Quinones and non-quinones from the defensive secretion of Unciger transsilvanicus (Verhoeff, 1899) (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae), from Serbia

A complex mixture of compounds was identified from the secretion of specimens of Unciger transsilvanicus. Phenol and p-cresol were detected for the first time in the family Julidae, and for the second time in the order Julida. Thirteen quinones were identified, with a great relative abundance of toloquinone and 2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone. Hydroquinone was detected for the first time in the order Julida. Besides these compounds, isopentyl hexacosatetraenoate and isopentyl esters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with chain lengths from C14 to C20were identified. The most abundant non-quinone compound was isopentyl eicosenoate. The relative abundance of quinone and non-quinone in the defensive fluid of U. transsilvanicus was 77% and 23%, respectively. The phylogenetic importance of the registered compounds is briefly discussed.

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Insight into the Secondary Metabolites of Geum urbanum L. and Geum rivale L. Seeds (Rosaceae)

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061219 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1219

Author(s):

Marek Bunse ◽

Peter Lorenz ◽

Florian C. Stintzing ◽

Dietmar R. Kammerer

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Asiatic Acid ◽

Cosmetic Products ◽

Nutritional Properties ◽

First Time ◽

Derivatives Of ◽

Geum Urbanum ◽

Insight Into

The present study aimed at the identification and quantitation of phenolic compounds, fatty acids, and further characteristic substances in the seeds of Geum urbanum L. and Geum rivale L. For this purpose, individual components of extracts recovered with MeOH, CH2Cl2, and by cold-pressing, respectively, were characterized by HPLC-DAD/ESI-MSn and GC/MS and compared with reference compounds. For both Geum species, phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids and gallic acid derivatives, and triterpenes, such as saponins and their aglycones, were detected. Surprisingly, both Geum species revealed the presence of derivatives of the triterpenoid aglycons asiatic acid and madecassic acid, which were characterized for the first time in the genus Geum. Furthermore, the fatty acids of both species were characterized by GC–MS after derivatization. Both species showed a promising fatty-acid profile in terms of nutritional properties because of high proportions of unsaturated fatty acids. Linoleic acid and linolenic acid were most abundant, among other compounds such as palmitic acid and stearic acid. In summary, the present study demonstrates the seeds of G. urbanum and G. rivale to be a valuable source of unsaturated fatty acids and bioactive phenolics, which might be exploited for nutritional and cosmetic products and for phytotherapeutic purposes.

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Corn oil supplementation enhances hydrogen use for biohydrogenation, inhibits methanogenesis, and alters fermentation pathways and the microbial community in the rumen of goats

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz352 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (12) ◽

pp. 4999-5008 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiu Min Zhang ◽

Rodolfo F Medrano ◽

Min Wang ◽

Karen A Beauchemin ◽

Zhi Yuan Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Ch4 Emissions ◽

Gene Copies

Abstract Enteric methane (CH4) emissions are not only an important source of greenhouse gases but also a loss of dietary energy in livestock. Corn oil (CO) is rich in unsaturated fatty acid with >50% PUFA, which may enhance ruminal biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids, leading to changes in ruminal H2 metabolism and methanogenesis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of CO supplementation of a diet on CH4 emissions, nutrient digestibility, ruminal dissolved gases, fermentation, and microbiota in goats. Six female goats were used in a crossover design with two dietary treatments, which included control and CO supplementation (30 g/kg DM basis). CO supplementation did not alter total-tract organic matter digestibility or populations of predominant ruminal fibrolytic microorganisms (protozoa, fungi, Ruminococcus albus, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, and Fibrobacter succinogenes), but reduced enteric CH4 emissions (g/kg DMI, −15.1%, P = 0.003). CO supplementation decreased ruminal dissolved hydrogen (dH2, P < 0.001) and dissolved CH4 (P < 0.001) concentrations, proportions of total unsaturated fatty acids (P < 0.001) and propionate (P = 0.015), and increased proportions of total SFAs (P < 0.001) and acetate (P < 0.001), and acetate to propionate ratio (P = 0.038) in rumen fluid. CO supplementation decreased relative abundance of family Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group (P = 0.032), increased relative abundance of family Rikenellaceae (P = 0.021) and Lachnospiraceae (P = 0.025), and tended to increase relative abundance of genus Butyrivibrio_2 (P = 0.06). Relative abundance (P = 0.09) and 16S rRNA gene copies (P = 0.043) of order Methanomicrobiales, and relative abundance of genus Methanomicrobium (P = 0.09) also decreased with CO supplementation, but relative abundance (P = 0.012) and 16S rRNA gene copies (P = 0.08) of genus Methanobrevibacter increased. In summary, CO supplementation increased rumen biohydrogenatation by facilitating growth of biohydrogenating bacteria of family Lachnospiraceae and genus Butyrivibrio_2 and may have enhanced reductive acetogenesis by facilitating growth of family Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of CO led to a shift of fermentation pathways that enhanced acetate production and decreased rumen dH2 concentration and CH4 emissions.

