scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH RASIO FINAL GEAR TERHADAP KECEPATAN DAN KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR MOBIL HYBRID URBAN KMHE 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Koerniawan Hastho Poetro
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Ring Gear ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Finish Line ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Pinion Gear ◽  
Travelling Time

In automotive world, differential ratio also known as final gear ratio. It consist of pinion gear and ring gear. Final gear ratio will be affecting car speed and fuel consumption that can be achieved. Research will be performed by experiment and data collection will be displayed through descriptive methode. Research began by selecting 2 kind of final gear ratio which are 1,27 and 2,53. Those ratios have been achieved by selecting pinion gear 15 and 30 teeth and ring gear 38 teeth, which are common and easy to find on the market. Testing performed by running the car on the tarmac testing track, 2800 meters (4 lap @700 meters), from stop until reached finish line with limited the speed test by 30 km/h and 40 km/h. Each test will be performed 5 times and the data collection will be displayed by tabulation and chart. The test results shown pinion gear with 30 teeth have less travelling time, less engine rotation and better fuel efficiency compare with pinion gear 15 teeth. Pinion gear 30 teeth have 8,9% better fuel consumption on 30 km/h speed and 4,7% better fuel consumption on 40 km/h.

Improved Energy Efficiency and Controllability of Mobile Work Machines by Reduced Engine Rotational Speed

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miika Ahopelto ◽  
Joni Backas ◽  
Reza Ghabcheloo ◽  
Kalevi Huhtala
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
High Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Mobile Work ◽  
And Control ◽  
Partial Loads

The usage and control of combustion engines has a significant effect in the fuel consumption and controllability of mobile work machines. In general, the best efficiency region of engine is at high partial loads. In this area, the challenge is the reduced reaction speed of engine. In this paper, we present an approach to gain high fuel efficiency and good drivability by reducing the rotational speed of the engine. This is possible due the fact that hydrostatic power transmission provides variable gear ratio between the engine and the actuators. At reduced rotational speed, engine operates with higher partial loads and improved fuel efficiency for a given required power. The experimental drive cycle tests are presented and show over 25% reduction in fuel consumption compared to conventional control where engine rotational speed is kept constant.

scholarly journals TO THE COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FUEL ECONOMY OF THE BTR-70 CAR WITH DIFFERENT TRANSMISSION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (50) ◽  
pp. 198-209
Author(s):  
Sakhno V ◽  
◽  
Dykich O ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Steady Motion ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Gasoline Engines

The article considers the issue of choosing a gearbox for the modernization of the BTR-70 by replacing two gasoline engines with two diesels. The object of research is the fuel economy of the BTR-70 car with different gearboxes when replacing two gasoline engines with two diesels. The purpose of the work – to determine the type and gear ratio of the transmission, which provides the best fuel efficiency of the car. Research method - mathematical modeling. When replacing a gasoline engine with a diesel of a different power and a different speed range, it is necessary to determine the gear ratio so as to provide the car with the required level of speed properties in the specified operating conditions with minimal fuel consumption. Due to the fact that the modernization of the BTR-70 involves the replacement of the engine and transmission, the further search for the gearbox was carried out on the basis of analysis of existing structures by the maximum torque of the engine. A five-speed and eight-speed MAZ gearbox and a six-speed Mercedes-Benz G 85-6 / 6.7 gearbox were used for analysis. Taking into account the fact that at a given coefficient of drag  = 0.03 the car can move only in direct gear, then for all gearboxes the fuel characteristics of steady motion will be the same as the control fuel consumption, which was 30 l / 100 km. In terms of fuel consumption during the acceleration of the car and the average kilometer fuel consumption when driving on paved roads, preference should be given to a car with a Mercedes-Benz G 85-6 / 6,7 transmission and only when driving in difficult road conditions, preference should be given to the car with 8-speed MAZ-5335 transmission. KEY WORDS: CAR, ENGINE, FUEL ECONOMY, TRANSMISSION, GEAR RATING, SPEED, COMPARATIVE EVALUATION

Transmission Gear Ratio vs Fuel Consumption: Retrospective Analysis for Future Terrain Vehicle Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Vantsevich ◽  
Bhargav H. Joshi ◽  
Gianantonio Bortolin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Gear Ratio ◽  
Manual Transmission ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Geometric Progression ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dump Trucks ◽  
Transmission Gear

