Prevalence dynamics of uropatogens and antimicrobial resistance determinants in children's significant bacteriuria in 2017 and 2019: a monocenter study

Urinary tract infections are the second most common infections in children with spreading of antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens currently poses a high epidemiological threat.Purpose. Analysis of species prevalence and the presence of genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance.Materials and methods. In the study 215 midstream urine samples were retrospectively analyzed. Samples were obtained during 2017 and 2019 from patients aged 4 weeks to 17 years at the National Medical Research Center for Children's Health Federal State Autonomous Institution of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.Results. Species of pathogen were identified in 93 samples, while the bacterial composition of other samples was classified as «intestinal flora» (n = 17), «coccus flora» (n = 16) or «mixed flora» (n = 89). The most common types of uropathogens in monopathogenic infections in 2017 and 2019 were Escherichia coli (37.5% and 29.2%, respectively). Among infections caused by multiple pathogens, the most common etiological agents were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp. Among all studied samples, 31.9% contained CTX-M-like genes, 5% VIM genes, 1.8% NDM genes, and 3.0% — OXA-48-like genes, and 5.6% of samples contained two and more genetic determinants associated with resistance, with the most prevalent gene combination being the combination of CTX-M- and OXA-48-like genes. In 69 samples with identified species of uropathogens, resistance profile to antimicrobial, determined by microbiological methods, correlated with detected resistance genetic determinants.Conclusion. Authors suggest that introduction of testing for the presence of genes associated with antibacterial resistance to general clinical practice would not only provide an opportunity to conduct epidemiological monitoring of the genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance, but also provide an opportunity to select the correct timely treatment of childhood bacteriuria caused by antibiotic-resistant infectious agents.

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ANTIBACTERIAL SURVEILLANCE: AN APPROACH TO MITIGATING MULTI-DRUG RESISTANCE MENACE AMONG CLINICAL UROPATHOGENS IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA

Bacterial Empire ◽

10.36547/be.2020.3.2.10-13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Seye Julius Oladeji ◽

Gbenga Victor Kayejo

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Microbiological Methods ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Etiological Agents ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Urine Specimens

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common human infections with the distribution of etiological agents and antibiotic resistance patterns varying from region to region and from time to time. The aims of this study were to ascertain the prevalence and antibiotic resistance profiles of common Gram-negative uropathogens among patients attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Ekiti State, Nigeria. One hundred and fifty clean-catch midstream urine specimens were obtained and cultured within 2 hours of collection for the detection of Gram-negative uropathogens. The isolated organisms were identified by standard microbiological methods. Of the total 150 urine specimens analyzed, 82 (54.67%) specimens were positive for Gram-negative uropathogen with significant bacteriuria of which 34 (41.46%) were males and 48 (58.54%) were females. Klebsiella spp. 38 (46.34%) and Escherichia coli 32 (39.02%) were the most frequently isolated Gram-negative uropathogens, followed by Proteus mirabilis 10 (12.20%) while the least occurring uropathogen was observed to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 (2.44%). All the isolated uropathogens were observed to be highly resistant to the commonly prescribed antibiotics. Emerging resistance to carbapenems was also observed. Nevertheless, carbapenems showed highest susceptibility compared to other tested antibiotics. Conclusively, high levels of resistance of uropathogens to antibiotics exist in our setting. This therefore calls for continuous antibiotic surveillance and improved antibiotic stewardship.

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Antimicrobial resistance patterns of the Enterobacteriaceae family isolated from urinary tract infections from a Peruvian high-Andean region

Revista del Cuerpo Médico del HNAAA ◽

10.35434/rcmhnaaa.2021.143.1255 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 337-343

Author(s):

Xossé Carreras ◽

Andrea S. Salcedo ◽

Bruno Millones ◽

Valeria S. Paredes ◽

Pamela Carpio-Vargas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Elderly ◽

Andean Region ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Tract Infections

