The effects of Pyrantel-Oxantel on the Dipylidium caninum tapeworm: An in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 969-986
Author(s):  
Jair Millán-Orozco ◽  
Jersson Millán-Orozco ◽  
Miguel Ángel Betancourt-Alonso ◽  
América Ivette Barrera-Molina ◽  
María Soledad Valledor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Macroscopic Appearance ◽  
Dipylidium Caninum ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Oxantel Pamoate

The present study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, the cestocidal effect of Pyrantel-Oxantel on the Dipylidium caninum tapeworm. Each intestine sample was obtained by means of a transversal incision of the abdominal area of each euthanized canine subject, individually dissected via  longitudinal incision, and examined for the presence of D. caninum. An optical microscope was used to identify and verify proglottid morphology and viability based on its macroscopic appearance. The cestocidal effects of Pyrantel-Oxantel (75 mg pyrantel pamoate; 75 mg oxantel pamoate) were assessed in adult tapeworms (treated group, n= 21; control group, n= 21) placed on Petri dishes and incubated at 37 °C. One-hour post-incubation, the D. caninum cestodes treated with Pyrantel-Oxantel presented a 28 % decrease (P=0.001) in motility, which rose to a 52 % (P=0.0001) decrease by the end of the second hour. The control group (P=0.0001) presented 55.7 % motility for at least the first six hours of incubation and 4.2 % (P=0.001) motility by the end of the study, while 0 % motility was observed in the treated group by the end of the study. Pyrantel-Oxantel had a lethal effect (P=0.0001) on adult D. caninum, with 100 % mortality observed 6 h after in vitro post-incubation, while the control group presented 55.7 % viability after the same time period. In addition, Pyrantel-Oxantel reduced (P=0.001) tegument thickness by 42.5 % (10.24 ± 0.21 µm), while this was 17.81 ± 0.33 µm for the control group. The results of this study indicate that Pyrantel-Oxantel has a therapeutic effect on the presence of D. caninum, inducing both a reduction of the tegument thickness and increased mortality.

scholarly journals HEPATOPROTECTIVE, ANTIDIABETIC, AND ANTIPYRETIC ACTIVITY STUDIES OF SIDDHA FORMULATION – NILAVEMBU KUDINEER

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-119
Author(s):  
KASIRAJAN N ◽  
MAHESHWARI B ◽  
SUBASHCHANDRAN G ◽  
MAANICKHA CHELVI KS
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cellulose Solution ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Antipyretic Activity

Objective: Traditional medicines like Siddha System of Medicine are one of the most primitive medical system. It plays a major role in treating ailments of humankind. Nowadays, this system flourished throughout India using Nilavembu kudineer (NVK) as a drug to treat in various outbreaks such as dengue, Chikungunya, and other related virus infections. As per literature, NVK indicated many types of fever and various diseases. This study emphasizes on antipyretic, antidiabetic, and hepato protective activities of NVK by In vitro study methods. Methods: Hepatoprotective effect of NVK on Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat in five groups, antipyretic activity tested by subcutaneous injection of 10 ml/kg of 15% w/v yeast suspended in 0.5% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose solution for elevation of body temperature of rats in 6 groups. Antidiabetic activity done by administration of streptozotocin dissolved in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) and nicotinamide, intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin, 15 min after the i.p administration of 120 mg/kg of nicotinamide in non-insulin-dependent diabetes, in six groups. Results: The hepatoprotective effect having the significance of one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s (n=6); nsp>0.05, *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001, calculated by comparing treated groups tumor with the control group. Antidiabetic activity having the significance of Dunnett’s ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, and *p<0.05 calculated by comparing the treated group with the control group and antipyretic activity results in Dunnett’s *p<0.05 calculated by comparing the treated group with the control group were considered to be significant. Conclusion: The study shows that NVK having the potency of hepatoprotective and capability of diabetes in vitro studies. This study also revealed the potency of antipyretic activity against yeast.

