scholarly journals Determinant criteria in the ocean carrier selection process

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
R Stephen Parker ◽  
John L Kent
Keyword(s):  
Selection Process ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Service Characteristics ◽  
Carrier Selection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Chi Square Tests

This study examines key determinant criteria used by import and export shippers when selecting an international containership carrier. A sample of import and export shippers were asked to evaluate eighteen service characteristics based on whether or not the characteristics were required by their international containership carriers. The results of Pearson chi-square tests indicate a significant difference between import shippers and export shippers on three of the eighteen service characteristics. Import shippers were more demanding of their carriers by requiring door-to-door transportation rates, shipment expediting, and shipment tracing services.

The Influence of Adhesive Luting Systems on Bond Strength and Failure Mode of an Indirect Micro Ceramic Resin-based Composite Veneer

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Marjaneh Ghavamnasiri ◽  
Nasrin Sarabi ◽  
Azadeh Forooghbakhsh
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
Adhesive Failure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Adhesive Luting ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Abstract Aim This study evaluated the bond strength and failure mode of enamel/resin-based composite veneers bonded with three different dual cured resin adhesive systems. Methods and Materials Standard preparations for laminate veneer restorations were made on 30 human central incisors using depth cutting burs (0.5 mm depth at the incisal area and 0.3 mm at the gingival area). Thirty indirect laminates were prepared using a highly filled polymeric material (GC Gradia) according to the manufacturer's instructions. After sandblasting the fitting surfaces, the specimens were randomly divided into three groups (ten per group) based on the type of resin cement luting systems; Excite/Variolink II, Single Bond/ Rely X Veneer Cement, and Clearfil New Bond/Panavia F. The specimens were stored in water at 37°C for 48 hours. Fracture testing was performed using a universal testing machine where the load was applied from the incisal direction at 135° to the long axis of the tooth (0.5 mm/min). The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-Square tests were used for statistical analysis at a significance level of p>0.05. Results The ANOVA showed no significant difference was found among the groups (P>0.05). Indirect veneers showed mean enamel bond strength of 114.4 ± 48N, 159.7 ± 83.4 N, and 126.1 ± 51.7 N with Variolink II, Rely X veneer cement, and Panavia F, respectively. The Chi-Square tests showed no significant difference regarding the failure mode frequencies in different types of failure in the three groups (p>0.05). The failure mode analysis showed mainly adhesive failure in the resin cement/laminate interface in all groups. Conclusion There was no significant difference in bond strength of veneers with the three different resin cements tested. In addition, there was no significant difference in the frequency of the failure mode in each type of failure among the three test groups. The failure analysis revealed mainly an adhesive failure at the resin cement/veneer interface. Clinical Significance The results of this study suggest the use of Excite/Variolink, Single Bond/RelyX, or Clearfil New Bond/Panavia F are all appropriate choices for luting of indirect micro ceramic resin-based composite veneers in terms of bond strength and failure mode. Citation Sarabi N, Ghavamnasiri M, Forooghbakhsh A. The Influence of Adhesive Luting Systems on Bond Strength and Failure Mode of an Indirect Micro Ceramic Resin-based Composite Veneer. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 January; (10)1:033-040.

scholarly journals Clinical subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder based on the presence of checking and washing compulsions

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo F Fontenelle ◽  
Mauro V Mendlowicz ◽  
Marcio Versiani
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Tests

OBJECTIVE: We aimed at examining the utility of checking and washing compulsions as markers of valid subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS: One hundred and six patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder were evaluated with a socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, the Clinical Global Impression, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and the Global Assessment of Functioning. These individuals were allocated in one of four subgroups [checkers (OCD-Ch; n = 20), washers (OCD-Wa; n = 13), checkers and washers (OCD-CW; n = 48), and non-checkers and non-washers (OCD non-CW = 25)] on the basis of the presence and the clinical relevance of checking and/or washing compulsive behaviors across their lifetime. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were compared and contrasted between the groups by means of ANOVA followed by post-hoc Least Significant Difference or Dunnett's tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests followed by partitioned chi-square tests for categorical variables. RESULTS: OCD-Ch and OCD-Wa did not differ on most demographic and clinical features, the only exception being the number of different types of obsessions, which were significantly higher in the former group. The OCD-CW group was more likely to exhibit an insidious onset of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, to manifest itself as a mixed subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder and to display obsessions with contamination themes. On the other hand, the OCD non-CW group was more likely to exhibit an acute onset, a shorter duration of illness, obsessions with religious themes, an episodic course, and less severe obsessive-compulsive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: In our sample, the probing of the presence of checking and/or washing compulsions has provided significant empirical support to establish valid subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

