Influence of planning decisions on the local climate of residential building of the Krasnodar region and the Primorsk region

Introduction: the article presents the examples of architectural and planning solutions on optimization of courtyard spaces in the southern regions of the Russian Federation, their protection from strong wind, insufficient airing, overheating and solar radiation, as well as anthropogenic and natural ones. In modern Russian construction, insufficient attention is paid to natural and climatic effects. Typical residential housing is used in all regions of the country. The main reason is the lack of regulatory documents for each region, which has its characteristics (presence of water bodies, terrain features, a wind rose, etc.). This problem dictates the need to structure the vital natural and climatic factors which affect the yard territory microclimate. Based on this, compensatory effective improvement methods and solutions that can balance the adverse effect of natural and climatic conditions and create the parameters and norms of architectural and urban planning design are presented. Materials and methods: the article analyzed the following information: standards, guidelines, design and regulatory documents in the field of construction and design, published data, and materials of domestic and foreign scientific research on this subject. Methods of scientific research are based on the use of factor and comparative analyses and the theory of constraints. Results: the article as formed the architectural and planning proposals on the residential area climate-based development. Conclusions: a planning structure based on local natural and climatic consideration (terrain features, the wind rose, etc.) and application of effective methods of territory protection from excessive solar radiation and adverse winds can form a favorable microclimate of a residential building for human comfort habitation. Correct assessment of the climatic features allows making bioclimatic protection economically sound and efficient in terms of energy consumption as well as defining favorable architectural and planning solutions.

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ENERGY SAVING AS A PRIORITY DIRECTION OF STATE POLICY IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD: PROBLEMS OF USING SOLAR ENERGY IN ARCHITECTURE

Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engennering and Architecture ◽

10.31650/2415-377x-2021-83-9-19 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-19

Author(s):

S.S. Ermakova ◽

◽

О.B. Vasylenko ◽

Al Echcheikh El Alaoui ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Residential Buildings ◽

Practical Importance ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Arab Countries ◽

Solar Irradiation ◽

Medieval Architecture ◽

The North

There are aspects of scientific research in the analysis of scientific research in the formation of systems of lighting in architecture: energy conservation, shaping in the internal and external space of architecture, integration, technology, aesthetics and innovation. Buildings and cities were designed and oriented according to specific natural and climatic conditions. When designing public and residential buildings, the main focus was on the orientation of their courtyards relative to the sides of the horizon. According to such compositional techniques, the architectural volumes were designed from the south side of the courtyard, orienting and opening them to the north side. This provided both protection from direct solar radiation and the ability to capture cool northerly winds. A similar approach took place then throughout the entire period of medieval architecture in the Arab countries, where the common areas are oriented to the north. Among the totality of studies of insolation problem and sun protection in architecture, a number of areas stand out: aesthetic, analytical, theoretical, experimental, instrumental, biological and hygienic. For the first time in domestic and foreign science in the 80s of the XX century, the problem of improving the quality of modern architecture is determined by natural and artificial lighting in the main categories (expressiveness, comfort, efficiency). Health-improving and sanitizing effects were of great practical importance in the design of modern buildings. Natural and climatic factors have an important impact on the main categories of architecture quality. The main place is occupied by solar radiation and insolation. The term "insolation" means the total solar irradiation and not only direct, but also reflected and scattered over a certain calculated area, which takes into account the combination of light, ultraviolet and thermal effects of the Sun.

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Photocatalytic-Fenton Process under Simulated Solar Radiation Promoted by a Suitable Catalyst Selection

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11080885 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 885

Author(s):

Aida M. Díez ◽

Helen E. Valencia ◽

Maria Meledina ◽

Joachim Mayer ◽

Yury V. Kolen'ko

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Water Scarcity ◽

Published Data ◽

Fenton Process ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

The Future ◽

Simulated Solar Radiation ◽

Catalyst Selection

Considering water scarcity, photo-based processes have been presented as a depollution technique, which should be optimized in order to be applied in the future. For that, the addition of an active photocatalyst and the usage of solar radiation are mandatory steps. Thus, Fe3O4–SiO2–TiO2 was synthesized, and its performance was evaluated using simulated solar radiation and methylene blue as a model pollutant. Under optimal conditions, 86% degradation was attained in 1 h. These results were compared to recent published data, and the better performance can be attributed to both the operational conditions selection and the higher photocatalyst activity. Indeed, Fe3O4–SiO2–TiO2 was physico-chemically characterized with techniques such as XRD, N2 isotherms, spectrophotometry, FTIR, electrochemical assays and TEM.