For decades, the technical problem of selecting optimal transmission gear ratio has been researched for various ground vehicles based on different selection criteria depending on a particular vehicle application; criteria of terrain mobility, traction and acceleration performance, engine power utilization and fuel efficiency have been widely in use. Innumerable analytical and experimental research results and data were implemented in thousand different transmission designs. Today, this unique information about the number of gears in transmission, and value of gear ratios make a field for (i) a research analysis of engineering efficiency of different transmission designs, which were in operation for decades, and (ii) developing more efficient analytical methodologies to select the number of gears and transmission gear ratios and, furthermore, continuously, in-real time control power transfer from the vehicle energy source to the wheels. This paper considers the first, of the above-listed problems in detail with applications to various terrain vehicles and then specifically to off-road wheeled vehicles. The analysis presented in the paper, envelops simple random samples of up to 50 vehicles. It starts from WW2 military vehicles, goes to off-road trucks of 1980s and finally compares modern dump trucks and other terrain vehicles of several major world OEMs. The paper presents an analytical method, computational algorithm and results of a study in which, the efficiency of conventional analytical methodologies are evaluated using actual data on fuel consumption and characteristics of transmissions, vehicle engines, driveline and running gear systems and payloads. To serve this purpose, actual data of each vehicle is compared with analytical data of the vehicle, computed using the conventional methods, with focus on gear/velocity ratios and average fuel consumption at each transmission gear. The fuel consumption analysis was carried out by computing vehicle transport capacity as a function of the average velocity and mass of the payload for each vehicle. The result shows a distinct change of behavior in gear design methodology between post war and present day vehicles. It was a determined divergence from the initial trends, which were based on either the geometrical progression method or arithmetic method for selecting the number of transmission speeds and the values of gear ratios. This resulted in not only having a wide range of speed characteristics of automatic transmission over a few manual gears, but also, as discovered in this study, lead to increased fuel consumption of some vehicles in all range of speeds. The WW2 vehicles designed with manual transmission have gear ratios are closely aligned to analytically calculated geometric progression. Same behavior is observed in the off-road vehicles of 1980’s. Here, with a manual transmission, the trend is more towards less number of gears and with large interval between speed ratios. This of course gives a better fuel efficiency, but leads to trade off in lower average vehicle velocity. The transmission design for modern day dump trucks is also very close to the geometric progression approach. The other modern off-road trucks, as discovered in the analysis, follow an arithmetic progression. Although this results in smooth transmission, but fuel efficiency is compromised significantly, compared to dump trucks. It is important to note that a design based on geometric progression, would result in same speed distribution with less number of gears and better fuel efficiency. For a modern day terrain trucks, to have an optimum combination of both characteristics, it is important to consider all the parameters affecting velocity ratios and fuel consumption and incorporate an efficient analytical methodology to stay competitive, in the rapidly evolving market of all terrain vehicles.

Impacts of Continuously Regenerating Trap Technology on the Regulated Gas Emissions for a China-V Diesel Engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 1031-1038
Author(s):  
Di Ming Lou ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Jian Guang Cui
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Engine Emission

In this paper, the effects of continuously regenerating trap (CRT) after-treatment system on performance, fuel efficiency and regulated gas emissions from a turbocharged electronically controlled high pressure common rail diesel engine that meets China-V regulation have been investigated. The test results revealed that: the power and torque of diesel engine after the installation of CRT after-treatment system declines slightly, which is limited to 2%, and the rise in brake specific fuel consumption is around 2%. At the same time, the emission of CO decreased significantly by 86% to 94%, NOx also reduced slightly by 8% to 12%. However, the emission of HC dropped at part loads and rose at full load modes since the original engine emission is already quite low.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN PENGGUNAAN KOIL STANDAR DAN KOIL RACING KTC TERHADAP DAYA MESIN DAN KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR PADA SEPEDA MOTOR YAMAHA MIO TAHUN 2006

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pande P. Suarnata ◽  
Kadek Rihendra Dantes ◽  
Nyoman Arya Wigraha
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Minimum Power ◽  
Power Testing ◽  
Engine Power

