Nomads of the Steppe Ciscaucasia during the Great Reforms in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Irina V. Lidzhieva ◽  
Daniyal S. Kidirniyazov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The Impact

Based on an analysis of archival documents and periodical press materials, the present paper studies the impact of the liberal reforms of Alexander II on the policies of the imperial authorities for the nomadic peoples of the steppe of Ciscaucasia: the Kalmyks, Nogais and Turkmens. The liberal reforms of the 1860s and 1870s had a direct impact on the formation of the national intelligentsia, which during the revolutionary events of the early 20th century led to the rise of the national movement in the empires peripheries and to the struggle for self-determination of the non-Russian populations during the Russian Revolution of 1917. The article reconstructs individual facts and events from the life of the nomadic population under specific socio-economic and political-legal conditions. Using the historical-genetic method, the influence of liberal reforms on the vital activity of the nomadic peoples of the Stavropol province is revealed. The authors focus on the activities of regional authorities during the period under review, which were liberal in nature and carried out in the context of the reforms of Alexander II. The authors conclude that the pre-Caucasus steppe, the territory of the nomadic Kalmyks, Nogais and Turkmens, being the national edge of the Russian Empire and falling under a special system of governance related to the ethnic and religious characteristics of the populations, was not drawn into the orbit of liberal reforms. Meanwhile, a number of measures were approved by the regional executive authorities on the ground, of course, first of all, aimed at satisfying the needs of the imperial policy for incorporating the region into the common imperial space, but at the same time improving the lives of the nomadic peoples of the Stavropol province, in particular in the field of education and legal procedures.

scholarly journals GEOGRAPHY OF THE REVOLUTION: Location and Activities of SR’s Party on the Territory of Ardat District of Simbirsk Province in 1905–1909

2018 ◽  
pp. 429-445
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Kistanov ◽  
Galina N. Davydova
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Party Organization ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The centenary of the great Russian revolution actualized the study of unexplored issues in the activities of political parties of the Russian Empire of the early twentieth century. One of them is the study of the direct placement of party groups and organizations in the regions of the country. Materials and methods. As a methodological base of the research the historical-genetic method is used, which allows, using a variety of sources, to recreate a real and objective picture of the essence of this study. Results. The main task is to conduct a study of anti-government activities in relation to the geography of Ardatov district. The placement of groups and individual representatives of the party of S.R. in relation to the district organization is investigated, taking into account the role of the Ardatov organization of the party in their occurrence. It is noted that representatives of the regional party organization took part in the creation of all local groups of S.R. in the district, and members of the district organization were the main agitators and propagandists in this period of time. It should be noted that the activities of the district organization did not affect the District evenly, which makes it possible to identify the areas most susceptible to S.R. influence. Discussion and Conclusions. The study made it possible to clearly structure the placement of S.R. groups and organizations on the territory of Ardatov District. You can say about sort of two S.R. rings located around the Ardatov with a diameter of 5–15 and 30–50 kilometers which were located almost all of S.R. groups, and there were some members of the party in 1905–1908. The most active representatives of the district organizations «processed» the Central and Western part of the district, and the area located to the South-East of Ardatov was not practically felt the impact of S.R. party. Keywords: revolution, the party of socialist-revolutionaries, organization, propaganda, illegal literature, leaflets, meeting, police.

scholarly journals Female labor applying by the Maritime Ministry of the Russian Empire at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-373
Author(s):  
Irina V Sinova
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
The Public ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the issues related to the evolution of the use of women in the civil service at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries on the example of the Maritime Ministry on the basis of previously unpublished documents stored in the Russian state archive of the Navy and periodical press materials. The study of gender issues can be of scientific interest on the basis of its documents, as practically not in demand in research related to the women’s issue. As a result of the struggle of the public, there were some concessions on the part of the authorities related to the expansion of women’s access to fill certain positions in a number of areas that experienced a lack of certain qualifications, including public service, in the conditions of intensive bourgeois development. The article analyzes the legal acts regulating the work of women, especially in the public service. it is shown how the changes that took place in the Russian Empire influenced the transformation of the socio-economic situation of women in General, and, also, became a reflection of the social policy of the state. The article reveals the attitude of the heads of departments of the Ministry to the admission of women to the public service, as well as their opinion on the degree of necessity for the service itself in attracting women to it. The article deals with the arguments of men - heads of departments of the Ministry, related to the impact of women’s work on home life, on the family and on itself, which differed largely by philistine assessments, rather than progressive views. In fact, on the part of the authorities, concessions to women were more imaginary and forced than the result of an objective assessment of their equal opportunity to serve in the public system.

