scholarly journals ANALIZA PORÓWNAWCZA STANU SŁUŻBY ZDROWIA W WOJEWÓDZTWACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Marta Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
The State ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The article compares the state of health care in selected thematic areas in voivodeships. It focuses on 2 main aspects, such as: health care expenses and the number of specialists. The analysis was carried out on data from 2018-2019. Its aim was to group voivodships according to selected variables regarding the state of health care. Their geographical location and demography were analyzed. The difference between the state of health care in urban and rural areas was featured.

A Program to Increase Health Care for Children: The Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Program, by Henry K. Silver, MD, Loretta C. Ford, EdD, and Susan G. Stearly, MS, Pediatrics, 1967;39:756–760

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 102 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 245-247
Author(s):  
Robert A. Hoekelman
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Nurse Practitioner ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Pediatric Nurse ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Pediatric Nurse Practitioner

The increase in population of the United States is occurring at a much more rapid rate than the increase in medical and nursing personnel available to maintain health services at an optimum level. Unless the pattern of furnishing health care, particularly to lower socioeconomic groups in both urban and rural areas, is drastically improved, these groups will suffer from increasingly inadequate health supervision. This paper describes an educational and training program in pediatrics for professional nurses (the “pediatric nurse practitioner” program), which prepares them to assume an expanded role in providing increased health care for children in areas where there are limited facilities for such care.

scholarly journals Decomposing Urban-rural Differences in Multimorbidity Among Older Adults in India: A Study Based on Lasi Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shekhar Chauhan ◽  
Shobhit Srivast ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Ratna Patel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Ageing Study ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Background: Multimorbidity is defined as the co-occurrence of two or more than two diseases in the same person. With rising longevity, multimorbidity has become a prominent concern among the older population. Evidence from both developed and developing countries shows that older people are at much higher risk of multimorbidity, however, urban-rural differential remained scarce. Therefore, this study examines urban-rural differential in multimorbidity among older adults by decomposing the risk factors of multimorbidity and identifying the covariates that contributed to the change in multimorbidity.Methods: The study utilized information from 31,464 older adults (rural-20,725 and urban-10,739) aged 60 years and above from the recent release of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) wave 1 data. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate decomposition analysis techniques were used.Results: Overall, significant urban-rural differences were found in the prevalence of multimorbidity among older adults (difference: 16.3; p<0.001). Moreover, obese/overweight and high-risk waist circumference were found to narrow the difference in the prevalence of multimorbidity among older adults between urban and rural areas by 8% and 9.1%, respectively.Conclusion: There is a need to substantially increase the public sector investment in healthcare to address the multimorbidity among older adults, more so in urban areas, without compromising the needs of older adults in rural areas.

scholarly journals Youth Development in Albania

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Armanda Keqi ◽  
Bora Kokalari ◽  
Sabina Beqiri
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
The State ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Legal Immigration

Young generations are those who make lives livelier and happier, who design the future and make the change, the ones with full hope and enthusiasm to go further and make the impossible possible. As every country of Europe, Asia or America, Albania as well is surrounded by a very fruitful young ladies and gentlemen's. This paper aims to analyse the changes of the youth development in Albania during the transition period. The young development in Albania has faced many problems, such as the difference between the levels of development of the youths that live in the other cities of Albania with the ones of the capital. Rural areas and small towns are closed where a portion of youth in minor are totally dependent from family, and they are exactly that with their weak hands are inclined to do the heavy work to keep their family one more day alive. Youth at the opening of the borders, generally tended to leave towards legal immigration either as tourist or in illegal opportunities addressing major countries like Britain, Greece, Italy, Belgium etc. Albania needs to make arrangements which will be financed by businessmen, private universities in cooperation with the state to offer young people opportunities to work together and to be closer to each other and to show their skills in conversation competitions. At the same time the state has other open universities in backward areas which will provide young entrepreneurs' with more opportunities for young people to graduate and to serve different areas. Meanwhile, there is needed a strategy to separate the fields in which there is a need to have more expert in the field which is required to work also which would come more to help the country's economy with the addition of experts. Albania is a country blessed where high mountains finish in seas, where groundwater resources are numerous, and with a conductive climate to produce almost all kinds of fruits and where vegetation is very diverse. If the youth will be directed towards learning of foreign languages and in recognition of their territories, traditions and customs, thus, we would make a big step because tourism market is precisely the kind of market where young people will find themselves more comfortable than ever, where the labour force will be insufficient paid and where the demand for products would be required as the number of tourists would be great and just the requirements would change in terms of application areas during the summer as it would be for beaches and seasonal fruits, while during the winter for skiing and mountain tourism.

