scholarly journals ENERGY SAVING AS A PRIORITY DIRECTION OF STATE POLICY IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD: PROBLEMS OF USING SOLAR ENERGY IN ARCHITECTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
S.S. Ermakova ◽  
◽  
О.B. Vasylenko ◽  
Al Echcheikh El Alaoui ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Medieval Architecture ◽  
The North

There are aspects of scientific research in the analysis of scientific research in the formation of systems of lighting in architecture: energy conservation, shaping in the internal and external space of architecture, integration, technology, aesthetics and innovation. Buildings and cities were designed and oriented according to specific natural and climatic conditions. When designing public and residential buildings, the main focus was on the orientation of their courtyards relative to the sides of the horizon. According to such compositional techniques, the architectural volumes were designed from the south side of the courtyard, orienting and opening them to the north side. This provided both protection from direct solar radiation and the ability to capture cool northerly winds. A similar approach took place then throughout the entire period of medieval architecture in the Arab countries, where the common areas are oriented to the north. Among the totality of studies of insolation problem and sun protection in architecture, a number of areas stand out: aesthetic, analytical, theoretical, experimental, instrumental, biological and hygienic. For the first time in domestic and foreign science in the 80s of the XX century, the problem of improving the quality of modern architecture is determined by natural and artificial lighting in the main categories (expressiveness, comfort, efficiency). Health-improving and sanitizing effects were of great practical importance in the design of modern buildings. Natural and climatic factors have an important impact on the main categories of architecture quality. The main place is occupied by solar radiation and insolation. The term "insolation" means the total solar irradiation and not only direct, but also reflected and scattered over a certain calculated area, which takes into account the combination of light, ultraviolet and thermal effects of the Sun.

scholarly journals Influence of planning decisions on the local climate of residential building of the Krasnodar region and the Primorsk region

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 954-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bleil de Souza Clarice ◽  
Faridun F. Fayzullaev ◽  
Ilya V. Dunichkin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
Wind Rose ◽  
Regulatory Documents ◽  
Terrain Features

Introduction: the article presents the examples of architectural and planning solutions on optimization of courtyard spaces in the southern regions of the Russian Federation, their protection from strong wind, insufficient airing, overheating and solar radiation, as well as anthropogenic and natural ones. In modern Russian construction, insufficient attention is paid to natural and climatic effects. Typical residential housing is used in all regions of the country. The main reason is the lack of regulatory documents for each region, which has its characteristics (presence of water bodies, terrain features, a wind rose, etc.). This problem dictates the need to structure the vital natural and climatic factors which affect the yard territory microclimate. Based on this, compensatory effective improvement methods and solutions that can balance the adverse effect of natural and climatic conditions and create the parameters and norms of architectural and urban planning design are presented. Materials and methods: the article analyzed the following information: standards, guidelines, design and regulatory documents in the field of construction and design, published data, and materials of domestic and foreign scientific research on this subject. Methods of scientific research are based on the use of factor and comparative analyses and the theory of constraints. Results: the article as formed the architectural and planning proposals on the residential area climate-based development. Conclusions: a planning structure based on local natural and climatic consideration (terrain features, the wind rose, etc.) and application of effective methods of territory protection from excessive solar radiation and adverse winds can form a favorable microclimate of a residential building for human comfort habitation. Correct assessment of the climatic features allows making bioclimatic protection economically sound and efficient in terms of energy consumption as well as defining favorable architectural and planning solutions.

scholarly journals Boligblokker i hardt klima. Hesteskoblokka i Hammerfest og Ormen långe i Svappavaara

Nordlit ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Elin Haugdal
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
New Regionalism ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Frozen Food ◽  
The North ◽  
Modernist Architecture

<p>Large scale residential buildings from the modernist era have been severly criticized for being hostile both towards people and the environment. In small towns and in less urbanized areas in northern Scandinavia such residential blocks are highly visible elements in the landscape. When <em>Hesteskoblokka</em> (architect Astrup and Hellern) was erected in the recreational area outside Hammerfest in 1965 it was the largest residential block in Norway. A similar block, <em>Ormen Långe </em>(architect Ralph Erskine), was completed in Svappavaara in 1965. Both buildings contained apartments for workers in, respectively, the frozen food company Findus and in LKAB mining company. Brand new, they were strong symbols of growing industrial activity and modernization of the north. The blocks were similarly heavily affected by the economic downturn in the following decades, turned into slum or vacated. However, these blocks are not only sociologically interesting, but also the first in the Nordic countries where the architects undertook climate analyses. Both Hesteskoblokka and Ormen Långe obtained their form according to topographical and climatic conditions. Thus they were part of a growing environmentally conscious architecture and a new regionalism within the modernist architecture. This article discusses the attempts of new regionalism in the late modern architecture in the north, and questions both its ideas and realizations.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of influence of climatic factors on selecting types of solar panels