scholarly journals Assessment of Salivary Catalase, α-Amylase, and Cotinine Levels in Chronic Smokers: A Comparative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satvinder Singh ◽  
Mamta Sharma ◽  
Nitika Rohilla ◽  
Varun Salgotra ◽  
Varun Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Salivary Cotinine ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Introduction One of the common practices observed in many parts of the world is smoking, of which tobacco forms an important constituent which is burned and inhaled. Smoking is known to have potential effect on body’s immune system, antioxidants level, and salivary cotinine levels. Hence, we planned the present study to evaluate the impact of cigarette smoke on salivary antioxidant levels and cotinine levels in smokers and nonsmokers. Materials and methods The present study included assessment of salivary parameters of smokers and nonsmokers. A total of 400 subjects were analyzed, of which 200 were active smokers and 200 were nonsmokers. Unstimulated salivary samples were taken and assessment of α-amylase levels was done using biochemical kit and spectrophotometer. Assessment of salivary catalase (CAT) activity was done using Luck method. For the determination of cotinine levels, Bioassay Technology Laboratory kit was used using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. After the assessment of levels of all the salivary parameters, all the data were recorded, compiled, and analyzed. Results α-Amylase in smokers and nonsmokers group was found to be 206.25 and 169.85 U/mL respectively. Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the salivary α-amylase levels among the two study groups. Nonsignificant results were obtained while comparing the salivary CAT levels among the smokers and nonsmokers group. We observed statistically significant results while comparing mean cotinine levels among smokers group and nonsmokers group. Conclusion Alteration in cotinine levels occurs in smokers in comparison to nonsmokers. Clinical significance Smoking can cause harmful effect on the oral mucous membrane by altering salivary defense components. How to cite this article Singh S, Sharma M, Rohilla N, Salgotra V, Kumar V, Sharma RK. Assessment of Salivary Catalase, α-Amylase, and Cotinine Levels in Chronic Smokers: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018;19(3):253-256.

scholarly journals On “Freedom of speech” in the era of Nicholai I (the case of Menzelinsk Uyezd)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-459
Author(s):  
Liliya R. Gabdrafikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Conflict Situation ◽  
Event Series ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the story of the scandalous publication from Menzelinsk Uyezd, which was published in a Moscow newspaper in 1849 and provoked a series of events in public life. Based on archival documents and materials of the pre-revolutionary press, the author reconstructed the event series of the conflict situation, revealed the causes and consequences of the conflict, the motives of the parties, as well as the impact of the scandal on society. The publication is devoted to both the history of the Menzelinsk Uyezd and the specifics of how the local authorities in the provinces of the Russian Empire functioned. Therefore, the article reveals wide possibilities of micro-historical analysis.

scholarly journals Samara public figure and deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Empire V.A. Plemyannikov

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Andrey Ivanovich Eliseev
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Party ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Local Branch ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Empire

The paper analyzes published and archival documents, periodical materials, and memoirs of contemporaries; it is devoted to the socio-political activities of the member of the Samara Zemstvo Council, one of the organizers of the Samara Provincial and Buzuluk Uyezd Committees of the Constitutional Democratic Party, deputy of the first State Duma of the Russian Empire, Vasily Andreevich Plemyannikov. The author examines the work of V.A. Plemyannikov in the Zemstvo institutions of the Samara province and All-Russian Zemstvo Congresses, where he studied the situation in the region, gained rich experience in social activities, and formed his political views. The paper also contains an overview of Plemyannikovs relations with Central authorities and regional public organizations. The author argues that the years of the first Russian revolution became the peak of Plemyannikovs social and political activity. The paper is focused on the active participation of V.A. Plemyannikov in the State Duma election campaign and the organization of the local branch of the Constitutional Democratic Party in Buzuluk Uyezd. Due to his active propaganda work and political significance in the province, Plemyannikov was elected to the State Duma. In addition to the reconstruction of political activity of V.A. Plemyannikov, the paper introduces previously unknown biographical data.

scholarly journals Approximations, Errors, and Misconceptions in the Use of Map Projections

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sergio Baselga ◽  
Michael J. Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Reference Systems ◽  
Geospatial Information ◽  
Map Projections ◽  
Scale Factors ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Area Determination