scholarly journals Modern state of the health of the popuation in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
I.P. Kryvych ◽  
◽  
Yu.Yu. Chumak ◽  
H.M. Gusieva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
The State ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Health State ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Mental And Behavioral Disorders

A retrospective and prospective analyses of the rate of incidence and prevalence of diseases of the population of Ukraine over 1990-2017 were carried out on the basis of sectoral statistical reports and professional editions, which made it possible to characterize the current state of health and identify the tendencies in the incidence and disease prevalence in the country. Objective: We studied and analyzed the tendencies of the health state of the population in Ukraine. Materials and methods: We used the data of the sectoral statistical reports and professional editions over 1990-2017, as well as the annual report “On the State of Health of the Population, Sanitary-and-Epidemiological Situation, and Results of the Activity of Health Care System” by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, State Institution «Ukrainian Institute for Strategic Studies, Ministry of Health of Ukraine». The method of the statistical analysis of the factual and analytical material was used as a main one, it forms a holistic view of health and medico-demographic situation in the country. Results: During the years of Ukraine's independence, insufficient attention has been paid to the problems of health improvement. The population numbers is falling sharply. In Ukraine, health care costs are low in comparison with the European countries. The structure of morbidity has changed over the last 10-15 years. The most vulnerable groups: children and adolescents, the elderly are of particular concern. An important role in the formation of morbidity rates is played by chronic non-communicable diseases, their level increased significantly in 2005-2010. The general pathological incidence of school-age children in those years also increased and had a significantly higher level among girls than boys. The incidence rate of mental and behavioral disorders in Ukraine has increased. The prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders had its own features in different regions. The rates of incidence and prevalence of diseases in the children of 0-17 years old of age were quite high and had a wavy nature. Conclusions: The implementation of the state and sectoral measures for the improvement of the health of the population of Ukraine, a cardinal reconstruction of the public view regarding the causes and consequences of a significant deterioration in the health of the population can be solved by a radical way of the preservation and strengthening of both personal and public health.

subsistence production (where in the colonial period mainly extra-economic factors such as forced cultivation or forced labour caused the integration of the peasantry in the market exchange). Socialist development was there-fore strongly identified with modernising through the rapid expansion of the state sector, that is, nationalisation and mechanisation on an ever-increasing scale. The peasantry would be gradually absorbed within this expanding sector, and hence, at first, the role of the peasantry was seen as essentially passive with its transformation mainly centring on social aspects. As such, the policy of communal villages became virtually a habitational concept (and was in actual fact the responsibility of the national directorate of housing): a question of social infrastructures (water supplies, schools, etc.) within a concept of communal life without concerning production and its transformation. This view conflicted heavily with the objective conditions in the rural areas characterised by a deep involvement of the peasantry in market relationships and their dependence on it either as suppliers of labour power or as cash crop producers. This contradiction became more obvious, when the balance of payments became a real constraint (in 1979) and, hence, the question of financing accumulation cropped up more strongly in practice. The peasantry as suppliers of cash crops, of food and of labour power to the state sectors occupied a crucial position in production and accumulation. However, the crucial question then becomes whether the peasantry only performs the role of supplying part of the accumulation fund or whether the peasantry itself is part and parcel of the process of transformation and hence that accumulation embraces as an integral part the transformation of peasant agriculture into more socialised forms of production. In other words, it poses the question whether the strategy is based on a primitive socialist accumulation on the basis of the peasantry (transferring the agrarian surplus to the develop-ment of the state sector), or whether accumulation includes the transformation of peasant agriculture. Clearly, the way this question is posed in practice will influence heavily the nature of the organisation of the exchange between the state sector and the peasantry. The proposition that the state sector can develop under its own steam (with or without the aid of external borrowing) cannot bypass this crucial question since, on the one hand, a considerable part of foreign exchange earnings and of the food supply to the towns depended on peasant production and, on the other, the very conditions of productivity and profitability in the agrarian state sector depended heavily on the organic link that existed.between labour supply and family agriculture. The monetary disequilibrium originating from the state sector has a severe impact on the organisation of the exchange between the state sector and the peasantry. First, the imbalance between the demand for and the supply of consumer commodities affected rural areas differently from urban areas. The reason was that in urban areas the rationing system guaranteed to each family a minimum quantity of basic consumer necessities at official prices. In the rural areas the principal form of rationing remained the queue! Hence, forced savings were distributed differently over urban and rural areas. Furthermore, the concentration of resources on the state sector also implied that the peasants'

