scholarly journals Mutual Perception in Contemporary Relations between Russia and Iran: Image of Russia and Iran in History School Textbooks of the Two Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-170
Author(s):  
Julia Aleksandrovna Zotova
Keyword(s):  
History Textbooks ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
School Level ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Iranian History ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Opinion Polls

Russia and Iran have maintained continuous diplomatic relations since 1592. During the post-Soviet period, relations between the Russian Federation and the Islamic Republic of Iran have strengthened significantly. The leaderships of both countries seek to turn their relations into a strategic partnership. However, the main obstacle to achieving this goal is the negative perception of the other by the peoples of both countries. The purpose of this study is to understand how modern Russians and Iranians see each other and the relations between their governments. This article examines data from sociological surveys, opinions of Russian and Iranian experts, and analyzes the images of Iran and Russia presented in school-level history textbooks of the two countries. We note negative stereotypes and a distrust of Russia among modern Iranians. Russia receives far more attention in Iranian history textbooks than Iran in Russian ones. For Iranians, the image of Russia as a neighbor is more important than the image of Russia as a great world power. However, the image of Russia in general is negative; Russia is seen as a country to be feared. The negative image of Russia among Iranians is formed through selective and often erroneous interpretation, rather than historical facts. Although opinion polls in contemporary Russia divulge a generally positive image of Iran, the country is not seen as important to respondents - it remains distant, exotic, and incomprehensible. Modern Russians have very faint ideas about their Southern neighbor, Iran. Persia and Iran receive so little attention in Russian school textbooks that it is difficult to talk about the image of this country as positive or negative.

scholarly journals Looking East Again? Malaysia-Japan Relations in the 21st Century

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEW MENG LAI
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Bilateral Relationship ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Strategic Thought ◽  
The Given

This article analyses the trends and developments in Malaysia-Japan relations since its inception in 1957. It begins with a brief historical overview of their bilateral interactions, followed by a scrutiny of the developments and shifting trends, from the early decade of the establishment of official diplomatic relations between independent Malaya and Japan that coincided with the Cold War to the introduction of Malaysia’s Look East Policy (LEP) in the early 1980’s that saw Malaysia-Japan ties taking-off to new and unprecedented heights. In doing so, the article reveals the major impetuses/drivers of their ‘special relationship’, which among others include complementarities in their national economies, perceived sociocultural affinities underpinned by the so-called ‘Asian values’ and idiosyncrasies of key leaders like Mahathir Mohamad, as well as the given regional strategic environment, which contributed to a congruence of strategic thought and mutual interests between the major actors from both countries that led to Malaysia’s admirable relations with Japan before the turn of the 21st century. This article also assesses the contemporary trends in and prospects for their bilateral ties, by identifying the changing dynamics that have brought a qualitative shift in the Malaysia-Japan bilateral relationship which is moving towards strategic partnership and beyond.

scholarly journals US-ROMANIAN STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP – PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (72) ◽  
pp. 381-389
Author(s):  
Alexandru CRISTIAN
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
The Us

Based on 140 years of diplomatic relations made permanent and on almost 180 years of trade agreements, the US-Romanian relations evolved depending on the historicalcircumstances. Relations have grown stronger and more complex, to become permanent and eventually instrumentalized. The emergence of new diplomatic cooperation tools meant the professionalization and institutionalization of US-Romanian bilateral relations. July 11, 1997 – the launching date of the Strategic Partnership – is a historical turning point in the relations of the two countries, which has been beneficial for both stakeholders.Keywords: Strategic Partnership; United States of America; Romania; bilateral relations; pillars; trust; loyalty; cooperation.

scholarly journals Why 20 Years of the Great Agreement did not Save Ukraine from Russian Military Aggression?

