARIASI WAKTU TAHAN SINTERING TERHADAP HIDROKSIAPATIT BERPORI DARI TULANG IKAN TENGGIRI (Scomberomorus guttatus)

Tulang ikan tenggiri memiliki kandungan kalsium dan fosfor. Sehingga tulang ikan dapat dibuat biomaterial hydroxyapatite berpori, Hydroxyapatite berpori cocok untuk merekontruksi tulang. pori yang terbentuk berfungsi sebagai media pembentukan jaringan sel tulang yang tumbuh untuk meningkatkan regenerasi tulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh variasi waktu tahan sintering dari hydroxyapatite berpori pada tulang ikan tenggiri. Bubuk CaO dibuat dari tulang ikan yang di rendam menggunakan NaOH dan aseton lalu difurnace 800°C. Bubuk CaO ditambahkan H3PO4. Atur pH hingga 10 dengan menambahkan NaOH lalu difurnace 900oC dengan lama pengendapan 12 dan 24 jam lalu dianalisa XRD. Hydroxyapatite yang didapatkan ditambahkan Polimer kitosan. selanjutnya dianalisa dengan SEM,PSA dan Hardness tester. Hasil Analisa XRF didapatkan CaO 50,814%. Hasil XRD pada pengendapan 12jam terbentuk senyawa hydroxyapatite dan trikalsium bis(phosphate(V)Ca3(PO4)2), sedangkan pengendapan 24jam terbentuk senyawa hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH) murni. Analisa SEM dilakukan pada variasi waktu sintering 4,5 dan 6 jam didapatkan morfologi yang tidak seragam. Hasil PSA pada waktu 4jam 0,873μm, 5jam 0,808μm dan 6jam 1,123μm. Uji Hardness Tester pada waktu 4jam 50 N, 5jam 54,1 N dan 6 jam 32,6 N. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa variasi waktu tahan sintering mempengaruhi sifat mekanik dan pada variasi lama pengendapan akan mempengaruhi pembentukan senyawa hydroksiapatite. Mackerel fish bones contain calcium and phosphorus. So that fish bones can be made porous hydroxyapatite biomaterial, porous Hydroxyapatite is suitable for bone reconstruction. The pore formed functions as a medium for the formation of bone tissue that grows to increase bone regeneration. This study aims to look at the effect of variations in the sintering resistant time of porous hydroxyapatite on mackerel fish bones. CaO powder is made from fish bones soaked using NaOH and acetone and then mixed with 800 ° C. CaO powder added H3PO4. Set the pH to 10 by adding NaOH then 900oC refined with a deposition time of 12 and 24 hours and then analyzed by XRD. Hydroxyapatite obtained was added with chitosan polymer. then analyzed with SEM, PSA and Hardness tester. XRF analysis results obtained CaO 50,814%. XRD results on 12 hours deposition of pure hydroxyapatite and tricalcium bis (phosphate (V)Ca3(PO4)2) compounds, while 24 hours deposition of pure hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(OH) compounds were formed. and 6 hours obtained non-uniform morphology, PSA results at 4 hours 0.873μm, 5 hours 0.808μm and 6 hours 1.123μm Hardness Tester test at 4 hours 50 N, 5 hours 54.1 N and 6 hours 32.6 N. It can be concluded that variation of sintering holding time affects the mechanical properties and the variation of the depositional time will affect the formation of hydroxyapatite compounds.