2013 ◽  
pp. 205-205
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The State ◽  
State Sector ◽  
Crucial Question ◽  
Peasant Agriculture ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Labour Power

scholarly journals Urban heat island: Aerodynamics or imperviousness?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. eaau4299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Li ◽  
Weilin Liao ◽  
Angela J. Rigden ◽  
Xiaoping Liu ◽  
Dagang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

More than half of the world’s population now live in cities, which are known to be heat islands. While daytime urban heat islands (UHIs) are traditionally thought to be the consequence of less evaporative cooling in cities, recent work sparks new debate, showing that geographic variations of daytime UHI intensity were largely explained by variations in the efficiency with which urban and rural areas convect heat from the land surface to the lower atmosphere. Here, we reconcile this debate by demonstrating that the difference between the recent finding and the traditional paradigm can be explained by the difference in the attribution methods. Using a new attribution method, we find that spatial variations of daytime UHI intensity are more controlled by variations in the capacity of urban and rural areas to evaporate water, suggesting that strategies enhancing the evaporation capability such as green infrastructure are effective ways to mitigate urban heat.

Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in northeast China: a cross-sectional study, 2017–2019

Heart ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (8) ◽  
pp. 590-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liying Xing ◽  
Min Lin ◽  
Zhi Du ◽  
Li Jing ◽  
Yuanmeng Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

ObjectiveTo evaluate the epidemiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) in northeast China.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey using a multistage, stratified and cluster random sampling method was conducted in Liaoning Province between September 2017 and March 2019. A total of 18 796 participants (28.9% urban, 71.1% rural) aged ≥40 years were included. All participants completed a questionnaire and underwent a physical examination and ECG. AF was diagnosed according to history and ECG findings.ResultsThe overall AF prevalence was 1.1%; it increased steeply with age. AF was more prevalent in men than in women (1.5% vs 0.9%, p<0.001); however, the difference between urban and rural areas was not significant (1.3% vs 1.1%, p=0.228). Among the AF population, the overall AF awareness rate was 52.6%, higher in women than in men (61.5% vs 44.1%, p=0.011); however, the difference between areas was not statistically significant (60.0% vs 49.0%, p=0.129). According to the CHA2DS-VASc score, almost all (90.2%, 194/215) of our subjects required oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy; however, only 4.1% actually received it. Moreover, hypertension (66.5%), dyslipidaemia (32.6%) and diabetes (24.2%) were highly prevalent in patients with AF, but their control rates were unacceptably low (7.0%, 8.6% and 28.8%, respectively).ConclusionsThe burden of AF in northeast China was substantial. Underuse of OAC therapy and uncontrolled comorbidities will likely contribute to the cardiovascular outcomes of patients with AF in the coming decades. Long-term management strategies for AF and related risk factors are required in northeast China.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Capitalist and postcapitalist perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-309
Author(s):  
Anitra Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Agriculture ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Latent Potential ◽  
Neoliberal Policies ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The Covid-19 pandemic has exposed weaknesses of capitalism as an economy and polity, and revealed the latent potential of postcapitalism. A novel coronavirus is more likely to arise given massive industrial agriculture; the state of health care sectors is a result of neoliberal policies; the pandemic’s impacts were characterised by capitalist inequities; economic repercussions expose a crisis-prone system. Conversely, responses included pandemic solidarity and sharply increasing mutual aid groups. Postcapitalist currents have been arguing for localisation of economies and autonomous governance for decades; the Covid-19 pandemic reveals the rationale for these calls and the urgency to apply such approaches.

scholarly journals Pharmacists and telemedicine: an innovative model fulfilling Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Bukhari ◽  
Maryam Siddique ◽  
Nazia Bilal ◽  
Sobia Javed ◽  
Arzu Moosvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Innovative Model ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

AbstractThe lack of access to safe medicines and quality healthcare services in peri-urban and rural areas is a major challenge driving a health system to innovate new models of care. This commentary will discuss the implementation and impact of the “Guddi baji” tele-pharmacy model, a project piloted by doctHERs, one of Pakistan’s leading telemedicine organizations. This innovative model has described the reintegration of women into the workforce by leveraging technology to improve the level of primary health care services and contributes to safe medication practice in a remote area. Our intervention proposed the deployment of technology-enabled, female frontline health workers known as the Guddi baji (meaning The Good Sister) in a rural village. They serve as an “access point to health care” that is linked to a remotely located health care professional; a licensed doctor or a pharmacist within this model.

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