2018 ◽  
pp. 641-655
Author(s):  
Hryhorii Perepelytsia
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Implementation Period ◽  
Partnership Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Military

The article analyses significance of the Agreement on Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership between Ukraine and the Russian Federation. The author outlines the statement of the President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko about the termination of the Agreement on Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership between Ukraine and the Russian Federation, analyses the reasons for delaying the breakdown of diplomatic relations with the aggressor country, and studies the trade-economic and financial reasons for such a delay. Fear of large-scale armed invasion in Ukraine, the existence of certain arrangements with negative consequences for the ownership of Ukrainian oligarchs in Russia and so on are distinguished among the reasons for the delay of denouncing this treaty. Therefore, Ukraine legally preserved strategic partnership relations with Russia and continued to develop trade and economic relations. The domestic policy of both states was characterized within the context of Russian-Ukrainian war; the main content of the analysis of the Great Agreement and its 20-year implementation period was revealed. Fundamental changes in relations between the West and Russia were formulated. The analysis of the interpretation of the main points and theses of the Agreement were carried out. After analyzing the Great Agreement the author considers it obvious that Ukraine and Russia have different conceptual views on the role of the Treaty in their development as well as in development of their interstate bilateral relations. The article analyses Russia’s ignoring of the main points and norms of the Agreement on Friendship, Cooperation and Partnership and describes the reasons for radicalization of relations both in political and social dimensions that have been provoked by the Russian-Ukrainian war. The author concludes that Russia under cover of the Great Agreement, created all conditions necessary for committing its military aggression against Ukraine and gives examples of war crimes. Keywords: Great Agreement, Ukraine, Russian Federation, diplomatic relations, partnership, status.

Citra Lansia dalam Film ‘An’ (Selai Kacang Merah) dan ‘Oke Roujin!’ (Golden Orchestra)

KIRYOKU ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227
Author(s):  
Lili Febriyani
Keyword(s):  
Successful Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
Red Bean

People who have entered the final phase of life or elderly people, are often labeled with negative stereotypes regarding physical, psychological, and sociological changes. Various descriptions of the self-image of the elderly appear in various texts. This article discusses the image of the elderly in two Japanese films, entitled An (Sweet Bean) and Oke Rojin! (Golden Orchestra). By using Activity Theory, Successful Aging, and Loneliness, the research tries to analyze the image of the elderly that is constructed individually and in groups using the Content Analysis method. From the results of a thorough analysis of the components in the film, it can be concluded that the positive image of the elderly is constructed by looking for gaps of excellence from the shortcomings they have, and the positive image does not eliminate the depiction of the negative image. The elderly from both films try to make good use of old age, leaving the works in different ways, namely Tokue Yoshii with his red bean butter and the elderly orchestra with their first music and concerts.

Revolution and integration in Soviet international diplomacy, 1917–1991

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN WHITE ◽  
STEPHEN REVELL
Keyword(s):  
International System ◽  
International Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
International Diplomacy ◽  
Cooperative Relationship

In spite of its initial rejection of the international system, the USSR became increasingly involved in diplomatic relations with the other—largely capitalist—powers. The intensity of diplomatic activity increased from the Khrushchev years, not only in relation to other states but also to international bodies and conventions. There was a comparable change, in the later wartime years and under Khrushchev, in the proportion of foreign states with which the USSR sustained relations; by the end of the Soviet period, in 1991, there were diplomatic relations with 85 per cent of the members of the international community. This evidence supports the thesis that outcast states will tend to become ‘socialised’ into a more cooperative relationship with their counterparts; it also suggests that the USSR had become a largely ‘normal’ participant in the international system before the end of communist rule.