scholarly journals Chemical septoplasty using papain enzyme—a feasibility study

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Angelo Patil ◽  
Amelia Simmons ◽  
Thomas Nilles-Melchert ◽  
Deepak Kumar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Cadaver Study ◽  
Septal Cartilage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nasal Cartilage ◽  
Surgical Options ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Abstract Background Though surgery can correct nasal septal defects through a procedure called septoplasty, many people seek non-surgical options. Papain enzyme has been used in the past to lyse intervertebral disc and has shown to have a lytic effect on cartilage. Therefore, in this paper, the feasibility to use papain for septoplasty was studied. First, an in vitro study on chicken cartilage was done. Cartilage pieces were emerged in papain solution (5 mg/ml of papain in normal saline) and plain normal saline solution (as control) for 2 weeks at room and refrigeration temperatures. Then, the papain solution was injected in a formalin-fixed cadaver in the submucosal space around the nasal septal cartilage. The control group was injected with normal saline. Results The treated group showed significant lysis with the disintegration of the cartilage, both in the in vitro and cadaver study. Conclusion This study shows that papain can lyse cartilage. It also shows that submucosal injection of papain around nasal cartilage will lyse the septal cartilage. Based on prior experience with papain for disc herniation and the present study, it is worthwhile to further investigate this procedure using live animals.

scholarly journals Evaluation of equine corneal endothelium after exposure to 0.5% indocyanine green - in vitro study

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 613
Author(s):  
Vanessa Ruiz Moura da Silva ◽  
Maria Cristina Caldart de Andrade ◽  
Claudia Skilhan Faganello ◽  
Marcela Torikachvili ◽  
Andre Silva Carissimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Indocyanine Green ◽  
Corneal Endothelium ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alizarin Red

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether indocyanine green (ICG) dye damages the corneal endothelium of horses. Twenty-four corneas of 12 healthy equines, males or females, of different ages were used in this study. Only eyes with no ocular findings were used. Randomly, one eye was included in the treatment group and one in the control group. The eyes of the treatment group were exposed for 1 minute to dye ICG 0.5%. After that the endothelium of all eyes was stained with trypan blue and alizarin red S and analyzed and photographed under an optical microscope. Areas with damaged endothelial cells were manually measured and quantified using software for morphometric analysis and expressed as a percentage of cell damage. In all eyes examined areas of cell damage were observed in both corneas of the control group and the treatment group. The mean endothelial damage was 0.8 ± 0.37% in the treatment group and 0.97 ± 0.39% in the control. The Qui-square test stated that treatment and control group were not different. The ICG 0.5% did not cause acute damage to equine corneal endothelium.

An In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide Pre-Treatment on the Bond Strength of Fiber Post

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-262
Author(s):  
Reshma Rajasekhar ◽  
Sooraj S ◽  
Midhula Sathyan ◽  
Varsha Maria Sebastian
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Group B ◽  
Post Space

Background: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of dimethyl sulfoxide pre-treatment of dentin on the bond strength of fiber post. Methods: Twenty single rooted mandibular premolar teeth were decoronated and shaping and cleaning was done till Protaper gold F3. After obturation, the teeth were sealed using type II GIC and stored in the distilled water for one week. Post space preparation was done using peeso reamer to a depth of 12 mm with 5 mm of remaining gutta percha in the apical portion of all samples and post space was etched with 37% phosphoric acid. The specimens were divided into two groups with 10 teeth each in group A (DMSO group) and group B (Control). In the group A, the post space was treated with 1 mL of 50% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and in group B (control), the post space was treated with 1 mL of distilled water for 60 seconds with the help of paper points. Etch and rinse resin cement (Variolink II, IvoclarVivadent) was used following the manufacturer’s instructions. Fibre posts were coated with cement and placed into the post space and light cured. Push out strength of samples was performed using universal testing machine. Results: Statistical analysis of the data showed no significant difference in push out bond strength between the control group and pre-treated group. Conclusion: This in vitro study showed that there was no significant difference in the immediate bond strength scores of 50% v/v dimethyl sulfoxide pre-treated group when compared to control group. Keywords: Dentin, Dimethyl sulfoxide, Dowel, Resin cements

Reverse torque values of abutment screws after dynamic loading: The effects of sealant agents and the taper of conical connections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arda Ozdiler ◽  
suleyman dayan ◽  
Burc Gencel ◽  
Gulbahar Isık-Ozkol
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Loading ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Silicone Sealant ◽  
Reverse Torque ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gel

This in vitro study evaluated the influence of taper angles on the internal conical connections of implant systems and of the application of chlorhexidine gel as an antibacterial agent or a polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) sealant on the reverse torque values of abutment screws after dynamic loading. The current study tested four implant systems with different taper angles (5.4°, 12°, 45°, and 60°). Specimens were divided into three groups: control (neither chlorhexidine gel filled nor silicone sealed), 2% chlorhexidine gel-filled or silicone-sealed group, and group subjected to a dynamic load of 50 N at 1 Hz for 500,000 cycles prior to reverse torque measurements. Quantitative positive correlation was observed between the taper angle degree and the percentage of tightening torque loss. However, this correlation was significant only for the 60° connection groups except in the group in which a sealant was applied ( p = 0.013 for the control group, p = 0.007 for the chlorhexidine group). Percentages of decrease in the torque values of the specimens with silicone sealant application were significantly higher compared with both the control and chlorhexidine groups ( p = 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.001, and p = 0.002, respectively, according to the increasing taper angles); the percentage of decrease in torque values due to chlorhexidine application was statistically insignificant when compared with the control group. The application of gel-form chlorhexidine as an antibacterial agent does not significantly affect the stability of the implant–abutment connection under dynamic loads. PVS sealants may cause screw loosening under functional loads.