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbandingan dari penggunaan koil standar dan koil racing ktc terhadap daya mesin dan konsumsi bahan bakar yang diterapkan  pada motor Yamaha Mio dengan variasi rpm yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMK N 3 Singaraja. Dalam pengujian ini alat ukur yang digunakan adalah dynotest untuk memperoleh data daya dan konsumsi bahan bakar yang dihasilkan pengujian dari penggunaan koil standar dan koil racing ktc. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan menggunakan tabel, grafik serta aplikasi SPSS 16.0 untuk mengolah data tersebut. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu teknik observasi dan dokumentasi. Hasil pengujian daya dan konsumsi bahan bakar dengan menggunakan koil standar mendapatkan daya maksimal sebesar 8.87 PS pada 8000 Rpm sedangkan daya minimum sebesar 1.18 PS pada 3000 Rpm. Pengujian dengan daya dan konsumsi bahan bakar menggunakan koil standar mendapatkan SFC maksimal sebesar 18.84 kg/j pada 8000 Rpm, sedangkan SFC minimum 0.08 kg/j pada 3000 Rpm. Hasil pengujian daya dan konsumsi motor yang menggunakan koil racing ktc didapatkan daya maksimal sebesar 9.10 PS pada 8000 rpm, dan daya minimal sebesar 1.45 PS pada 3000 rpm. Sedangkan konsumsi bahan bakar maksimal sebesar 19.25 kg/j pada 8000 rpm dan konsumsi bahan bakar minimal 0.17 kg/j pada 3000 rpm. Kata Kunci: Koil Standar, Koil Racing Ktc, Daya, Konsumsi Bahan Bakar AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the comparison of the use of standard coils and ktc racing coils on engine power and fuel consumption applied to Yamaha Mio motors with different variations of rpm. This research was conducted at SMK N 3 Singaraja. In this test the measuring instrument used is the dynotest to obtain power data and fuel consumption resulting from testing of the use of standard coils and ktc racing coils. This study is an experimental research using tables, graphs and applications SPSS 16.0 to process the data. Data collection techniques used in this research is the technique of observation and documentation. The results of power testing and fuel consumption by using a standard coil to get a maximum power of 8.87 PS at 8000 Rpm while the minimum power of 1.18 PS at 3000 Rpm. Testing with power and fuel consumption using standard coils get a maximum SFC of 18.84 kg / j at 8000 Rpm, while minimum SFC is 0.08 kg / j at 3000 Rpm. Test results of power and motor consumption using ktc racing coil obtained maximum power of 9.10 PS at 8000 rpm, and minimum power of 1.45 PS at 3000 rpm. While the maximum fuel consumption of 19.25 kg / j at 8000 rpm and fuel consumption of at least 0.17 kg / j at 3000 rpm. Keywords:Standard Coil, Ktc Racing Coil, Power, Fuel Consumption.

Application of Box-Behnken Analysis on the Optimisation of Air Intake System for a Naturally Aspirated Engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 8029-8042
Author(s):  
N.S. Mustafa ◽  
N.H.A. Ngadiman ◽  
M.A. Abas ◽  
M.Y. Noordin
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Intake System ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
System Components ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
High Influence

Fuel price crisis has caused people to demand a car that is having a low fuel consumption without compromising the engine performance. Designing a naturally aspirated engine which can enhance engine performance and fuel efficiency requires optimisation processes on air intake system components. Hence, this study intends to carry out the optimisation process on the air intake system and airbox geometry. The parameters that have high influence on the design of an airbox geometry was determined by using AVL Boost software which simulated the automobile engine. The optimisation of the parameters was done by using Design Expert which adopted the Box-Behnken analysis technique. The result that was obtained from the study are optimised diameter of inlet/snorkel, volume of airbox, diameter of throttle body and length of intake runner are 81.07 mm, 1.04 L, 44.63 mm and 425 mm, respectively. By using these parameters values, the maximum engine performance and minimum fuel consumption are 93.3732 Nm and 21.3695×10-4 kg/s, respectively. This study has fully accomplished its aim to determine the significant parameters that influenced the performance of airbox and optimised the parameters so that a high engine performance and fuel efficiency can be produced. The success of this study can contribute to a better design of an airbox.

scholarly journals Effect of Methanol/Water Mixed Fuel Compound Injection on Engine Combustion and Emissions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4491
Author(s):  
Changchun Xu ◽  
Haengmuk Cho
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Ignition Delay ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Combustion Mechanism ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Concentration Ratios