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Sergey Vladimirovich Golovko ◽  
Dmitry Anatolyevich Zadorkin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Solar Rays

The article outlines the problem of the influence of climatic factors on the efficiency of solar panels operation. Not long ago the idea of free electricity seemed incredible. However, the development of technologies rapidly progresses, and the alternative energy captures more and more supporters every day. The popularity of solar panels is growing quite rapidly, since photovoltaic converters are an efficient source of electricity. But for more efficient operation of solar cells it is necessary to create the specific conditions, taking into account the location of the unit. There have been considered the factors of more efficient operation of the photovoltaic converters: the hash climatic conditions and the intensity of solar radiation depending on the angle of reducing the impact of the solar rays onto the solar cell surface.

scholarly journals Distribution of Testudo graeca in the western Mediterranean according to climatic factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Daniel Anadón ◽  
Andrés Giménez ◽  
Eva Graciá ◽  
Irene Pérez ◽  
Marcos Ferrández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
North African ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Testudo Graeca ◽  
The North

Despite being one of the most charismatic elements of the Mediterranean Basin fauna and its threatened status, the western Mediterranean range of Testudo graeca is at present very poorly known. The present work provides the most detailed geographical and ecological description for the North African clade of T. graeca so far. We gathered 283 occurrence data of T. graeca in North Africa and modelled the distribution by means of presence-only distribution modelling tools. The obtained model was then projected to southern Europe in order to explore whether the environmental characteristics of European populations fall into the predicted niche of the species in North Africa. T. graeca showed a wide environmental range in North Africa. Presence localities ranged from the sea level to 2090 m of altitude and from 116 to 1093 mm of annual precipitation. The presence-only model indicates that distribution in North Africa is mainly related to rainfall, specifically rainfall values in the wettest and coldest quarter of the year. The distribution model showed a range of ca. 1 000 000 km2. The projection of the model to southern Europe showed that the southern Iberian and Balkan Peninsulas, as well as most Mediterranean islands, present climatic conditions within those found in the range of the species in North Africa.

Intra-annual climatic signal in tree rings of Larix sp. based on the Vaganov-Shashkin model output

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Fonti ◽  
Olga Churakova (Sidorova) ◽  
Ivan Tychkov
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
The North ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

&lt;p&gt;Air temperature increase and change in precipitation regime have a significant impact on northern forests leading to the ambiguous consequences due to the complex interaction between the ecosystem plant components and permafrost. One of the major interests in such circumstances is to understand how tree growth of the main forest species of the Siberian North will change under altering climatic conditions. In this work, we applied the process-based Vaganov-Shashkin model (VS - model) of tree growth in order to estimate the daily impact of climatic conditions on tree-ring width of larch trees in northeastern Yakutia (Larix cajanderi Mayr.) and eastern Taimyr (Larix gmelinii Rupr. (Rupr.) for the period 1956-2003, and to determine the extent to which the interaction of climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) is reflected in the tree-ring anatomical structure. Despite the location of the study sites in the harsh conditions of the north, and temperature as the main limiting factor, it was possible to identify a period during the growing season when tree growth was limited by lack of soil moisture. The application of the VS-model for the studied regions allowed establishing in which period of the growing season the water stress is most often manifest itself, and how phenological phases (beginning, cessation, and duration of larch growth) vary among the years.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The research was funded by RFBR, Krasnoyarsk Territory and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science, project number 20-44-240001 and by the Russian Ministry of Science and Higher Education (projects FSRZ-2020-0010).&lt;/p&gt;

The intensity of the accumulation of residual deformations in the railway track operated in complex natural and climatic conditions

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
L. S. Blazhko ◽  
◽  
E. V. Chernyaev ◽  
V. A. Chernyaeva ◽  
V. V. Ganchits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Railway Track ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Track Structure ◽  
Arctic Circle ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
The North ◽  
Residual Deformations

Objective: To analyze the results of observations conducted to assess the intensity of the accumulation of residual deformations in the railway track structure operated in severe natural and climatic conditions (the observation site is located above the Arctic Circle). The following were also taken into account: the railway track design (type of intermediate fasteners, track slab, condition of the ballast bed), the railway line scheme, the tonnage handled, the train speed and the axle load. Methods: Mathematical statistics, data processing. Results: The dependences of the railway track deformation and strength properties, including the tonnage handled, have been obtained. Practical importance: The presented observation results of the assessment of the intensity of deformation accumulation in the railway track structure operated in the severe natural and climatic conditions of the North of the Arctic Circle indicate that the use of increased axle load wagons will entail a significant reduction in overhaul life and an increase in the track maintenance operating expenditures

scholarly journals Identification of climatic and physiological variables associated with rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield under tropical conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 8699-8706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeison Mauricio Quevedo Amaya ◽  
Jose Isidro Beltrán Medina ◽  
Eduardo Barragán Quijano
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Tropical Conditions