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Bone Regeneration in Critical-Sized Bone Defects Treated with Additively Manufactured Porous Metallic Biomaterials: The Effects of Inelastic Mechanical Properties

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13081992 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1992

Author(s):

Marianne Koolen ◽

Saber Amin Yavari ◽

Karel Lietaert ◽

Ruben Wauthle ◽

Amir A. Zadpoor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Bulk Material ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽

Bony Tissue ◽

Metallic Biomaterials ◽

Cp Ti ◽

Porous Biomaterials

Additively manufactured (AM) porous metallic biomaterials, in general, and AM porous titanium, in particular, have recently emerged as promising candidates for bone substitution. The porous design of such materials allows for mimicking the elastic mechanical properties of native bone tissue and showed to be effective in improving bone regeneration. It is, however, not clear what role the other mechanical properties of the bulk material such as ductility play in the performance of such biomaterials. In this study, we compared the bone tissue regeneration performance of AM porous biomaterials made from the commonly used titanium alloy Ti6Al4V-ELI with that of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti). CP-Ti was selected because of its high ductility as compared to Ti6Al4V-ELI. Critical-sized (6 mm diameter) femoral defects in rats were treated with implants made from both Ti6Al4V-ELI and CP-Ti. Bone regeneration was assessed up to 11 weeks using micro-CT scanning. The regenerated bone volume was assessed ex vivo followed by histology and biomechanical testing to assess osseointegration of the implants. The bony defects treated with AM CP-Ti implants generally showed higher volumes of regenerated bone as compared to those treated with AM Ti6Al4V-ELI. The torsional strength of the two titanium groups were similar however, and both considerably lower than those measured for intact bony tissue. These findings show the importance of material type and ductility of the bulk material in the ability for bone tissue regeneration of AM porous biomaterials.

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Zinc-containing bioactive glasses for bone regeneration, dental and orthopedic applications

Biomedical glasses ◽

10.1515/bglass-2015-0006 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Preethi Balasubramanian ◽

Leonie A. Strobel ◽

Ulrich Kneser ◽

Aldo R. Boccaccini

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Human Body ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

The Body ◽

Biological Behavior ◽

Bioactive Glasses ◽

Immune System Cell

AbstractZinc is a vital and beneficial trace element found in the human body. Though found in small proportions, zinc performs a variety of functions in relation to the immune system, cell division, fertility and the body growth and maintenance. In particular, zinc is proven to be a necessary element for the formation, mineralization, development and maintenance of healthy bones. Considering this attractive attributes of zinc, recent research has widely focused on using zinc along with silicate-based bioactive glasses for bone tissue engineering applications. This paper reviews relevant literature discussing the significance of zinc in the human body, along with its ability to enhance antibacterial effects, bioactivity and distinct physical, structural and mechanical properties of bioactive glasses. In this context, even if the present analysis is not meant to be exhaustive and only representative studies are discussed, literature results confirm that it is essential to understand the properties of zinc-containing bioactive glasses with respect to their in vitro biological behavior, possible cytotoxic effects and degradation characteristics to be able to effectively apply these glasses in bone regeneration strategies. Topics attracting increasing research efforts in this field are elaborated in detail in this review, including a summary of the structural, physical, biological and mechanical properties of zinc-containing bioactive glasses. This paper also presents an overview of the various applications in which zinc-containing bioactive glasses are considered for use as bone tissue scaffolds, bone filling granules, bioactive coatings and bone cements, and advances and remaining challenges are highlighted.

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Reinforcing of Porous Hydroxyapatite Ceramics with Hydroxyapatite Fibres for Enhanced Bone Tissue Engineering

Journal of Biomimetics Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.10.67 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 67-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lie Feng Liang ◽

Xiao Yi Han ◽

Xiao Cai Yan ◽

Jie Weng

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Test Machine ◽

Porous Structures ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽

Hydroxyapatite Ceramics ◽

Ceramic Implants

Porous hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramic implants have attracted attention in bone tissue engineering due to their excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility due to their chemical similarity with the mineral component of natural bone. Unfortunately, HA when is formed into porous structures exhibits very low compression strength. In this study, fabrication of porous HA ceramic scaffolds containing HA fibers is presented. The primary aim of the study is to improve mechanical properties of the scaffold by introducing the fiber with uniform component relative to the scaffold. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface morphology and pore size of the scaffold. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to detect the phase composition and crystallinity of the scaffold. The compressive strength was determined using a universal material test machine. The results and the characterizations demonstrate the addition of HA fiber could enhance the uniformity of mechanical properties among samples and also the strength for a given open porosity.