Comparative Study to Evaluate the Surface Detail Reproduction of Dental Stone after Immersion in Various Different Disinfectant Solutions, Under Stereomicroscope 10 X Magnification –An In-Vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rathika Rai ◽  
M. A. Easwaran ◽  
K. T. Dhivya
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Disinfectant Solution ◽  
Surface Detail ◽  
Group B

Aim: To evaluate the surface detail reproduction of dental stone this is immersed in different disinfectant solution and studied under stereomicroscope. Methodology: Total number of 30 specimens of dental stone (Type III) were made with measurements of 1.5cm diameter and 1cm height .This samples are divided in to 3 groups group A,B,C. were A is immersed in Distilled water which was taken as control group ;B is immersed in 2% Glutaraldehyde and C is immersed in 5%sodium hypochlorite. Each specimen were immersed in the disinfectant solution for 15 minutes and dried under room temperature for 24 hrs. After 24 hrs each specimens are studied under stereomicroscope for surface details. Result: The results showed no significant difference in the surface irregularities and porosities for a group 1 and group 2 except group 3 which showed significant increase in the porosities, surface irregularities and erosions after disinfection with 5% NaHOCl by immersion method. Conclusion: The surface detail reproduction capacity of die stone was adversely affected when 5% Sodium hypochlorite was used as disinfectant solution when compare d to control group and 2% Glutaraldehyde

Cold Plasma Treatment Promotes Full-thickness Healing of Skin Wounds in Murine Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 153473462110021
Author(s):  
Joon M. Jung ◽  
Hae K. Yoon ◽  
Chang J. Jung ◽  
Soo Y. Jo ◽  
Sang G. Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Skin Wound Healing

Cold plasma can be beneficial for promoting skin wound healing and has a high potential of being effectively used in treating various wounds. Our aim was to verify the effect of cold plasma in accelerating wound healing and investigate its underlying mechanism in vitro and in vivo. For the in vivo experiments, 2 full-thickness dermal wounds were created in each mouse (n = 30). While one wound was exposed to 2 daily plasma treatments for 3 min, the other wound served as a control. The wounds were evaluated by imaging and histological analyses at 4, 7, and 11 days post the wound infliction process. Immunohistochemical studies were also performed at the same time points. In vitro proliferation and scratch assay using HaCaT keratinocytes and fibroblasts were performed. The expression levels of wound healing–related genes were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. On day 7, the wound healing rates were 53.94% and 63.58% for the control group and the plasma-treated group, respectively. On day 11, these rates were 76.05% and 93.44% for the control and plasma-treated groups, respectively, and the difference between them was significant ( P = .039). Histological analysis demonstrated that plasma treatment promotes the formation of epidermal keratin and granular layers. Immunohistochemical studies also revealed that collagen 1, collagen 3, and alpha-smooth muscle actin appeared more abundantly in the plasma-treated group than in the control group. In vitro, the proliferation of keratinocytes was promoted by plasma exposure. Scratch assay showed that fibroblast exposure to plasma increased their migration. The expression levels of collagen 1, collagen 3, and alpha-smooth muscle actin were elevated upon plasma treatment. In conclusion, cold plasma can accelerate skin wound healing and is well tolerated.

scholarly journals Pomegranate Peel Extract Is a Potential Alternative Therapeutic for Giardiasis

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Asmaa M. El-Kady ◽  
Iman A. M. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Samer S. Fouad ◽  
Khaled S. Allemailem ◽  
Taghrid Istivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽  
Multiple Drugs ◽  
Peel Extract

