scholarly journals Methane Production From Industrial Hemp

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs M. Adamovics ◽  
Semjons A. Ivanovs ◽  
Vilis S. Dubrovskis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Potassium Oxide ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Abstract. Due to the increasing shortage of fossil fuels, the use of alternative energy sources is becoming even more popular. In Latvia, maize is predominantly used for the production of biogas, and other crops are being studied for this purpose. (Research purpose) To study the productivity of industrial hemp varieties (Cannabis sativa L.) and the possibility of obtaining biogas from hemp. (Materials and methods) Field experiments on hemp productivity were carried out on sod calcareous, heavy dusty sand clay soils in 2012-2014. Ten industrial varieties of hemp – 'Bialobrzeskie', 'Futura 75', 'Fedora 17', 'Santhica 27', 'Beniko', 'Ferimon', 'Epsilon 68', 'Tygra', 'Wojko', and 'Uso 31' – were sown with a seeding rate of 50 kilogram per hectare at the background of fertilizers: nitrogen – 120, phosphoric oxide – 90, potassium oxide – 150 kilogram per hectare. Hemp was sown on 10-square meter plots in mid-May, in triplicate. Hemp was harvested at the beginning of seed ripening phase. The whole crop of green mass was calculated on a completely dry matter. The fermentation process for the production of biogas, the average yield of methane, and other parameters were studied in the Laboratory of Bioenergetics of the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, using small-sized bioreactors. (Results and discussion) The dry matter yield of hemp obtained in the agro-climatic conditions of Latvia averaged 13.32- 17.78 tons per hectare. For an average of three years (2012-2014), higher yields of dry matter were obtained from the varieties of 'Futura 75' (17.76 tons per hectare) and 'Tygra’ (16.31 tons per hectare). The average amount of methane obtained from the 'Uso 31' leaves was 0.365 litre from one gramme of dry organic matter, which is a very good result as compared to other energy crops, for example, corn silage (0.319-0.330 litre from one gramme of dry organic matter in Latvia). (Conclusions) The research has demonstrated that hemp can be successfully used to produce biogas, and hemp leaves are the most suitable starting material.

The effect of N and P fertilization on growth, seed yield and quality of industrial hemp in the Parkland region of Saskatchewan

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Vera ◽  
S. S. Malhi ◽  
J. P. Raney ◽  
Z. H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Seed Protein Content ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Industrial Hemp

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) has sparked renewed interest in western Canada in recent years, and there is very little research information available on its fertilizer requirements. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of surface-broadcast ammonium nitrate and seedrow placed monoammonium phosphate fertilizers on the production and seed quality attributes of industrial hemp (cv. Fasamo and Finola). Field experiments were conducted on a Black Chernozem silty loam soil at Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, in 2000, 2001 and 2002. Increasing N rates significantly increased plant height, biomass, seed yield and seed protein content of hemp in all years. Seed-applied P fertilizer increased plant height in all years, and biomass in 2000, but reduced plant density, biomass and seed yield in 2001 and 2002. Finola consistently had lower plant height, earlier maturity, heavier seeds, and higher seed yield, seed protein content and seed oil content than Fasamo. The average amount of nitrate-N in the 0–60 cm soil was 40 kg N ha-1. Seed yield kg-1 of N was 9.4, 5.9, 4.5 and 3.7 kg ha-1 for Fasamo, and 10.6, 7.7, 6.0 and 4.5 kg ha-1 for Finola, respectively, at 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 of soil plus fertilizer N. Key words: Fertilizer, hemp, nitrogen, phosphorus, rainfall, soil extractable P, soil nitrate-N, cultivars

Response of vetch (Vicia spp.) to plant density in south-western Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Seymour ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
N. Brandon ◽  
L. Martin ◽  
E. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Matter Production

The response of Vicia sativa (cvv. Languedoc, Blanchefleur and Morava) and V. benghalensis (cv. Barloo) seed yield to seeding rate was examined in 9 field experiments across 2 years in south-western Australia. There were 2 types of field experiments: seeding rate (20, 40, 60, 100 and 140 kg/ha) × cultivar (Languedoc, Blanchefleur, and Morava or Barloo), and time of sowing (2 times of sowing of either Languedoc or Blanchefleur) × seeding rate (5,�7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75 and 100 kg/ha).A target density of 40 plants/m2 gave 'optimum' seed yield of vetch in south-western Australia. In high yielding situations, with a yield potential above 1.5 t/ha, the 'optimum' plant density for the early flowering cultivar Languedoc (85–97 days to 50% flowering) was increased to 60 plants/m2. The later flowering cultivar Blanchefleur (95–106 days to 50% flowering) had an optimum plant density of 33 plants/m2 at all sites, regardless of fitted maximum seed yield. Plant density in the range 31–38 plants/m2 was found to be adequate for dry matter production at maturity of Languedoc and Blanchefleur. For the remaining cultivars Barloo and Morava we were unable to determine an average optimum density for either dry matter or seed yield due to insufficient and/or inconsistent data.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Topping on Cannabidiol (CBD) Content in Two Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivars