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Physicochemical properties of new peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties

OCL ◽

10.1051/ocl/2019018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hamdy A. Zahran ◽

Hesham Z. Tawfeuk

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Oil Content ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Arachis Hypogaea L ◽

Oil Characteristics ◽

First Time

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are one of the major oilseed crops of the world and are an important source of protein in many countries. In this study, some nutrients and characteristics of the seeds’ oil extracted from four peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties: Line 27r (Israel), Line 9 (Malawi), Line 4 (Brazil) and Line 18 (Israel) cultivated, for first time, in Upper Egypt were subjected to the comparative assessment with control NC variety (USA). Peanut seeds are a rich source of oil content (50.45 to 52.12 g 100 g−1 dry weight “DW”). The physicochemical properties of extracted oil were investigated in this study. The obtained data showed that the ratios of saturated fatty acids ranged from 14.24 to 17.23%, and the amounts of unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 82.77 to 85.76%. Significant variations (p ≤ 0.05) of oil content, saponification value, oleic/linoleic (O/L), and oil characteristics were found. Line 9 was found to be high in oil content, while Line 27r was said to have a high O/L ratio (3.22%) and proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (85.76%).

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The lipids of four unusual non-pathogenic host-associated spirochetes

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m75-271 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

pp. 1877-1880 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Brian P. Livermore ◽

Russell C. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

The Other ◽

Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Phosphatidyl Glycerol ◽

Free Living ◽

Complex Lipids ◽

Monogalactosyl Diglyceride ◽

Chain Lengths ◽

Long Chain

The lipid compositions of two spirochetes isolated from the human oral cavity and two isolated from pig feces were examined. These isolates were unusual in that they did not require long-chain fatty acids for growth, as do the other host-associated spirochetes, but rather required isobutyric and valeric acids. Therefore, they could be cultured in a medium free of serum or fatty acid –albumin supplements. The major fatty acids synthesized were normal and iso fatty acids with 14 and 16 carbons. No unsaturated fatty acids were detected, nor were chain lengths longer than 16 carbons. The major complex lipids found were monogalactosyl diglyceride, phosphatidyl glycerol, and bis-phosphatidyl glycerol. Nitrogenous phospholipids, present in Treponema and Leptospira, were not synthesized by these novel strains. The data indicate an intermediate position of these isolates between Treponema and free-living Spirochaeta.

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THE FATTY ACID AND MINERAL COMPOSITION HERBS PICRIS HIERACIOIDES L.

chemistry of plant raw material ◽

10.14258/jcprm.2018011838 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 113-119

Author(s):

Валентина (Valentina) Николаевна (Nikolaevna) Бубенчикова (Bubenchikova) ◽

Ирина (Irina) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Степнова (Stepnova)

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Mineral Composition ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Raw Material ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