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Injectable Silanized Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel/Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Granule Composites with Improved Handling and Biodegradability Promote Bone Regeneration in Rabbits

Biomaterials Science ◽

10.1039/d1bm00403d ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Killian Flegeau ◽

Olivier Gauthier ◽

Gildas Rethore ◽

Florent Autrusseau ◽

Aurelie Schaefer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Hyaluronic Acid ◽

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽

Bone Reconstruction ◽

Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel

Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) granules are osteoconductive biomaterials used in clinics to favor bone reconstruction. Yet, poor cohesivity, injectability and mechanical properties restrain their use as bone fillers. In this...

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Nanomaterials-based Cell Osteogenic Differentiation and Bone Regeneration

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x15666200521083834 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 36-47

Author(s):

Tianxu Zhang ◽

Yang Gao ◽

Weitong Cui ◽

Yanjing Li ◽

Dexuan Xiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Osteogenic Differentiation ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Unique Chemical

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, various nanomaterials have been applied to bone repair and regeneration. Due to the unique chemical, physical and mechanical properties, nanomaterials could promote stem cells osteogenic differentiation, which has great potentials in bone tissue engineering and exploiting nanomaterials-based bone regeneration strategies. In this review, we summarized current nanomaterials with osteo-induction ability, which could be potentially applied to bone tissue engineering. Meanwhile, the unique properties of these nanomaterials and their effects on stem cell osteogenic differentiation are also discussed. Furthermore, possible signaling pathways involved in the nanomaterials- induced cell osteogenic differentiation are also highlighted in this review.

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Porous Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan/Carboxymethyl Cellulose Scaffolds with Tunable Microstructures for Bone Tissue Engineering

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.819.9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 819 ◽

pp. 9-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kanharit Wongsawichai ◽

Arada Kingkaew ◽

Aninart Pariyaisut ◽

Supang Khondee

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽

Porous Microstructure

Bone tissue engineering is an alternative approach to generate bone using biomaterials and cells. Hydroxyapatite (HA) has good biocompatibility, osteoinductivity, and osteoconductivity. However, it has limited utility due to poor mechanical properties and slow degradation rate. To improve mechanical properties and to modify degradation profile, hydroxyapatite was tethered in chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) complex. Gelatin was incorporated to promote cell attachment and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used to improve mechanical strength of this scaffold. The physico-mechanical and biological properties of these scaffolds were investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed the incorporation of hydroxyapatite in polymer matrix. The scaffolds had density, compressive strength, and Young’s modulus in the range of 0.24-0.30 g/cm3, 0.028-0.035 MPa, 0.178-0.560 MPa, respectively. The scaffolds had porosity of 69-91 percent. Higher content of PVA decreased porosity of scaffolds. Scanning electron microscope showed porous microstructure with pore size in the range of 60-183 μm. In vitro test on MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells showed negligible cytotoxicity of scaffolds. The data suggested that HA/CS/CMC/gelatin/PVA scaffold has potential applications in bone tissue engineering.

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A Nanomechanical Investigation of Engineered Bone Tissue Comparing Elastoplastic and Viscoelastoplastic Modeling

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2017/7472513 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Marco Boi ◽

Gregorio Marchiori ◽

Maria Sartori ◽

Francesca Salamanna ◽

Gabriela Graziani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Elastic Modulus ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Critical Size ◽

Viscosity Index ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Regeneration Process ◽

Active Regeneration ◽

Hydroxyapatite Scaffold

It is common practice to implement the elastoplastic Oliver and Pharr (OP) model to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of mechanical properties of engineered bone. However, the viscoelastoplastic (VEP) model may be preferred being envisaged to provide additional insights into the regeneration process, as it allows evaluating also the viscous content of bone tissue. In this work, the elastic modulus (ER), contact hardness (HC), hardness (H), and viscosity index (ηQ) of newly formed bone tissue regenerated at 4 and 12 weeks from the implantation of a macroporous hydroxyapatite scaffold in a rabbit femoral critical-size model were addressed and compared to the mechanical properties of preexisting bone. Indentation curves were fitted with both the OP and VEP models. The VEP model outlined a wider gap between the mechanical properties of native and regenerated tissue when compared to the OP model. In addition, the VEP model indicated an increase of the viscosity index from 4 to 12 weeks, supporting the evidence of a still active regeneration process. The reported results confirmed the higher ability of VEP model compared to the more diffused OP model to provide important insights into bone mechanical properties, also during the bone regeneration process.

