scholarly journals Physical properties of soil in the early stage of an agroforestry system in the High Andean zone

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Martin Alonso Muñoz-Rodríguez ◽  
Iván Andrés Delgado-Vargas ◽  
Jennyfer Cristina Guerrero ◽  
Anyi Valeria Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Structural Stability ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Stability Properties ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Two Phases

In  Nariño,  Colombia,  land  use  has  generated  some  problems  such  as  erosion,  compaction,  lack  of  fertility,  among  others,  so  it  is  necessary  to  search  for  alternatives  to  mitigate  these  impacts.  The  objective  of  this  study was to evaluate some physical properties of the soil in an agroforest system  with  Morella  pubescens  (Humb.  &  Bonpl.  ex  Willd.)  Wilbur  with  Smallanthussonchifolius (Poepp.)  H.Rob,  in  the  experimental  farm  of  Botana,  in  the  city  of  Pasto,  Nariño,  where  the  bulk  density,  real  density,  total porosity, structural stability properties and distribution of aggregates were  analyzed.  The  datas  were  obtained  in  two  phases:  f1  and  f2  before  and after agroforestry system implementation, respectively. A randomized complete block design with three treatments and three replications were used. The treatments corresponded to plant densities, T1: S sonchifoliuos, sowed  to  1x1m,  T2:0.8x0.8m  y  T3:0.5x0.5m,  with  three  replications.  M  pusescens was stablished to 4x4m between plants and 9 m between rows and  the  control  (f1).    The  statistics  have  differences  between  f1  (control)  and f2 (treatments), to the structural stability properties and distribution of  aggregates.  The  ground  suffered  a  structural  stability  change  to  stable  lightly  (0.97  D.P.M)  in  f1  to  a  stable  moderate  (2.53  D.P.M),  in  f2.  The  distribution of aggregates passed to 60% in f1 to 70.3% in f2, with a media aggregation  status.  The  different  agroforest  systems  management  could  help,  in  the  long  term,  by  improving  the  structure  of  the  ground  through  the vegetal material of arboreal component, the application of a minimum farming and the addition of organic matter.

scholarly journals Physical Properties of Peat-based Substrates Amended with a Mature Dairy Cow Manure Compost Before and After Plant Cultivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Ka Yeon Jeong ◽  
Paul V. Nelson ◽  
Carl E. Niedziela ◽  
William F. Brinton ◽  
William C. Fonteno
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dairy Cow Manure ◽  
The Impact

Initial and final physical properties of four substrates based on a sphagnum peat moss:perlite (3:1 v/v) substrate where mature dairy manure compost (DMC) was partially substituted for peat moss at 0, 16, 26, or 33% DMC of total substrate volume (equivalent to DMC to peat moss ratios of 0, 1, 2, or 3 on a dry weight basis, respectively) were evaluated during a 12-week crop of ‘Macumba’ pot chrysanthemum [Dendranthema × grandiflora (Ramat.) Kitam]. The impact of time on physical properties was similar in all substrates, indicating that DMC was as stable as peat moss. Addition of DMC to substrates increased bulk density (Db) and lowered total porosity (TP) and air space (AS). Compared to peat moss plus perlite without DMC, container capacity (CC) increased with 16 and 26% DMC and was similar at 33% DMC. Addition of DMC at 33% resulted in a decrease in available water (AW). Plant shoot dry weight was higher in all substrates containing DMC, with the maximum at 26% DMC, compared to peat moss plus perlite without DMC.

scholarly journals Seeding densities of the oat crop and the amount of grazing on the physical property and soil carbon

2019 ◽  
pp. 732-738
Author(s):  
Jeferson Tiago Piano ◽  
Jonas Francisco Egewarth ◽  
Vanessa Aline Egewarth ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Rabello de Oliveira ◽  
Jean Sérgio Rosset ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Penetrometer Resistance