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ON THE EFFECTS OF SOLAR RADIATION PRESSURE ON THE DEVIATION OF ASTEROIDS

Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica ◽

10.22201/ia.01851101p.2021.57.02.03 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 279-295

Author(s):

L. O. Marchi ◽

D. M. Sanchez ◽

F. C. F. Venditti ◽

A. F. B. A. Prado ◽

A. K. Misra

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Radiation Pressure ◽

Scientific Research ◽

Orbital Plane ◽

Solar Radiation Pressure ◽

The Sun ◽

Mass Ratio ◽

High Area ◽

Planetary Defense

In this work, we study the effects of solar radiation pressure (SRP) on the problem of changing the orbit of an asteroid to support planetary defense, scientific research, or exploitation of materials. This alternative considers a tethered reflective balloon (or a set of reflective balloons) attached to the asteroid, with a high area-to-mass ratio, to use the SRP to deflect a potentially hazardous asteroid (PHA) or to approximate the target asteroid to Earth. The tether is assumed to be inextensible and massless, and the motion is described only in the orbital plane of the asteroid around the Sun. The model is then used to study the effects that the tether length, the reflectivity coefficient, and the area-to-mass ratio have on the deviation of the trajectory of the asteroid.

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Long-term trends in solar radiation and the associated climatic factors over China for 1961-2000

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-23-2425-2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 2425-2432 ◽

Cited By ~ 121

Author(s):

F. Liang ◽

X. A. Xia

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Sunshine Duration ◽

Cloud Amount ◽

Atmospheric Composition ◽

Abrupt Decrease ◽

Radiative Processes ◽

Aerosol Loading ◽

Long Term Trends

Abstract. Long-term trends in downwelling solar irradiance and associated climatic factors over China are studied in the paper. Decreasing trends in global and direct radiation are observed over much of China. The largest decrease occurs in South and East China (east of about 100° E and south of about 40° N). The spatial pattern of observed trends in diffuse irradiance is complex and inhomogeneous. An intriguing aspect of trends in global and direct irradiance is the rather abrupt decrease in annual and seasonal mean values from 1978 onward. The decreasing trends in solar radiation in China did not persist into the 1990s. The spatial and temporal patterns of trends in sunshine duration are consistent with that of global and direct irradiance. A decreasing trend in rainy days is observed over much of China, which is in agreement with the secular trend in cloud amount. The fact that trends in cloud amount and solar radiation are quite similar suggests that the cloud amount is not the primary cause for the decrease in solar radiation. Visibility in the eastern part of China has deteriorated heavily as a result of the rapid increase in aerosol loading. The statistical analysis showed that atmospheric transmission under clear conditions decreased rapidly. These facts suggest that the rapid increase in aerosol loading should be one of the principle causes for the decrease in solar radiation. The observed diurnal temperature range decreases remarkably in China, which is closely related to the increase in aerosols. The effects of anthropogenic air pollutants on climate should be further studied and included in the simulation of climate and projection of climate scenario. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (Aerosol and particles; General or miscellaneous) – Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (Radiative processes)

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Can climate shape flight activity patterns of Plebeia remota Hymenoptera, Apidae)?

Iheringia Série Zoologia ◽

10.1590/s0073-47212012000300004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 102 (3) ◽

pp. 269-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sergio D. Hilário ◽

Márcia de F. Ribeiro ◽

Vera L. Imperatriz-Fonseca

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Climatic Changes ◽

Flight Activity ◽

The Other ◽

Automated System ◽

Seasonal Differences ◽

Autumn And Winter

Flight activity of foragers of four colonies of Plebeia remota (Holmberg, 1903) was registered from December 1998 to December 1999, using an automated system (photocells and PLC system). The colonies originated from two different regions: Cunha, state of São Paulo, and Prudentópolis, state of Paraná, Brazil. Flight activity was influenced by different climatic factors in each season. In the summer, the intensity of the correlations between flight activity and climatic factors was smaller than in the other seasons. During the autumn and winter, solar radiation was the factor that most influenced flight activity, while in the spring, this activity was influenced mainly by temperature. Except in the summer, the various climatic factors similarly influenced flight activity of all of the colonies. Flight activity was not affected by geographic origin of the colonies. Information concerning seasonal differences in flight activity of P. remota will be useful for prediction of geographic distribution scenarios under climatic changes.

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Analysis of influence of climatic factors on selecting types of solar panels

VESTNIK OF ASTRAKHAN STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY ◽

10.24143/1812-9498-2020-2-21-26 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (2) ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

Sergey Vladimirovich Golovko ◽

Dmitry Anatolyevich Zadorkin

Keyword(s):

Solar Cell ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Cell Surface ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Solar Panels ◽

Efficient Operation ◽

The Impact ◽

Solar Rays

The article outlines the problem of the influence of climatic factors on the efficiency of solar panels operation. Not long ago the idea of free electricity seemed incredible. However, the development of technologies rapidly progresses, and the alternative energy captures more and more supporters every day. The popularity of solar panels is growing quite rapidly, since photovoltaic converters are an efficient source of electricity. But for more efficient operation of solar cells it is necessary to create the specific conditions, taking into account the location of the unit. There have been considered the factors of more efficient operation of the photovoltaic converters: the hash climatic conditions and the intensity of solar radiation depending on the angle of reducing the impact of the solar rays onto the solar cell surface.