Due to the recent global increase in fuel prices, to reduce emissions from ground transportation and improve urban air quality, it is necessary to improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions. Water, methanol, and a mixture of the two were added at the pre-intercooler position to keep the same charge and cooling of the original rich mixture, reduce BSFC and increase ITE, and promote combustion. The methanol/water mixing volume ratios of different fuel injection strategies were compared to find the best balance between fuel consumption, performance, and emission trends. By simulating the combustion mechanism of methanol, water, and diesel mixed through the Chemkin system, the ignition delay, temperature change, and the generation rate of the hydroxyl group (−OH) in the reaction process were analyzed. Furthermore, the performance and emission of the engine were analyzed in combination with the actual experiment process. This paper studied the application of different concentration ratios of the water–methanol–diesel mixture in engines. Five concentration ratios of water–methanol blending were injected into the engine at different injection ratios at the pre-intercooler position, such as 100% methanol, 90% methanol/10% water, 60% methanol/40% water, 30% methanol/70% water, 100% water was used. With different volume ratios of premixes, the combustion rate and combustion efficiency were affected by droplet extinguishment, flashing, or explosion, resulting in changes in combustion temperature and affecting engine performance and emissions. In this article, the injection carryout at the pre-intercooler position of the intake port indicated thermal efficiency increase and a brake specific fuel consumption rate decrease with the increase of water–methanol concentration, and reduce CO, UHC, and nitrogen oxide emissions. In particular, when 60% methanol and 40% water were added, it was found that the ignition delay was the shortest and the cylinder pressure was the largest, but the heat release rate was indeed the lowest.

MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS PUISI MELALUI MEDIA TULISAN BERGAMBAR (MEME) DI INSTAGRAM PADA PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VIII G SMPN 24 SURABAYA

Buana Bastra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Prily Yulia Utomo Putri ◽  
Tri Indrayanti
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Data Analysis Technique ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Class Viii

This research is a research follow class by using the secound cycle that there is the first cycle and cycle II. On the cycle I and cycle II each cycle there four stage of the (1) planning, (2) implementation of action, (3) observations, and (4) reflection. Each cycle has two meetings in one week, namely the first meeting and the second meeting with the allocation 2 x 40 minutes of each meeting. Subject in research is learners class VIII G SMPN 24 Surabaya totaling 37 learners contained 16 learners men and 21 learners woman. This school is located in Jl. Kebraon Indah Permai Blok K/23 A Surabaya. Data collection techniques to use the observation and test, data analysis technique using the percentage of. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that using pictorial writing media on the meme on Instagram can improve the writing skills of class students VIII G SMPN 24 Surabaya. This can be seen from (1) population activity in the cycle I 84,61% on the cycle II 100%, (2) activity learners in cycle I 83,44% on the cycle II 90,20%, (3) the test results writing skills poerty in cycle I 56,73% one the cycle of II increased 83,70%.

Rolls Royce/Allison 501-K Gas Turbine Anti-Fouling Compressor Coatings Evaluation

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Caguiat
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Compressor Performance ◽  
Compressor Efficiency

The Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) Gas Turbine Emerging Technologies Code 9334 was tasked by NSWCCD Shipboard Energy Office Code 859 to research and evaluate fouling resistant compressor coatings for Rolls Royce Allison 501-K Series gas turbines. The objective of these tests was to investigate the feasibility of reducing the rate of compressor fouling degradation and associated rate of specific fuel consumption (SFC) increase through the application of anti-fouling coatings. Code 9334 conducted a market investigation and selected coatings that best fit the test objective. The coatings selected were Sermalon for compressor stages 1 and 2 and Sermaflow S4000 for the remaining 12 compressor stages. Both coatings are manufactured by Sermatech International, are intended to substantially decrease blade surface roughness, have inert top layers, and contain an anti-corrosive aluminum-ceramic base coat. Sermalon contains a Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) topcoat, a substance similar to Teflon, for added fouling resistance. Tests were conducted at the Philadelphia Land Based Engineering Site (LBES). Testing was first performed on the existing LBES 501-K17 gas turbine, which had a non-coated compressor. The compressor was then replaced by a coated compressor and the test was repeated. The test plan consisted of injecting a known amount of salt solution into the gas turbine inlet while gathering compressor performance degradation and fuel economy data for 0, 500, 1000, and 1250 KW generator load levels. This method facilitated a direct comparison of compressor degradation trends for the coated and non-coated compressors operating with the same turbine section, thereby reducing the number of variables involved. The collected data for turbine inlet, temperature, compressor efficiency, and fuel consumption were plotted as a percentage of the baseline conditions for each compressor. The results of each plot show a decrease in the rates of compressor degradation and SFC increase for the coated compressor compared to the non-coated compressor. Overall test results show that it is feasible to utilize anti-fouling compressor coatings to reduce the rate of specific fuel consumption increase associated with compressor performance degradation.

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