Background: Antibiotic resistance is considered to be the next worldwide epidemic. Urinary tract infections (UTI) are the second most common cause of infection, which also has the highest resistance frequency. Nevertheless, in high Andean regions, little is known about the antibiotic resistance. Objectives : Determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the enterobacteriaceae family isolated from urinary tract infections of a Peruvian Andean region. Material and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional review of 1717 records from the microbiology service of a private health institution from Puno - Peru, was done between the years 2014 and 2017. Antibiotic resistance by uropathogens was studied among different age groups. Statistical analysis included Chi2 test with a p<0.05. Poisson regression was used to calculate the prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval. Findings: There was a wide distribution of antibiotic resistance among all the antibiotics, mainly in Escherichia coli and Proteus spp. The elderly had the highest prevalence of antibiotic resistance. As age increased, resistance to all drugs also increased (p<0.01). Furthermore, the elderly had a risk probability of resistance of 1.22, 1.42, 1.20 and 1.32 to penicillins, cephalosporins, quinolones and other antibiotics respectively. Conclusion: The antimicrobial resistance patterns of the Peruvian Andean region were lower than national and international patterns.

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Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in the Urine Samples of Iranian Dogs: Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern and Distribution of Antibiotic Resistance Genes

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/4180490 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amirhossein Yousefi ◽

Saam Torkan

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

E Coli ◽

Tract Infections

Resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections in dogs. The present research was done to study the prevalence rate and antimicrobial resistance properties of UPEC strains isolated from healthy dogs and those which suffered from UTIs. Four-hundred and fifty urine samples were collected and cultured. E. coli-positive strains were subjected to disk diffusion and PCR methods. Two-hundred out of 450 urine samples (44.4%) were positive for E. coli. Prevalence of E. coli in healthy and infected dogs was 28% and 65%, respectively. Female had the higher prevalence of E. coli (P=0.039). Marked seasonality was also observed (P=0.024). UPEC strains had the highest levels of resistance against gentamicin (95%), ampicillin (85%), amikacin (70%), amoxicillin (65%), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (65%). We found that 21.50% of UPEC strains had simultaneously resistance against more than 10 antibiotics. Aac(3)-IV (77%), CITM (52.5%), tetA (46.5%), and sul1 (40%) were the most commonly detected antibiotic resistance genes. Findings showed considerable levels of antimicrobial resistance among UPEC strains of Iranian dogs. Rapid identification of infected dogs and their treatment based on the results of disk diffusion can control the risk of UPEC strains.

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Recent advances in managing lower urinary tract infections

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.16245.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1964 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Seung-Ju Lee

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Lower Urinary

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections. Traditionally, all symptomatic UTIs are tested and treated. The use of antibiotics has resulted in an antibiotic resistance crisis, and we have limited options for managing UTIs. Currently, we live in the era of antimicrobial resistance and may live in other eras like the era of the microbiome. New insights might provide an opportunity to prevent the overuse and misuse of antibiotics and could enable the development of innovate managing strategies.

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Characterization of Genetic Determinants Involved in Antimicrobial Resistance in Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Different Aquatic Environments

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/proceedings2020045015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Iroha I. Romanus ◽

Ude Ibiam ◽

Ejikeugwu C. Peter ◽

Onochie C. Chike

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

16S Rrna ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Specific Primers

Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae are among a myriad of bacteria pathogen commonly found in natural water bodies that cause serious waterborne infection while antibiotic resistance genes are emerging contaminants posing potential worldwide human health risk. This study was designed to determined genetic determinants involved in antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolates from aquatic environments. A total of 372 water samples, comprising of 111, 144 and 117 ponds, rivers and streams were collected from three local governments areas (Abakaliki, Ebonyi and Ikwo) of Ebonyi State Nigeria over a period of twelve (12) months. Bacteria Isolates obtained from water bodies were identified and characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis using 16S rRNA specific primers. The susceptibility of the isolates to different antibiotics was determined using disc diffusion technique. Total DNA was extracted and sequenced on Genetic Analyzer 3130 xl sequencer and the amplified 16S rRNA gene sequence. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes was determined by PCR using specific primers. Bacteria isolated were Aeromonas hydrophila (103), Escherichia coli (118) and Vibrio cholera (87). The isolates were susceptibility to gentamicin (96.12%), meropenem (94.17%), ciprofloxacin (89.32%) imipenem (85.44%) and chloramphenicol (84.47%) while they showed 94.17%, 93.20%, 90.29%, 89.32%, 88.35%, 86.41% and 83.5% resistance to penicillin, sulphamethoxazole, kanamycin, azithromycin, streptomycin cephalothin and cefuroxime respectively. The isolates were found to harbor the following antibiotic resistance genes, blaCTXM, blaSHV, class 1 Integron Ac, Intl1, blaTEM and TetB. These findings deserve serious attention, as the presence of bacteria coliforms in water harbouring antibiotic resistance genes are potential risk to the health of people. Keywords: aquatic environment resistant genes characterization.