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Influence of Sintering Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti(C,N)-Based Cermet

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13183938 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 3938

Author(s):

Kaixun Ji ◽

Yanxin Meng ◽

Fuzeng Wang ◽

Yousheng Li

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Holding Time ◽

Sintering Process ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Vacuum Sintering ◽

Material Microstructure ◽

Cermet Material ◽

Hardness Tester ◽

Microstructure And Mechanical Properties

In this study, a Ti(C,N)-based cermet material was prepared through vacuum sintering. The research also investigates how holding time and maximum sintering temperature influence the material microstructure and mechanical properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the composition of the cermet. The microstructure of the cermet was analyzed and examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). A Vickers hardness tester was used to test the mechanical properties of the materials. As indicated by testing results, the hardness of the material decreases as the temperature of sintering increases, and its fracture toughness increases gradually as holding time increases. Ti(C,N)-based cermet manifested the optimal mechanical properties when sintering was conducted under 1400 °C with 80 min of holding time. Moreover, the material microstructure is significantly affected by the sintering process. The grain size of Ti(C,N) cermets increases as the sintering temperature increases. The microstructure tends to be uniform and the complete core-rim structures are established as the holding time increases.

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An engineered cell-laden adhesive hydrogel promotes craniofacial bone tissue regeneration in rats

Science Translational Medicine ◽

10.1126/scitranslmed.aay6853 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (534) ◽

pp. eaay6853 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mohammad Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabadi ◽

Patricia Sarrion ◽

Sevda Pouraghaei ◽

Yee Chau ◽

Sahar Ansari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽

Engineering Applications ◽

Craniofacial Bone ◽

Oral Environment ◽

Tunable Mechanical Properties ◽

Craniofacial Tissue

Cell-laden hydrogels are widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, many of these hydrogels are not optimized for use in the oral environment, where they are exposed to blood and saliva. To address these challenges, we engineered an alginate-based adhesive, photocrosslinkable, and osteoconductive hydrogel biomaterial (AdhHG) with tunable mechanical properties. The engineered hydrogel was used as an injectable mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) delivery vehicle for craniofacial bone tissue engineering applications. Subcutaneous implantation in mice confirmed the biodegradability, biocompatibility, and osteoconductivity of the hydrogel. In a well-established rat peri-implantitis model, application of the adhesive hydrogel encapsulating gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) resulted in complete bone regeneration around ailing dental implants with peri-implant bone loss. Together, we have developed a distinct bioinspired adhesive hydrogel with tunable mechanical properties and biodegradability that effectively delivers patient-derived dental-derived MSCs. The hydrogel is photocrosslinkable and, due to the presence of MSC aggregates and hydroxyapatite microparticles, promotes bone regeneration for craniofacial tissue engineering applications.

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THE STRUCTURAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE BONE

Journal of Technology and Exploitation in Mechanical Engineering ◽

10.35784/jteme.538 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 43-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Robert Karpiński ◽

Łukasz Jaworski ◽

Paulina Czubacka

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Mechanical Parameters ◽

Bone Reconstruction ◽

Basic Information ◽

Anatomy And Physiology ◽

Basic Concepts ◽

Structural Adaptations

The work contains basic information on the anatomy and physiology of bone tissue. Basic concepts related to the structure of bone tissue are presented. General issues related to bone reconstruction processes and biomechanical structural adaptations processes were described. Mechanical parameters of bone tissue were presented.

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