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two sowing densities of oat crop, managed in an integrated crop-livestock system (ICLS), or the use of fallow during the winter period, on the soil physical properties, total carbon and soil carbon stock, in two years. A split-plot in a randomized block design, with additional treatment was used. It was found that the number of grazing in the year 2014 adversely affected the values of macroporosity and microporosity in the layer 0-0.05 m, besides the microporosity in the 0.1-0.2 m layer. The total porosity in the 0.1-0.2 m layer was positively influenced by the sowing density of oats only in the year 2014. The soil penetrometer resistance (SPR) had changes after winter 2015, at 0-0.05 m due to the number of grazing. During 2014, there were no changes in the total carbon and carbon storage of the soil. In 2015, the amount of grazing used, negatively affected the total carbon in layers 0-0.05 and 0.1-0.2 m. However, it positively affected the storage of carbon in soil in the layer 0.05-0.1 m. The adoption of the lower density of the oat crop with realization of a grazing tends to improve the physical properties, total carbon and soil carbon stocks.

Accurate Detection and Quantization of Leaf- Diseases through Soft Computing

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-247
Author(s):  
Divya Srivastava ◽  
Rajitha B. ◽  
Suneeta Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Stage Of Disease ◽  
Accurate Detection ◽  
Two Phases

Diseases in leaves can cause the significant reduction in both quality and quantity of agricultural production. If early and accurate detection of disease/diseases in leaves can be automated, then the proper remedy can be taken timely. A simple and computationally efficient approach is presented in this paper for disease/diseases detection on leaves. Only detecting the disease is not beneficial without knowing the stage of disease thus the paper also determine the stage of disease/diseases by quantizing the affected of the leaves by using digital image processing and machine learning. Though there exists a variety of diseases on leaves, but the bacterial and fungal spots (Early Scorch, Late Scorch, and Leaf Spot) are the most prominent diseases found on leaves. Keeping this in mind the paper deals with the detection of Bacterial Blight and Fungal Spot both at an early stage (Early Scorch) and late stage (Late Scorch) on the variety of leaves. The proposed approach is divided into two phases, in the first phase, it identifies one or more disease/diseases existing on leaves. In the second phase, amount of area affected by the disease/diseases is calculated. The experimental results obtained showed 97% accuracy using the proposed approach.

Study of Possible Relation between Fasting Plasma Glucagon, Gestational Diabetes and Development of Type 2 DM

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Okba ◽  
Salwa Seddik Hosny ◽  
Alyaa Elsherbeny ◽  
Manal Mohsin Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Glucagon ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Two Phases

Background and Aims: Women who develop GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus) have a relative insulin secretion deficiency, the severity of which may be predictive for later development of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the role of fasting plasma glucagon in the prediction of later development of diabetes in pregnant women with GDM. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 150 pregnant women with GDM after giving informed oral and written consents and being approved by the research ethical committee according to the declaration of Helsinki. The study was conducted in two phases, first phase during pregnancy and the second one was 6 months post-partum, as we measured fasting plasma glucagon before and after delivery together with fasting and 2 hour post-prandial plasma sugar. Results: Our findings suggested that glucagon levels significantly increased after delivery in the majority 14/25 (56%) of GDM women who developed type 2 DM within 6 months after delivery compared to 6/20 (30%) patients with impaired fasting plasma glucose (IFG) and only 22/105 (20%) non DM women, as the median glucagon levels were 80,76, 55, respectively. Also, there was a high statistical difference between fasting plasma glucagon post-delivery among diabetic and non-diabetic women (p ≤ 0.001). These results indicated the useful role of assessing fasting plasma glucagon before and after delivery in patients with GDM to predict the possibility of type 2 DM. Conclusion: There is a relatively high glucagon level in GDM patients, which is a significant pathogenic factor in the incidence of subsequent diabetes in women with a history of GDM. This could be important in the design of follow-up programs for women with previous GDM.