Global geodetic techniques currently can provide the user with worldwide millimeter accuracy. Preservation of this degree of accuracy in derived products is far from straightforward and may leave vast room for trouble in the different steps involved in the collection, storing, processing, analysis, and delivering of geospatial information. This paper is envisioned to serve as a guide for those utilizing map projections, in any possible form of application-cartography, GIS, remote sensing, photogrammetry, etc., to the common (and not so common) causes of error and misconception. This work also explores and questions the validity of some of approximations that are routinely implemented and quantifies the corresponding impact. These include the impact of neglecting meteorological corrections, reduction to ellipsoid and grid scale factors for distances, meridian convergence and arc-to-chord correction for angles, and mixing up with different frames and reference systems, height systems, or deceptively similar map projections. Correct indications are also given for accurately performing geospatial operations such as intersection of lines, determination of minimum point to line distance, and area determination for cadaster, which are often performed with suboptimal accuracy.

scholarly journals Enzyme–Inhibitor Interactions and a Simple, Rapid Method for Determining Inhibition Modality

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane M. Buker ◽  
P. Ann Boriack-Sjodin ◽  
Robert A. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Specific Inhibition ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Inhibitory Molecules ◽  
The Impact

Contemporary chemical biology and drug discovery are increasingly focused on the discovery of inhibitory molecules that interact with enzyme targets in specific ways, such as allosteric or orthosteric binding. Hence, there is increasing interest in evaluating hit compounds from high-throughput diversity screening to determine their mode of interaction with the target. In this work, the common inhibition modalities are reviewed and clarified. The impact of substrate concentration, relative to substrate KM, for each common inhibition modality is also reviewed. The pattern of changes in IC50 that accompany increasing substrate concentration are shown to be diagnostic of specific inhibition modalities. Thus, replots of IC50 as a function of the ratio [S]/KM are recommended as a simple and rapid means of assessing inhibition modality. Finally, specific recommendations are offered for ideal experimental conditions for the determination of inhibition modality through the use of IC50 replots.

Orthodox arrangement of the Pochaiv Lavra in the second third of the XIX century.

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-41
Author(s):  
Ella Volodymyrivna Bystrytska
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Political Motivation ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

Abstract: A series of imperial decrees of the 1820s ordering the establishment of a Greco-Uniate Theological Collegium and appropriate consistories contributed to the spread of the autocratic synodal system of government and the establishment of control over Greek Uniate church institutions in the annexed territories of Right-Bank Ukraine. As a result, the Greco-Uniate Church was put on hold in favor of the government's favorable grounds for the rapid localization of its activities. Basilian accusations of supporting the Polish November Uprising of 1830-1831 made it possible to liquidate the OSBM and most monasteries. The transfer of the Pochaiv Monastery to the ownership of the Orthodox clergy in 1831 was a milestone in the liquidation of the Greco-Uniate Church and the establishment of a Russian-style Orthodox mono-confessionalism. On the basis of archival documents, the political motivation of the emperor's decree to confiscate the Pochayiv Monastery from the Basilians with all its property and capital was confirmed. The transfer to the category of monasteries of the 1st class and the granting of the status of a lavra indicated its special role in strengthening the position of the autocracy in the western region of the Russian Empire. The orders of the Holy Synod outline the key tasks of ensuring the viability of the Lavra as an Orthodox religious center: the introduction of continuous worship, strengthening the personal composition of the population, delimitation of spiritual responsibilities, clarifying the affiliation of the printing house. However, maintaining the rhythm of worship and financial and economic activities established by the Basilians proved to be a difficult task, the solution of which required ten years of hard work. In order to make quick changes in the monastery, decisions were made by the emperor and senior government officials, and government agencies were involved at the local level, which required the coordination of actions of all parties to the process.

Prospects for the use of the “model budget” in the distribution of equalization grants in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-38
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Deryugin ◽  
Ilya A. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Intergovernmental Relations ◽  
Unfunded Mandates ◽  
Interregional Inequality ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Equalization Grants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Budget Expenditure

The paper analyzes the impact of the “model budget” on the problems of intergovernmental relations in the Russian Federation: a high proportion of expenditure obligations of regional and local budgets and a high degree of interregional inequality in fiscal capacity and socio-economic development. It was concluded that the planned broader use of the “model budget” will not solve the problem of unfunded mandates and will lead first to a significant reduction in incentives for regional authorities to develop the territorial revenue base, and then to economic slowdown in the country. As an alternative approach to improving intergovernmental relations, options are being considered for adjusting the parameters of the equalization transfers distribution formula, the procedure for determining their total volume and calculating the budget expenditure index. In solving the problem of unfunded mandates, an equally important role is given to the procedure for preparing a financial and economic rationale for draft laws.

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