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Genetic Determinants for Metal Tolerance and Antimicrobial Resistance Detected in Bacteria Isolated from Soils of Olive Tree Farms

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9080476 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 476

Author(s):

Nicolás Glibota ◽

Mª José Grande ◽

Antonio Galvez ◽

Elena Ortega

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Metal Tolerance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Olive Tree ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Genetic Traits ◽

Tree Farms

Copper-derived compounds are often used in olive tree farms. In a previous study, a collection of bacterial strains isolated from olive tree farms were identified and tested for phenotypic antimicrobial resistance and heavy metal tolerance. The aim of this work was to study the genetic determinants of resistance and to evaluate the co-occurrence of metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance genes. Both metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance genes (including beta-lactamase genes) were detected in the bacterial strains from Cu-treated soils. A high percentage of the strains positive for metal tolerance genes also carried antibiotic resistance genes, especially for genes involved in resistances to beta-lactams and tetracycline. Significant associations were detected between genes involved in copper tolerance and genes coding for beta-lactamases or tetracycline resistance mechanisms. A significant association was also detected between zntA (coding for a Zn(II)-translocating P-type ATPase) and tetC genes. In conclusion, bacteria from soils of Cu-treated olive farms may carry both metal tolerance and antibiotic resistance genes. The positive associations detected between metal tolerance genes and antibiotic resistance genes suggests co-selection of such genetic traits by exposure to metals.

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Antibiotic resistance of bacteria responsible of acute respiratory tract infections in children

Microbiologia Medica ◽

10.4081/mm.2017.6489 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Makhtar Camara ◽

Assane Dieng ◽

Abdoulaye Diop ◽

Amadou Diop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Resistance Rates

Background and aims. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis are the most common causative agents of acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs). The objective of this study was to assess their susceptibility to several antibiotics. Materials and methods. A total of 58 strains (16 S. pneumoniae, 19 H. influenzae and 23 M. catarrhalis) were isolated from samples collected in two paediatric centres, and their susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics tested by E-test. Results. Among H. influenzae isolates, 10.5% were resistant to ampicillin (all β-lactamase-positive), and 88.9% were susceptible to cefaclor. High β-lactam resistance rates (penicillin: 31.3% and cephalosporins: 18.7 to 31.3%) had been observed among S. pneumonia strains. Only 50% of isolates were susceptible to azithromycine. 91.3% of M. catarrhalis isolates β-lactamases producers were resistant to ampicillin while susceptible to the most tested antibiotics. Conclusions. Except M. catarrhalis β-lactamases producing strains, frequency of antibiotic resistance was mainly observed among S. pneumoniae, and to a lesser extent among H. influenzae clinical isolates, suggesting the need for continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns in the management of RTIs.

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Distribution of phylogenetic groups, adhesin genes, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized patients in Thailand

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10453 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e10453

Author(s):

Nipaporn Tewawong ◽

Siriporn Kowaboot ◽

Yaowaluk Pimainog ◽

Naiyana Watanagul ◽

Thanunrat Thongmee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

The Other ◽

Phylogenetic Groups ◽

Tract Infections

Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections and are often caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). We investigated the distribution of phylogenetic groups, adhesin genes, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation in E. coli isolated from patients with UTIs. Methods In the present study, 208 UPEC isolated from Thai patients were classified into phylogenetic groups and adhesin genes were detected using multiplex PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using agar disk diffusion. The Congo red agar method was used to determine the ability of the UPEC to form biofilm. Results The most prevalent UPEC strains in this study belonged to phylogenetic group B2 (58.7%), followed by group C (12.5%), group E (12.0%), and the other groups (16.8%). Among adhesin genes, the prevalence of fimH (91.8%) was highest, followed by pap (79.3%), sfa (12.0%), and afa (7.7%). The rates of resistance to fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and amoxicillin-clavulanate were 65%, 54.3%, and 36.5%, respectively. The presence of adhesin genes and antibiotic resistance were more frequent in groups B2 and C compared to the other groups. Of the 129 multidrug-resistant UPEC strains, 54% were biofilm producers. Our findings further indicated that biofilm production was significantly correlated with the pap adhesin gene (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion These findings provide molecular epidemiologic data, antibiotic resistance profiles, and the potential for biofilm formation among UPEC strains that can inform further development of the appropriate prevention and control strategies for UTIs in this region.