A Comparative Study of Amalaki Choorna along with Madhu and Vata Twak Kashaya Yoni Pichu Dharana in the Management of Shweta Pradara

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka M. Tenahalli
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
Phosphorus Iron ◽  
Group B ◽  
Busy Schedule ◽  
Iron And Calcium

Shweta Pradara (Leucorrhoea) is the disease which is characterized by vaginal white discharge. Vaginal white discharge this symptom is present in both physiological and pathological condition, when it becomes pathological it disturbs routine life style of the woman. Most of the women in the early stage will not express the symptoms because of hesitation and their busy schedule. If it is not treated it may leads to chronic diseases like PID (Garbhashaya Shotha etc.) Charaka mentioned Amalaki Choorna along with Madhu and Vata Twak Kashaya Yoni Pichu Dharana. This treatment is used in Shweta Pradara shown positive results, hence a study was under taken to assess its clinical efficacy. 30 diagnosed patients of Shweta Pradara were randomly selected, allocated in three groups. Group A and Group B received Amalaki Choorna with Madhu and Vata Twak Kashaya Yoni Pichu Dharana respectively and Group C received Amalaki Choorna with Madhu followed by Vata Twak Kashaya Yoni Pichu Dharana for 15 days. The patients were assessed for the severity of the symptoms subjectively and objectively before and after the treatment and at the end of the follow up. Data from each group were statistically analyzed and were compared. No side effects were noted and it may be considered as an effective alternative medicine in Shweta Pradara (leucorrhea). Amalaki is rich in natural source of vitamin C and contains phosphorus, iron and calcium. Honey contains carbohydrate, vitamin C, phosphorus iron and calcium. All together these help to increase Hb% and immunity. Vata Twak Kashaya contains tannin which helps to maintain normal pH of the vagina.

Canola seed yield and phenological responses to plant density

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gan Yantai ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
H. Randy Kutcher ◽  
Robert H. Gulden ◽  
Byron Irvine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Canola Seed ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Plant Densities

Optimal plant density is required to improve plant phenological traits and maximize seed yield in field crops. In this study, we determined the effect of plant density on duration of flowering, post-flowering phase, and seed yield of canola in diverse environments. The field study was conducted at 16 site-years across the major canola growing area of western Canada from 2010 to 2012. The cultivar InVigor® 5440, a glufosinate-resistant hybrid, was grown at five plant densities (20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 plants m−2) in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Canola seed yield had a linear relationship with plant density at 8 of the 16 site-years, a quadratic relationship at 4 site-years, and there was no correlation between the two variables in the remaining 4 site-years. At site-years with low to medium productivity, canola seed yield increased by 10.2 to 14.7 kg ha−1 for every additional plant per square metre. Averaged across the 16 diverse environments, canola plants spent an average of 22% of their life cycle flowering and another 27% of the time filling seed post-flowering. Canola seed yield had a negative association with duration of flowering and a positive association with the days post-flowering but was not associated with number of days to maturity. The post-flowering period was 12.7, 14.7, and 12.6 d (or 55, 68, and 58%) longer in high-yield experiments than in low-yield experiments in 2010, 2011, and 2012, respectively. We conclude that optimization of plant density for canola seed yield varies with environment and that a longer post-flowering period is critical for increasing canola yield in western Canada.

scholarly journals Rearing Drones in Queen Cells of Apis mellifera Honey Bees

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Georgios Goras ◽  
Chrysoula Tananaki ◽  
Sofia Gounari ◽  
Elissavet Lazaridou ◽  
Dimitrios Kanelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Larval Development ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Queen Larvae ◽  
As If