Rice crop productivity is influenced by climatic conditions such as solar radiation, temperature, and water availability during its vegetative and reproductive stage. In Colombia, rice cultivation is carried out throughout the year; so, it is necessary to identify the sowing dates where high yields are obtained, and which physiologic and climatic factors significantly influence them. Therefore, this research aimed to identify the key climatic and physiological factors that allow maximizing the yield and maintaining good productivity in sowing dates with optimal and deficient environmental conditions, respectively. The experiment was carried out in a rice producing region in northern of Tolima, Colombia from 2015 to 2016. Ten sowing dates were established, with a randomized complete block design in a divided strips arrangement. For each sowing date, climatic conditions were tracked, and growth, development, and yield of rice plant were evaluated. Also, the photosynthetic rate was assessed on five sowing dates. Results showed that physiologic factors that have more relation with crop yield are plant height, leaf area index and dry mass accumulation between phenological stages 37 and 49; whereas the unique climatic factor, that was highly related to yield, was solar radiation between phenological stages 51 to 77. Furthermore, when the optimum values of each variable were reached, a yield higher than 9,500 kg ha-1 was achieved. No relation was observed between the photosynthesis rate of at leaf level and yield.

scholarly journals A Study on the solar radiation incident upon the overhead water tanks in Saudi Arabia with different configurations

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Khurshid ◽  
Karthik Silaipillayarputhur
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Water Storage Tank ◽  
Glass Insulation ◽  
Water Tanks

Saudi Arabia is one of the warmer countries in the Middle East region. In the summer months, the ambient temperature reaches 50°C on regular basis. This high temperature has a direct effect on the elevation of water temperatures inside the domestic and commercial over-head tanks. The tanks are predominantly installed on the roof of the buildings without any shade or insulation and are exposed to the direct irradiation from the sun. The tank material is not capable of reducing the effect of solar radiation. Therefore, water gets very hot in the afternoon that it is impossible for the occupants of the residential buildings to take a shower or even wash their hands. This paper studied the effect of solar irradiation on the water temperature in the over-head storage water tanks during the summer months. The temperature rise in the water storage tank was considered for different cases, (i.e.) a free standing tank exposed to direct sun’s irradiation, a tank with shade, a tank with fiber glass insulation, and a tank having insulation along with shade. An analytical model was developed to study the effects of sun’s irradiation and the results were compared with that of experimentation. The results from the water storage tank having insulation exhibited encouraging results.  

scholarly journals Pedestrian-Level Wind Environment Assessment of Shenyang’s Residential Areas through Numerical Simulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Jiuhong Zhang ◽  
Xiaoqian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The South ◽  
Wind Environment ◽  
South Side ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The North ◽  
North Side ◽  
Typical Layout

In recent decades, increasing urbanization has increased construction land shortages, which has made people pay more attention to the utilization of vertical space. The emergence of more and more high-rise buildings has affected the wind environment at the pedestrian level, especially in residential areas. In this research, the typical patterns of the layouts of residential buildings in Shenyang were investigated and summarized, and the wind environment of the residential areas of different architecture layouts was simulated according to the climatic conditions in Shenyang. After analyzing the simulation results, a typical layout mode for the residential areas in Shenyang was developed to facilitate the establishment of a favorable wind environment. In comparison with different building layouts, a staggered layout of slab buildings, half-enclosed layout of point buildings with openings on the south side, slab-point combined buildings with slab buildings on the north side, and point buildings on the south side were found to be the most suitable layouts for Shenyang’s climate. Thus, this study can provide guidance to designers and urban planners in addition to practical suggestions for residential planning.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF NATURAL CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN REALIZED ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
Mishel Z. Dib
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Passive Houses ◽  
Spatial Architecture

The analysis and evaluation of the features of spatial architecture layout design, structural and engineering solutions of modern energy-efficient low-rise residential buildings have been conducted, taking into account the climatic zoning of the Earth. Research methods are based on a comparative analysis of the modern case studies focuses on the construction of energyefficient low-rise residential buildings. A number of studies have been devoted to the problem of designing energy-efficient passive houses in a climate like Ukraine, but there is still no common typological basis for designing. Further studies have focused on implementing the passive house standard, as well as realized passive house projects have been launched in different parts of the world. This experience is considered as an example of project practices and norms of Europe, Asia, and Arab countries. These examples were grouped by climatic conditions and analyzed from the point of view possibilities of adopting their feasibility solutions to the particular Ukrainian climate and conditions.

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