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Antigolena FOLINA ◽  
Ioanna KAKABOUKI ◽  
Evangelia TOURKOCHORITI ◽  
Ioannis ROUSSIS ◽  
Harry PATEROULAKIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Cultivation Practices ◽  
Industrial Hemp ◽  
Compactness Index

In order to define the finest cultivation practices for two of the most commercial hemp cultivars (‘Fedora 23’ and ‘Futura 75’) under the Mediterranean climate, the treatment of topping was applied in hemp crop in Central Greece. The object of the study was to assess if topping can increase the cannabidiol (CBD) production. In addition, the growth of the two cultivars was also investigated. Our results showed that the treatment of topping and cultivar affected the CBD content. The inflorescence compactness index and the number of nodes were affected by cultivar and topping. The number of inflorescences on secondary shoots was affected only by topping. The leaf area was affected by the interaction of cultivar and topping. The maximum height was recorded in un-topped Futura 75 plants, while the highest fresh and dry weight were found in topped Futura 75 plants. The total inflorescence dry matter was higher in topped plants.

Seeding rate and row spacing effect on weed competition, yield and quality of hemp in the Parkland region of Saskatchewan

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 911-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Vera ◽  
S. M. Woods ◽  
J. P. Raney
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Spacing Effect ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Silty Loam

Field experiments were conducted on a Black Chernozem silty loam soil at Melfort, Saskatchewan, Canada, from 2000 to 2002, to determine the effect of seeding rate and row spacing on weed competition, as well as on seed, shoot biomass production and seed q uality attributes of industrial hemp ( Cannabis sativa L. ‘Fasamo’ and ‘Finola’). Increasing seeding rate from 20 to 60 or 80 kg ha-1decreased weed density in all years (average of 33%) and reduced weed size (34%) in 2000. It also increased hemp plant density, biomass and seed yield (average of 174, 23 and 34%, respectively). Seed weight and protein were not affected by seeding rates, but seed oil content increased 1% in one year, when seeding rate increased from 20 to 60 kg ha-1. Row spacing (18 and 36 cm) had little or no definite effect on most of the parameters studied. Key words: Biomass, cultivar, hemp, protein content, oil content, organic farming, row spacing, seeding rate, weed competition

scholarly journals Environmental substantiation for the use of alternative energy sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Svetlana Ovchinnikova ◽  
Aleksandr Borovkov ◽  
Galina Kukinova ◽  
Nina Markina
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources

An overview of the substantiation of the relevance of the transition to mass ecological housing construction, which is determined by an acute shortage of housing and a high increase in the cost of electricity, is given. The development of an ecological substantiation of an energy-independent house using the example of a one-story house, taking into account natural and climatic conditions, is presented. The characteristics of the work of all utilized engineering systems are considered. It has been established that the housing and utilities sector, being one of the main sources of air and groundwater pollution, creates a large amount of household waste, which has a detrimental effect on the environmental situation. Renewable energy sources have an inexhaustible supply, since they are obtained from natural processes that will not be exhausted in the foreseeable future. Thus, the prospects for renewable energy sources are in considering them to replace fossil fuels. Economic efficiency is defined, which implies that the energy source is economical both in relation to the net cost of production and in relation to supply. The development of renewable energy sources will play an important role in the transformation and digitalization of the Russian power industry. Technologies of energy storage, intelligent systems for forecasting production and demand, predictive analytics of equipment condition, consumption management and many others will be developed.

Yield and quality of wheat grain with mild winter wheat depending on the variety and seeding rate in different soil and climatic conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
I.V. Petunenko ◽  
S.M. Kalenska ◽  
P. Liebhard
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Control Variant