The negative image psychiatry from a sociological perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S63-S63
Author(s):  
A.M. Möller-Leimkühler ◽  
H.J. Möller ◽  
W. Maier ◽  
W. Gaebel ◽  
P. Falkai
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
The Media ◽  
Associative Stigma ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Medical Disciplines

The negative image of psychiatry is not only due to unfavourable communication with the media, but is basically a problem of self-conceptualization. It results both from unjustified prejudices of the general public, mass media and health care professionals and of own unfavourable coping with external and internal concerns.Issues related to negative stereotypes of psychiatry include overestimation of coercion, associative stigma, lack of public knowledge, need of simplification of complex mental issues, problem of the continuum between normality and psychopathology, competition with medical and non-medical disciplines, and psychopharmacological treatment.Issues related to psychiatry's own contribution to being underestimated include lack of a clear professional identity, lack of biomarkers supporting clinical diagnoses, limited consensus about best treatment options, lack of collaboration with other medical disciplines and low recruitment rates among medical students.Much can be improved to achieve a positive self-concept, however, psychiatry will remain a profession with an exceptional position among the medical disciplines which should be seen as its specific strength.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Diplomatic Relations between Uzbekistan and Turkey (1991–2018) (In English)

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
B.Kh. Imamov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Political Conflicts ◽  
Turkish Government ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level ◽  
Heads Of State ◽  
The Cold War

Introduction. This article analyzes the formation of Uzbek-Turkish relations, the causes of political conflicts and disagreements between the two countries, as well as the efforts to restore these relations on the basis of new evidence. It was also noted that the normative and legal documents signed in recent years during high-level state visits and official meetings of the two leaders in trade, economic, scientific, technical, cultural and humanitarian spheres play an important role in expanding mutually beneficial relations. Methods and materials. The article covers the information on the meetings of the heads of the two countries at the highest level, as well as the agreements signed by the heads of the two states, the content of the agreements, as well as their role and role in the development of states. These signed legal and normative documents, in turn, serve to close and effective cooperation between the two countries in the political, economic and cultural spheres. Analysis. The article analyzes the dynamics of important state visits of Uzbekistan and Turkey by the heads of State, which serve the relations of cooperation in many spheres. The analysis on the topic was conducted in 1991-2018 with a thorough observation of the decline in some years, accompanied by a high level of dynamics of relations between the two countries. Results. The diplomatic relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Turkey are characterized by the following results: bilateral agreements concluded in all areas, signed agreements and agreements; joint ventures established over the past years, held exhibitions and business forums; Membership of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Council of Turkic-speaking states; The attitude of the Turkish government to the foreign policy of the head of Uzbekistan in the country; the fact that today after the Cold War in the relations of the two countries has risen to the level of a new strategic partnership will serve as another repetition of such cases in the future.

Constructing a New Image. Hallyu in Taiwan

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Yeon Sung
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Pop Music ◽  
South Korean Government ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The People ◽  
Historical Past

AbstractThis paper discusses how hallyu—the recent influx of Korean popular culture in Taiwan—has transformed the image of South Korea among the people of Taiwan. South Korea and Taiwan share a similar historical past. Nevertheless, the Taiwanese did not have a positive image of South Korea after 1992, when South Korea broke off diplomatic relations with Taiwan in order to establish diplomatic relations with mainland China. This work is based on ethnographic research done in Taiwan and South Korea from 2001–2003 and 2007–2009. It explores how hallyu has contributed to the rebuilding of the image of South Korea in Taiwan. It discusses Taiwanese perceptions of this image and the role of the South Korean government in improving it. It focuses on how a once-held negative image of South Korea has been transformed. The hallyu boom inspired many Taiwanese to remark on the influence of South Korean dramas and pop music in renewing their relationship with South Korea. It has provided an opportunity for Taiwan and South Korea to build positive relationships after the break-up of their diplomatic relations. Through hallyu, South Korea became a country that Taiwanese want to emulate, a model nation for Taiwan today.

scholarly journals The Deportation of 1944 in the Cultural Memory of Crimean Tatar People (the Case of Literary Works of Ervin Umerov and Shamil Aladin)

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Nadiia Honcharenko
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
World War ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
Crimean Tatar