scholarly journals Age related morphometric changes of the glenoid labrum

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184
Author(s):  
Abduelmenem ALASHKHAM ◽  
Abdulrahman ALRADDADI ◽  
Roger SOAMES
Keyword(s):  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Glenoid Labrum ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Objectives: Although the glenoid labrum is linked to glenohumeral joint stability, its anatomy remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the shape, consistency of the glenoid labrum, and whether these and its thickness and depth are age related. Methods: A total of 140 shoulders were dissected to expose the glenoid labrum. the shape and consistency of the glenoid labrum were assessed at a gross level. Measurements were taken of the labrum depth and thickness, using callipers, in the superior, anterior, inferior and posterior regions. ANOVA and chi-square tests were conducted to determine statistical significance, which was set at p<0.05. Results: The consistency of the superior half of the labrum was rubbery in 97.9% of specimens and firm in the remaining 2.1%, whereas the entire inferior half was firm. There was a significant difference (p=0.043) in the consistency of the superior half between males and females. The superior half was triangular in 95.7% of specimens, flat in 2.1% and flat to triangular in 2.1%, whereas the shape of the inferior half was rounded in 99.3% of specimens and flat in 0.7%. The labrum was observed to be thicker in younger individuals, with the differences being significant superiorly (p=0.011), anteriorly (p=0.050), inferiorly (p=0.001) and posteriorly (p=0.047). It was also observed to be deeper in younger individuals, but only significantly so superiorly (p=0.044). Conclusion: Labrum thickness and depth significantly decreased with increasing age, suggesting that these observations could be age-related.

scholarly journals 851. Rate of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Engagement in HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis at the Veterans Affair Maryland Health System

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S515-S516
Author(s):  
Omar Harfouch ◽  
Emily Comstock ◽  
Roman Kaplan ◽  
Rohit Talwani ◽  
Eleanor Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Sti Testing ◽  
Hiv Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Abstract Background Rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic are unknown. We evaluated data from the Veterans Affair Maryland Health Care System (VAMHCS) data to determine rates of STI and PrEP linkage in our Veterans. Methods We extracted patient-level data on demographics, STI testing (chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis), International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis codes and refills of TDF-FTC and TAF-FTC. We compared the ratio of positive STI tests in 2018, 2019 and 2020 using chi-square tests. Individuals eligible for PrEP were defined as patients with a newly positive STI result or an ICD diagnosis of: high risk sexual behavior; an STI mentioned above; or gender identity disorder. We excluded anyone with a positive HIV test or a creatinine &gt;1.8. We identified patients initiated on PrEP through pharmacy refill data to define initiation of care. Finally, we used chi-square tests to compare differences of initiation of PrEP between years and demographics. Results The STI positivity rate significantly increased (p&lt; 0.01) from 44.2% (2018) and 42.9% (2019) to 61.6% (2020) [Table 1]. The median ages of those who had a positive STI test were 50 (2018), 44 (2019) and 44 (2020). In 2020, 17% of patients eligible for PrEP filled PrEP. Engagement was similar (p=0.33) in 2019 and 2018, where 14% and 11.6% of patients eligible for PrEP received a prescription (p-value=0.33) [Figure 1]. The median age of those refilling PrEP were: 44 (2018); 43 (2019) and 41 (2020)). In 2020, we observed a statistically significant difference (p&lt; 0.01) in initiation of PrEP in care among Black patients with 11.7% of eligible patients filling PrEP as compared to white patients (26.2%) and other races (23.3%) [Figure 2]. Table 1. Rate of positive tests at VAMHCS from 2018-2020. Figure 1. PrEP Cascade at VAMHCS by year. Non-statistically significant (P=0.33) when comparing engagement in care between different years. Figure 2. Racial distribution of PrEP eligibility and initiation by year at the VAMHCS. Conclusion While during the coronavirus pandemic in 2020, fewer Veterans sought STI testing at the VAMHCS, the number of positive STI results remained steady, leading to a higher positivity rate. The rate of initiation of PrEP did not differ between 2020, 2019 and 2018. Racial inequities in initiation of PrEP increased in 2020. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Predicting metacarpal length using paired ratios with bilateral X-ray films

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110641
Author(s):  
David P Foley ◽  
Cameron T Cox ◽  
Allison S Foley ◽  
Rebecka J Nisbet ◽  
Abdurrahman F Kharbat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Bivariate Model ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Metacarpal Bones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Introduction: When the metacarpal bones sustain severe osseous injury requiring reconstruction, functional recovery relies on the precise distribution of tension throughout full range of motion. While the small scale of hand structures compounds the effects of altering normal anatomy, literature lacks consensus recommendations for the acceptable degree of length alteration and/or appropriate methods of length estimation in reconstructive procedures. Length asymmetry has been reported in human metacarpal bones; however, studies assessing this phenomenon in living subjects with attention to functional implications or length prediction are lacking. Methods: Hand X-rays were obtained for 34 patients aged 25–80 without history of metacarpal trauma, joint degeneration, or pathologic bone metabolism. A scaled bivariate model predicted metacarpal length using an ipsilateral paired metacarpal and matching contralateral ratio: Estimate_Dx_R = Median_Dy_R * (Median_Dx_L/Median_Dy_L). A second set of predictions used the contralateral metacarpal as a control. Pearson correlation coefficients, paired t-tests, and chi-square tests evaluated the symmetry between bilateral metacarpal lengths and paired metacarpal ratios as well as the accuracy of each predictive method. Results: The contralateral control and target metacarpal differed significantly in digits 1, 2, 3, and 5. No significant difference in matched metacarpal ratios of the right and left hands was found. For all digits except 5D, bivariate model predictions generated were more strongly correlated with actual target length. Chi-square tests did not detect a significant difference in predictive value of the two models. Conclusion: The scaled bivariate model we describe may be useful and economic in generating accurate length estimates of metacarpals for reconstructive procedures.