Abstract We investigated the rearing of drone larvae grafted in queen cells. From the 1200 drone larvae that were grafted during spring and autumn, 875 were accepted (72.9%) and reared as queens. Drone larvae in false queen cells received royal jelly of the same composition and of the same amounts as queen larvae. Workers capped the queen cells as if they were drones, 9-10 days after the egg laying. Out of 60 accepted false queen cells, 21 (35%) were capped. The shape of false queen cells with drone larvae is unusually long with a characteristically elongate tip which is probably due to the falling of larvae. Bees start the destruction of the cells when the larvae were 3 days old and maximised it before and after capping. Protecting false queen cells in the colony by wrapping, reversing them upside down, or placing in a horizontal position, did not help. The only adult drones that emerged from the false queen cells were those protected in an incubator and in push-in cages. Adult drones from false queen cells had smaller wings, legs, and proboscis than regular drones. The results of this study verify previous reports that the bees do not recognise the different sex of the larvae at least at the early stage of larval development. The late destruction of false queen cells, the similarity in quality and quantity of the produced royal jelly, and the bigger drone cells, allow for the use of drone larvae in cups for the production of royal jelly.

Antecedents of growth-oriented entrepreneurship before and during the Greek economic crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Giotopoulos ◽  
Alexandra Kontolaimou ◽  
Aggelos Tsakanikas
Keyword(s):  
Work Experience ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore potential drivers of high-growth intentions of early-stage entrepreneurs in Greece before and after the onset of the financial crisis of 2008. Design/methodology/approach To this end, the authors use individual-level data retrieved from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor annual surveys (2003-2015). Findings The results show that high-growth intentions of Greek entrepreneurs are driven by different factors in the crisis compared to the non-crisis period. Male entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs with significant work experience seem to be more likely to be engaged in growth-oriented new ventures during the crisis period. The same appears to hold for entrepreneurs who are motivated by an opportunity and also perceive future business opportunities in adverse economic conditions. On the other hand, the educational level and the social contacts of founders with other entrepreneurs are found to drive ambitious Greek entrepreneurship in the years before the crisis, while they were insignificant after the crisis outbreak. Originality/value Based on the concept of ambitious entrepreneurship, this study contributes to the literature by investigating the determinants of entrepreneurial high-growth expectations in the Greek context emphasizing the crisis period in comparison to the pre-crisis years.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigations of the Process of Carbonate Fracture Dissolution Enlargement under Reservoir Temperature and Pressure Conditions

Geofluids ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jingxia Wang ◽  
Qingchun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Confining Pressure ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Dissolution Process ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Polynomial Type ◽  
Calcite Veins ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Logarithmic Type

Karst is a central focus in the field of carbonate reservoir geology. Fracture dissolution enlargement is an important mechanism for the formation of high-quality reservoirs. This study performed four carbonate fracture dissolution enlargement (CFDE) experiments under a confining pressure of 20 MPa, and temperatures ranged from 40 to 60°C. CO2-saturated deionized water was injected into artificial carbonate fractures at approximately 11.5 ml/h for 96, 208, 216, and 216 hours. The water flowing out of the fractures was sampled every 8 h to monitor the concentration of Ca2+. SEM photomicrographs and 3D laser scanning images were taken before and after the CFDE experiments to observe the dissolution process of the fracture surfaces. After the CFDE experiment, the hydraulic apertures (Bh) of sample 1 (S1), sample 3 (S3), and sample 4 (S4) were enlarged by 3.4, 1.4, and 1.2 times, respectively. The aperture of sample 2 (S2) was slightly reduced in the early stage of the experiment. The experimental results of this study demonstrate that Bh can be divided into three categories as a function of time: S type, logarithmic type, and polynomial type. The laboratory dissolution rate of S1, S2, S3, and S4 were 2.50 × 10−6, 3.11 × 10−6, 2.70 × 10−6, and 3.04 × 10−6 mol/m2/s. The pattern of fracture dissolution is closely related to the Peclet and Damkohler numbers. The dissolution processes of high Peclet and Damkohler numbers lead to a pattern of obvious channelization. The Peclet and Damkohler numbers of the S3 CFDE experiment were the highest, and the channelizing dissolution is the most notable in S3 of the four fractures. A dissolution process at low temperature has a higher Peclet number and thus leads to obvious channelizing dissolution. Mineral heterogeneities in the rock also play a significant role in channelizing dissolution. A preferential channel typically develops in places where bioclasts are accumulated or the calcite veins are distributed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document