The article deals with the coverage in works of literature of the forceful deportation of Crimean Tatar people in May, 1944. Here, literary works are seen as functioning elements of cultural memory of the people. The works in question are Ervin Umerov’s short stories Loneliness, The Black Trains, The Permit, and Shamil Aladin’s novels Invitation to Devil’s Banquet and I’m Your King and God, recently published in Ukrainian translations. The importance of Ukrainian publications of works of Crimean Tatar literature, telling i. a. about the deportation of 1944, is determined by the persistence of negative stereotypes and anti-Crimean Tatar bias cultivated for decades. In the XXI century, much has been accomplished by scholars and journalists in order to deconstruct historic myths, i. a. the Stalinist black legend about Crimean Tatars’ “treachery” during the 2nd World War. True facts about the deportation of 1944 were publicized as well. Back in Soviet times, when telling the truth about tragic past directly was impossible, Crimean Tatar writers saw their mission in preserving at least some of the people’s memories in their works of fiction. The emotional and aesthetic power of historic fiction is of key importance in bringing images of the past to contemporary readers. Memories of the deportation of May, 1944 were parts of their life experiences both for Umerov (1938–2007) and Aladin (1912–1996). In their works written mostly during Soviet period, they transformed into fictional accounts both their own experience and tragic memories of their compatriots, using multi-layered plots, subtext and Aesopian language so as to bypass Soviet censorship.

scholarly journals Comparing the Turkish and Iranian history textbooks in the sample of us and the otherBiz ve öteki örnekleminde Türk ve İran tarih ders kitaplarının karşılaştırılması

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1327
Author(s):  
Namık Çencen
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
World History ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Textbook ◽  
Text Book ◽  
9Th Grade ◽  
School History ◽  
Iranian History ◽  
Education In Turkey

The work of "us and the other" in the history textbook researches is one of the topics that attracted the attention of the researchers recently. In this research, “Us and the other” sample tried to determine how Iran and relations with Iran are explained in high school history textbooks taught in Turkey and how Turks and relations with Turks are explained in the high school history text book which was taught in Iran. The study was a qualitative research and document and record examination methods and techniques were used. The texts in Turkish history textbooks and Iranian history textbooks were examined using "Historical Abuse Methods". In the content of the texts in the history textbook titled "Iran and World History", which was taught in the 3rd grade class in General High School in Iran, the historical abuse methods with the Turks and relations with Turks was processed by using misleading, jumping and denying methods. Secondary education in Turkey "History 9th grade", "History 10th grade" “Contemporary Turkish and World History "textbooks on Iranian History and Iranian history textbooks were explored by using the jump method from historical abuse methods. ÖzetTarih ders kitapları araştırmalarında “biz ve öteki” çalışmaları son dönemlerde araştırmacıların ilgisini çeken konulardan biridir. Bu araştırmada biz ve öteki örnekleminde İran’da okutulan lise tarih ders kitabında Türkler ve Türklerle olan ilişkiler ile Türkiye’de okutulan lise tarih ders kitaplarında İran ve İranla olan ilişkilerin nasıl anlatıldığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma nitel bir araştırma olup doküman ve belge incelemesi yöntem ve teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Türk tarih ders kitapları ile İran tarih ders kitaplarında yer alan metinler “Tarihi Kötüye Kullanma Yöntemleri” kullanılarak incelenmiştir. İran’da Genel Lise III. sınıf Edebiyat bölümünde okutulan “İran ve Dünya Tarihi” adlı tarih ders kitabındaki metinlerin içeriklerinde Türkler ve Türklerle İlişkiler tarihi kötüye kullanma yöntemlerinden yanıltma, atlama ve yadsıma yöntemi kullanılarak işlenmiştir. Türkiye’de ortaöğretim “Tarih 9. Sınıf”, “Tarih 10. Sınıf” ve “12. Sınıf Çağdaş Türk ve Dünya Tarihi” ders kitaplarındaki metin içeriklerinde İran Tarihi ve İranla ilişkiler tarihi kötüye kullanma yöntemlerinden atlama yöntemi kullanılarak işlenmiştir.

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