scholarly journals Comparison of Healthiness, Labelling, and Price between Private and Branded Label Packaged Foods in New Zealand (2015–2019)

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2731
Author(s):  
Teresa Castro ◽  
Sally Mackay ◽  
Leanne Young ◽  
Cliona Ni Mhurchu ◽  
Grace Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Food Composition ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Packaged Food ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Chi Square Tests

We aimed to compare New Zealand private label (PL) and branded label (BL) packaged food products in relation to their current (2019) healthiness (sodium and sugar contents, and estimated Health Start Rating (HSR) score), display of the voluntary HSR nutrition label on the package, and price. Healthiness and HSR display of products were also explored over time (2015 to 2019). Data were obtained from Nutritrack, a brand-specific food composition database. Means and proportions were compared using Student t-tests and Pearson chi-square tests, respectively. Changes over time were assessed using linear regression and chi-square tests for trends (Mantel–Haenzel tests). Altogether, 4266 PL and 19,318 BL products across 21 food categories were included. Overall, PL products in 2019 had a significantly lower mean sodium content and price, a higher proportion of products with estimated HSR ≥ 3.5/5 (48.9% vs. 38.5%) and were more likely to display the HSR on the pack compared with BL products (92.4% vs. 17.2%, respectively). However, for most food categories, no significant difference was found in mean sodium or sugar content between PL and BL products. In the period 2015–2019, there were no consistent changes in estimated HSR score, sodium or sugar contents of PL or BL products, but there was an increase in the proportion of both PL and BL products displaying HSR labels. In most food categories, there were PL options available which were similar in nutritional composition, more likely to be labelled with the HSR, and lower in cost than their branded counterparts.

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

Nomophobia: An emerging fear

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Bala ◽  
Neetu Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phones ◽  
Administrative Authority ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Negative Face ◽  
Agra City

In the current time, the use of technologies has become propensity more than necessity. Nobody has gotten away from them nor left youth or old. It's totally relying upon us How to utilize it? One such live innovation is a Smartphone. At only one touch we approach any data about the entire world. It is very easy to carry in our pocket so everyone can use it anytime whenever. Smartphone has some constructive as well as some cynical aspects too. Nomophobia is a negative face of the smartphone. Nomophobia is the irrational dread of being without cell phones or being not able to utilize phones (situational phobia) for some reason such as some signal or battery issues. Theprimary point of the current research is to find out the proportion of Nomophobia among understudies with regardof gender and age in Agra city. For this purpose, a total number of 300 students were selected by randomization (150 males and 150 females) from the age scope of 15-20 years. The data was taken by using a self-administered questionnaire NMP-Q developed by Yilidirim and Correia. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Mean and Chi-square. Results revealed that there is a significant difference between male and female score on nomophobia. The other result indicates that early adolescents positively related to Nomophobia as compare to late adolescents. In India, one person can use multiple cell phones. There is no minimum age to use mobile phones. It is adding fuel to the pre-existing problem of Nomophobia. Telecom Administrative Authority of India (TRAI) should assume a functioning job by making an arrangement/law that "setting based methodology" on cell phone limitations among individuals ought to be followed. A demonstration will be detailed, under this demonstration. There ought to choose the least age for portable use. It will assist a great deal with curbing the circumstance.

Fecundity and Gonado-somatic Index of Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) Along the Zamboanga del Norte Coast

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Ma. Dulce C. Guillena
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Moon Phases ◽  
Ovary Weight ◽  
Moment Coefficient ◽  
Trichiurus Lepturus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Somatic Index

Gonado-somatic index and fecundity are tools for measuring the sexual maturity and ability of animals to reproduce.  This study investigates the reproduction of Trichiurus lepturus. Specifically, this aimed to determine the sex ratio, the GSI, the relationship between fecundity and total length, fecundity and total weight, fecundity and ovary weight. The Descriptive Method of research was used.  Percentage and chi-square was utilized in determining the percentage of occurrence and sex ratio respectively.   Pearson r Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation was used to determine the relationships of the parameters. The study revealed that females outnumbered males and the sex ratio for different month showed significant difference.  Spawning season was observed to occur in November and December as revealed in its GSI values and it synchronized with the full and new moon phases.  Fecundity is positively correlated with body weight, body size, and ovary weight where ovary weight is observed to be the best index for fecundity.  The results of this study could be used further for formal stock assessment of cutlassfish fishery.

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