In Ukraine and Austria in 2012 − 2014 was researched the features of yield formation and grain quality of six varieties winter wheat of Ukrainian and Austrian selection with different seeding and fertilizing rates. Field research conducted in three field experiments: 1) Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (PC NULES “Agronomic Research Station,” v. Pshenychne Vasylkiv district, Kyiv region); 2) zone of sufficient moisture in Austria (Wald und Myulfirtel, p. Kauttsen, North of Lower Austria); zone of unstable moisture of Austria (Nordostlyhes Flah und Hyuhelland, v. Leopoldsdorf, East of Lower Austria). Field multifactor experiments was laid on the same pattern in each of the farms in 2012 – 2014: variety (factor A); rate of nitrogen nutrition (factor B), seeding rate (C factor). Were chosen six varieties, genetically different by baking quality and origin: strong varieties – Lybid, Joseph, Midas, Capo; valuable – Balaton, Polis’ka90. Nitrogen was applicated by next four graduation(with introduction during vegetation under phases: autumn tillering – ВВСН 10-21 / spring tillering – ВВСН 25-29 / booting – ВВСН 30-31 Earing – ВВСН 51- 59): D1 – control without nitrogen; D2 – 120 kg / ha a.i .(0/60/60/0); D3 – 180 (0/60/60/60); D4 – 150 kg / ha a.i. (30/60/60/0). The article presents experimental data from two options of nitrogen supply – con­ trol without nitrogen (D1) and the maximum standards for nitrogen fertilization in three applying – 180 (0/60/60/60) kg / ha a.i. (D3). Seeding rate: 3,0; 4.0 and 5.0 million germinated seeds per hectare. Phosphorus and potassium – 90 kg a. i., applied as background during primary tillage. Preceded of winter wheat – winter rape. In average during years of research the highest yield made – 9.07 tonnes / ha in conditions of East Austria (p. Leopoldsdorf), North Austria (p. Kauttsen) – 9,42 and Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (v. Psenychne) – 8.65 t / ha with application of nitrogen (D3). In control variant was observed significant fluctuations in yield – from 3.51 (v. Psenychne) to 5.21 t / ha (v. Leopoldsdorf). There is significant dependence between wheat yields with weather conditions of the year. Find out the optimum seeding grades for conditions of Ukraine and Austria. Estimation of the ecological plas­ ticity and stability of winter wheat varieties were studied. Determinants of wheat quality formation were acertained. The highest mass fraction of protein was achieved by growing strong varieties and introduction of 180 kg / ha N (D3) in all experiments, in average of the study years, in section of soil and climatic conditions (untypical droughty 2012 for v. Leopoldsdorf was excluded). The highest protein content in conditions of Right-Bank Forrest-Steppe of Ukraine obtained at level 15.8%; East Austria – 15.4% and North Austria – 15.0%. Control variant, without nitrogen, allowed to evaluate the potential of soil and variety in the studied environmental conditions – the aver­ age protein content in grain in conditions of Austria reached 12.2% (v. Leopoldsdorf) and 12.4% (v. Kauttsen), of Ukraine – 11.6% (v. Psenychne).

Studies of the preceding crop effect of ley in ecological agriculture

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Granstedt ◽  
Gärd L-Baeckström
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Potentially Mineralizable N

AbstractTwo field experiments were conducted from 1991 to 1996 on clay soils in central Sweden to provide information for improving soil fertility, minimizing N leaching, and increasing the benefits of ley to subsequent crops in organic farming. The results show that it is possible to calculate the amount of N mineralized during the 2-year period following incorporation of ley-crop residues, based on the proportion of incorporated organic matter stabilized in the more resistant humus fractions (i.e., the humification coefficient, calculated to be 35–40%), C:N ratios of the ley biomass, and ley age (humification appears to be higher in older crop residues). The fractions of potentially mineralizable N that are actually mineralized in the first and second years after ley incorporation vary depending on ley age and botanical composition and climatic conditions.

POLISH RAPESEED AS A COMPANION CROP WHEN ESTABLISHING SWEETCLOVER FOR DRY MATTER PRODUCTION

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAJIB MALIK ◽  
JOHN WADDINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Companion Crop

The effect of a Polish rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) companion crop on establishment and yield of sweetclover (Melilotus officinalis L.) was investigated in four field experiments conducted between 1979 and 1986 at Melfort, Saskatchewan. In each test, rapeseed was seeded at 3, 5 and 7 kg ha−1 and sweetclover at 1, 4, 7 and 10 kg ha−1. Rapeseed yield was not affected by its seeding rate or that of sweetclover. At a constant seeding rate of rapeseed, sweetclover forage dry matter yield increased as its seeding rate increased. Sweetclover yield decreased as the seeding rate of rapeseed increased only 1 year of the 3 with successful establishment. The highest mean sweetclover yield of 4020 kg ha−1 was obtained when sweetclover and rapeseed were sown at 10 and 5 kg ha−1, respectively, and the lowest sweetclover yield was obtained at seeding rates of 1 and 7 kg ha−1, respectively, for sweetclover and rapeseed. In 1982, when the mean rapeseed yield across all seeding rates was the lowest (1100 kg ha−1) compared to those of other years, the mean sweetclover yield obtained the following year was the highest (4700 kg ha−1). In 1985, when the mean rapeseed yield was maximum (3110 kg ha-1), the sweetclover yield obtained the following year was minimum (1340 kg ha−1).Key words: Rapeseed, sweetclover, companion crop, forage yield, seeding rate