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Endoscopic technologies in treatment 7-month-old child with multiple laryngeal cysts

Russian Journal of Pediatric Surgery, Anesthesia and Intensive Care ◽

10.17816/psaic638 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 193-198

Author(s):

Abdumanap B. Alkhasov ◽

Elena Yu. Dyakonova ◽

Maxim M. Lokhmatov ◽

Yuri Yu. Rusetsky ◽

Sergey P. Yatsyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Surgical Techniques ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Uneventful Recovery ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽

Federal State ◽

National Medical ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Autonomous Institution ◽

Invasive Techniques

Introduction. Subglottic cysts are a rare clinical entity among infants and children. The annual incidence of congenital laryngeal cysts is quoted as 1,82 per 100,000 live births. The majority of cases present in neonates born at the extremes of prematurity and invariably have been intubated and managed in neonatal intensive care units. Clinically, the pathology manifested as upper airway obstruction, stridor, and dysphonia. Various surgical techniques have been proposed for the treatment of patients with laryngeal cysts. In a large percentage of cases, tracheostomy is required, especially in patients with large cysts due to the development of symptoms of respiratory failure. Purpose. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that endoscopic technologies in the treatment of laryngeal cysts in children can be useful to avoid tracheostomy and lead to an uneventful recovery. Materials and methods. We present a clinical case of managing a 7-month-old child with multiple laryngeal cysts from the Department of Thoracic Surgery in the National Medical Research Center for Childrens Health Federal state autonomous institution of the Russian Federation Ministry of Health. Conclusion. In the presented case, we demonstrate that modern minimally invasive techniques to treat laryngeal cysts restore the lumen of the respiratory tract. facilitate the course of the postoperative period, achieve complete patient recovery, and avoid tracheostomy.

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Profiles and genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens causing community-acquired urinary tract infections in reproductive-age women

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2021-18-12-15 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

T. A. Khusnutdinova ◽

E. V. Shipitsyna ◽

A. A. Krysanova ◽

A. M. Savicheva

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Beta Lactamases ◽

Tract Infections

Objective. To characterize the profiles and genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance in pathogens of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTI) in women of reproductive age in St. Petersburg (Russia).Materials and methods. The study included strains of microorganisms obtained from 145 women of reproductive age with diagnosed with a UTI. Antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated by disk diffusion method; the interpretation of the results was carried out in accordance with the EUCAST criteria. Strains of uropathogenic enterobacteria were tested by PCR for the presence of beta-lactamase genes: beta-lactamase genes encoding enzymes of the AmpC group (MOX, CMY, LAT, BIL, DHA, ACC, MIR, ACT, FOX), TEM, SHV, OXA‑1, ESBL genes of the CTX–M group, genes of carbapenemases (KPC, OXA‑48) and metal-beta-lactamases (VIM, IMP, NDM).Results. Most cases (81 %) of UTIs in women in St. Petersburg were due to enterobacteria, with Escherichia coli highly prevailing (66 %). Fosfomycin, meropenem and nitrofurantoin had the highest in vitro activity against uropathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. High rates of resistance to betalactam antibiotics were found (from 16 % to cefotaxime to 28 % to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid). The genes of TEM-beta-lactamases were found in 31 isolates (26.7 %), SHV – in 17 (14.6 %), CTX–M type – in 15 (12.9 %), DHA – in 2 (1.7 %). The other beta-lactam resistance genes (MOX, CMY, LAT, BIL, ACC, MIR, ACT, FOX, KPC group, OXA-like group, VIM, IMP, NDM) were not detected.Conclusion. Microbiological and molecular analysis of the structure of beta-lactam resistance is important for the effective of epidemiological control of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens causing urinary tract infections.

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