Giardiasis is a major diarrheal disease affecting approximately 2.5 million children annually in developing countries. Several studies have reported the resistance of Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) to multiple drugs. Therefore, identifying an effective drug for giardiasis is a necessity. This study examined the antiparasitic effect of Punica granatum (pomegranate) and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy in rats infected with G. lamblia. In vitro study showed high efficacy of pomegranate peel ethanolic extract in killing G. lamblia cysts as demonstrated by eosin vital staining. We showed that treating infected rats with pomegranate extract resulted in a marked reduction in the mean number of G. lamblia cysts and trophozoites in feces and intestine respectively. Interestingly, the number of G. lamblia trophozoites and cysts were significantly lower in the pomegranate extract-treated group compared to the metronidazole-positive control group. Moreover, pomegranate extract treatment significantly induced nitric oxide (NO) and reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α, compared to infected untreated rats. Histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the jejunum and duodenum of pomegranate extract-treated animals confirmed the antiparasitic effect of the extract, and demonstrated the restoration of villi structure with reduction of villi atrophy, decreased infiltration of lymphocytes, and protection of intestinal cells from apoptotic cell death. In conclusion, our data show that the pomegranate peel extract is effective in controlling G. lamblia infections, which suggests that it could be a viable treatment option for giardiasis.

scholarly journals Potential of different fluoride gels to prevent erosive tooth wear caused by gastroesophageal reflux

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Körner ◽  
Luca Georgis ◽  
Daniel B. Wiedemeier ◽  
Thomas Attin ◽  
Florian J. Wegehaupt
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Erosive Tooth Wear ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Abstract Background This in-vitro-study aimed to evaluate the potential of different fluoride gels to prevent gastroesophageal reflux induced erosive tooth wear. Methods Surface baseline profiles of a total of 50 bovine enamel specimens [randomly assigned to five groups (G1–5)] were recorded. All specimens were positioned in a custom made artificial oral cavity and perfused with artificial saliva (0.5 ml/min). Reflux was simulated 11 times a day during 12 h by adding HCl (pH 3.0) for 30 s (flow rate 2 ml/min). During the remaining 12 h (overnight), specimens were stored in artificial saliva and brushed twice a day (morning and evening) with a toothbrush and toothpaste slurry (15 brushing strokes). While specimens in the control group (G1) did not receive any further treatment, specimens in G2–5 were coated with different fluoride gels [Elmex Gelée (G2); Paro Amin Fluor Gelée (G3); Paro Fluor Gelée Natriumfluorid (G4); Sensodyne ProSchmelz Fluorid Gelée (G5)] in the evening for 30 s. After 20 days, surface profiles were recorded again and enamel loss was determined by comparing them with the baseline profiles. The results were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey`s HSD post-hoc test. Results The overall highest mean wear of enamel (9.88 ± 1.73 µm) was observed in the control group (G1), where no fluoride gel was applied. It was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to all other groups. G2 (5.03 ± 1.43 µm), G3 (5.47 ± 0.63 µm, p = 0.918) and G4 (5.14 ± 0.82 µm, p > 0.999) showed the overall best protection from hydrochloric acid induced erosion. Enamel wear in G5 (6.64 ± 0.86 µm) was significantly higher compared to G2 (p = 0.028) and G4 (p = 0.047). Conclusions After 20 days of daily application, all investigated fluoride gels are able to significantly reduce gastroesophageal reflux induced loss of enamel.

scholarly journals Time Efficiency of Digitally and Conventionally Produced Single-Unit Restorations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Sofia Stromeyer ◽  
Daniel Wiedemeier ◽  
Albert Mehl ◽  
Andreas Ender
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Scan Design ◽  
Time Efficiency ◽  
Dental Professional

The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the time efficiency of digital chairside and labside workflows with a conventional workflow for single-unit restorations. The time efficiency in this specific sense was defined as the time, which has to be spent in a dental office by a dental professional performing the relevant steps. A model with interchangeable teeth on position 36 was created. These teeth were differently prepared, responding to several clinical situations to perform single-unit restorations. Different manufacturing techniques were used: For the digital workflows, CEREC Omnicam (CER) and Trios 3 (TN/TI) were used. The conventional workflow, using a dual-arch tray impression technique, served as the control group. For the labside workflow (_L) and the conventional impression procedure (CO), the time necessary for the impressions and temporary restorations was recorded and served as operating time. The chairside workflow time was divided by the time for the entire workflow (_C) including scan, design, milling and finishing the milled restoration, and in the actual working time (_CW) leaving out the chairside milling of the restoration. Labside workflow time ranged from 9 min 27 s (CER_L) to 12 min 41 s (TI_L). Entire chairside time ranged from 43 min 35 s (CER_C) to 58 min 43 s (TI_C). Pure chairside working time ranged from 15 min 21 s (CER_CW) to 23 min 17 s (TI_CW). Conventional workflow time was 10 min 39 s (CO) on average. The digital labside workflow and the conventional workflow require a similar amount of time. The digital chairside workflow is more time consuming.

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