scholarly journals Assessment of soybean varieties agrobiological properties for irrigated lands of Rostov region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. Balakay ◽  
◽  
S. A. Selitskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Irrigated Lands ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose: selection of soybean varieties that meet the climatic conditions of Rostov region, adaptable to the cultivation technology on irrigated lands. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out in Rostov region on heavy loamy meadow chernozem soils. 18 soybean varieties of different ripeness groups were studied in 2019 and 2020. Plot area was 150 sq. m. Sowing was carried out by a wide-row method with a row spacing of 0.7 m at a seeding rate of 500 thousand pieces/ha. Soybean varieties were cultivated in accordance with agricultural techniques in accordance with the zonal farming systems of Rostov region. The trial establishment, observation over the plants development and the onset of the main phenological phases, yield records, as well as statistical processing of the observation results were carried out according to generally accepted methods of conducting field experiments. Results. The duration of the growing season for soybean varieties has been determined (from 102 to 123 days, depending on the variety). The height of soybean plants in the bean filling stage varied from 81.8 to 123.7 cm. The largest leaf area in the beans filling stage was formed in the varieties Select 201, SK Riana and Select 302 – 71.53; 71.30 and 69.35 thousand sq. m/ha, respectively. The most productive were early ripening and medium early ripening varieties SK Riana, Select 302, Select 201, SK Veda, their average yield for 2 years was 4.45; 4.25; 4.08; 3.97 t/ha, respectively. Conclusions. Studies devoted to the selection of soybean varieties that meet the natural and climatic conditions of Rostov region and are adaptable to the cultivation technology on irrigated lands have shown that the SK Riana, Select 302, Select 201, SK Veda varieties of “Soy Complex” Company. The Annushka variety (3.80 t/ha), zoned for the Central Black Earth region, and the VNIIOZ selection varieties Volgogradka 1 (3.81 t/ha) and Volgogradka 2 (3.78 t/ha), zoned for Lower Volga region were the most promising.

scholarly journals Biogas generation potential from anaerobic digestion of “Ponkan” and “Montenegrin” Tangerine peel waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. e24
Author(s):  
Rafael Vieira de Carvalho ◽  
Thais Cristina Campos de Abreu ◽  
Celso Romanel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Treatment Techniques

Due to the increase in human damage caused to the environment, there is a need for remediation measures and techniques to be applied in favor of a sustainable future for upcoming generations. One of the sectors that have potential in the use of low carbon economy stocks is agribusiness. In fact, part of agribusiness is fruit growing which is one of the sectors of greatest Brazilian economic prominence, with a wide variety of crops produced throughout the country and in different climates. In the food production chain, there are several post-harvest losses and the consequent generation of large amounts of waste. Anaerobic digestion presents itself as an excellent and promising option for the treatment of food waste, contributing to the fight against the increase of polluting emissions and generating biogas for use as thermal or electric energy or even as a fuel to replace fossil fuels. The anaerobic digestion of organic waste is a biological process characterized by the absence of oxygen which through the metabolic activities of microorganisms causes the complex organic material to be converted mainly into methane and carbon dioxide. In a scenario where the production of waste around the world is growing more and more, efficient waste treatment techniques are essential to ensure lower greenhouse gas emissions in the environment. In this study, the biodegradation capacity of the substrate formed with “ponkan” and “montenegrin” tangerine peels was investigated through BMP (Biochemical Methane Potential) tests with the determination of water content, total solids, and volatile solids in samples of laboratory under ideal conditions of pH, temperature, and humidity. The tests were carried out over a period of twenty-one days, having been found, in general, a greater production of gas until the twelfth day of testing, with a gradual reduction until stabilization around the twentieth day. The results obtained in laboratory show that there is a positive potential in the generation of biogas using tangerine peels in relation to the peels of other fruits researched in the literature (orange, banana, among others), with a biogas generation potential of 615.38 NmL/gSV for “ponkan” tangerine peel and 565.84 NmL/gSV for “montenegrin” tangerine peel. Brazil, due to its vast territorial extension and favorable climatic conditions, stands out in the international agricultural market and, therefore, holds great potential in the scenario of energy change. Despite the high potential of waste generated in the country, technologies for recovering organic matter are still incipient and even unknown. The results of this research are yet another contribution to reaffirm and publicize the benefits of treating organic matter via anaerobic digestion, with significant economic, social, and environmental advantages.

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