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Improving the reliability of cable lines operation in hot climates

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021601151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 216 ◽

pp. 01151

Author(s):

Daniyar Bakhtiyarovich Madrakhimov ◽

Vera Pavlovna Ivanova ◽

Victoria Vyacheslavovna Tsypkina

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Climate Conditions ◽

Term Operation ◽

Asian Region ◽

Hot Climate ◽

Central Asian ◽

Cable Lines ◽

The Impact

Reliability of cable lines in hot climate is determined by the climatic characteristics of cables and wires, which include: long-term and short-term heat resistance, cold resistance, moisture resistance, resistance to cyclic exposure to temperatures and solar radiation, ozone resistance, etc. This article considers the main impacts of environmental factors: high temperatures, solar radiation, which, as practice shows, lead to irreversible deterioration of the electrical and mechanical properties of cable products. The result of climatic impacts in the Central Asian region, in hot climate conditions, is the aging of both insulation and protective coverings, which leads to irreversible change in the mechanical and electrical properties of the used polymers due to the loss of elasticity of the extruded material and its subsequent cracking, turning into cracks. The assessment of the possibility of long-term operation of the used polymer was carried out according to the polyethylene oxidation period, which determines the time of natural preservation of various types of cables during the period of their operation. The research was carried out on samples of cables stored under a canopy in wooden boxes, protected from sunlight and precipitation, by measuring criterion parameters with strict compliance with the established norms. Thus, the proposed solution for increasing the reliability of cable lines consists of debugging the technological process of applying insulation and sheathing, in which the extrusion of the polymer mass is carried out by technique that minimizes the ingress of contamination. Review of the results showed that extrusion line improvement would provide possibility of increasing reliability in the operation of cable products under the impact of climatic factors of the Central Asian region due to the reduced aging of insulation.

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Simulating Optical Top-Of-Atmosphere Radiance Satellite Images over Snow-Covered Rugged Terrain

10.5194/tc-2020-104 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maxim Lamare ◽

Marie Dumont ◽

Ghislain Picard ◽

Fanny Larue ◽

François Tuzet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Satellite Image ◽

Diffuse Radiation ◽

Optical Remote Sensing ◽

Mountainous Regions ◽

Rugged Terrain ◽

Visible Wavelengths ◽

The Individual ◽

New Formulation ◽

Terrain Features

Abstract. The monitoring of snow-covered surfaces on Earth is largely facilitated by the wealth of satellite data available, with increasing spatial resolution and temporal coverage over the last years. Yet to date, retrievals of snow physical properties still remain complicated in mountainous areas, owing to the complex interactions of solar radiation with terrain features such as multiple scattering between slopes, exacerbated over bright surfaces. Existing physically-based models of solar radiation across rough scenes are either too complex and resource-demanding for the implementation of systematic satellite image processing, not designed for highly reflective surfaces such as snow, or tied to a specific satellite sensor. This study proposes a new formulation, combining a forward model of solar radiation over rugged terrain with dedicated snow optics into a flexible multi-sensor tool that bridges a gap in the optical remote sensing of snow-covered surfaces in mountainous regions. The model presented here allows to perform rapid calculations over large snow-covered areas. Good results are obtained even for extreme cases, such as steep shadowed slopes or on the contrary, strongly illuminated sun-facing slopes. Simulations of Sentinel-3 OLCI scenes performed over a mountainous region in the French Alps allow to reduce the bias by up to a factor 6 in the visible wavelengths compared to methods that account for slope inclination only. Furthermore, the study underlines the contribution of the individual fluxes to the total top-of-atmosphere radiance, highlighting the importance of reflected radiation from surrounding slopes which, in mid-winter after a recent snowfall (13 February 2018), account on average for 7 % of the signal at 400 nm and 16 % at 1020 nm, as well as coupled diffuse radiation scattered by the neighbourhood, that contributes to 18 % at 400 nm and 4 % at 1020 nm. Given the importance of these contributions, accounting for slopes and reflected radiation between terrain features is a requirement for improving the accuracy of satellite retrievals of snow properties over snow-covered rugged terrain. The forward formulation presented here is the first step toward this goal, paving the way for future retrievals.

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Variation in the B-Carotene and Ascorbic Acid Contents of Lettuce and Carrots as Influenced by Seasonal Changes in Puerto Rico

The Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico ◽

10.46429/jaupr.v48i1.12972 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 39-48

Author(s):

María del C. C. Fernández

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Puerto Rico ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Acid Content ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Growing Period ◽

Ascorbic Acid Synthesis ◽

Rainy Days

1. Climatic factors such as temperature, number of rainy days, and total rainfall, apparently have no effect on the synthesis of ß-carotene and ascorbic acid in lettuce and carrots, when these are determined during the entire growing period. 2. The ascorbic acid content of lettuce is inversely correlated with the sunlight received by the plant some 10 days prior to harvest. 3. Solar radiation received by lettuce plants during October, January, and February seems to be more favorable to the ß-carotene synthesis than that received during the rest of the year. Days are longer, but solar radiation is milder during this time of the year. 4. Solar radiation in Puerto Rico favors ascorbic acid synthesis in lettuce all year through. 5. Results obtained under the conditions of these studies demonstrate that temperature, number of rainy days, and rainfall have no effect on the ß-carotene and ascorbic acid content of carrots.

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