The Family ◽

European Part Of Russia ◽

Active Substances

As the object of the study, the herb of Picris hieracioides L., the family of the Asteraceae, widely grown in the middle belt of the European part of Russia, was chosen. Picris hieracioides L. has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, cytostatic activity. However, its chemical composition has not been studied sufficiently.Biologically active substances responsible for these types of pharmacological activity are not established. The purpose of this study was to study the fatty acid and mineral composition of the herb Picris hieracioides L., harvested in the Kursk region in 2016 during the flowering period of the plant. Gas chromatography / mass spectrometry identified 16 fatty acids, with long chains of from 12 to 24 carbon atoms. Fatty acids are represented by saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, among which saturated (53.42%): palmitic (2479,38 mg/kg) and myristic (867,79 mg/kg). Unsaturated fatty acids are dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids: linoleic (1543,87 mg/kg) and linolenic (2354,65 mg/kg). The study of the mineral composition by the method of emission spectral analysis showed the presence of 25 mineral elements. Among the macroelements is dominated by potassium. Among the trace elements, a high content of Cu, Zn, Ba, Mn, Sr, Ti, Fe, B, Al, Si is noted. It was found that the content of lead does not exceed the maximum permissible concentration for tea and herbal raw material.

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Crenotalea thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov., a member of the family Chitinophagaceae isolated from a hot spring

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY ◽

10.1099/ijs.0.058594-0 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 64 (Pt_4) ◽

pp. 1359-1364 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Satoshi Hanada ◽

Hideyuki Tamaki ◽

Kazunori Nakamura ◽

Yoichi Kamagata

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Hot Spring ◽

Nitrate Respiration ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Aerobic Bacterium ◽

Content Type ◽

Link Type ◽

The Family ◽

Sequence Similarities

A thermophilic aerobic bacterium designated strain STH-1-Y1T was isolated from sulfur-turf in a Japanese hot spring (Okuhodaka hot spring, Gifu Pref.). Colonies of strain STH-1-Y1T were yellow and low convex morphology with a slightly irregular fringe. Cells were slender long rods, 0.4–0.6 µm wide and 1.2–3.0 µm long. The isolate was an obligate aerophilic organism, and could not grow by fermentation or nitrate respiration. The isolate had a thermophilic trait, and could grow at 35–60 °C and pH 5.5–7.5; maximum growth occurred at 55 °C and pH 7.0 with a doubling time of 1.9 h. The Biolog and API tests suggested that strain STH-1-Y1T was able to use various sugars such as glucose, lactose, mannose, maltose, trehalose, cellobiose and sucrose, but could not use sugar alcohols other than glycerol, i.e. adonitol, arabitol, erythritol, inositol, mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol. Lactate and glutamate could be used, but other fatty acids, i.e. acetate, citrate, propionate and succinate could not. Gelatin, casein, starch and glycogen were hydrolysed, but neither chitin nor agar was degraded. Cells lacked flexirubin and showed oxidase and catalase activities. The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7), and major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, iso-C17 : 0 and anteiso-C15 : 0. No unsaturated fatty acids were detected. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain STH-1-Y1T was closely related to the family Chitinophagaceae within the phylum Bacteroidetes . However, the isolate was evenly distant from all members in this family with sequence similarities of 87–89 %. These significantly low sequence similarities strongly suggested that strain STH-1-Y1T represents a novel species in a new genus of the family Chitinophagaceae within the phylum Bacteroidetes . Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, the name Crenotalea thermophila gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is STH-1-Y1T ( = JCM 11541T = DSM 14807T).

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Skin Penetration Enhancing Action of cis-Unsaturated Fatty Acids with .OMEGA.-9, and .OMEGA.-12-Chain Lengths.

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.1248/bpb.21.484 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 484-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Yoshikazu TAKEUCHI ◽

Yumiko YAMAOKA ◽

Shoji FUKUSHIMA ◽

Kohji MIYAWAKI ◽

Kenji TAGUCHI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Skin Penetration ◽

Chain Lengths

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"Epicuticular Waxes" from Exine Material of Pine Pollen

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1987-7-821 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 42 (7-8) ◽

pp. 858-862 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Christiane Niester ◽

Paul-Gerhard Gülz ◽

Rolf Wiermann

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Epicuticular Waxes ◽

Primary Alcohols ◽

Effective Mechanism ◽

Pine Pollen ◽

The Individual ◽

Chain Lengths ◽

Physical And Chemical

“Epicuticular waxes” from pine pollen and from pollen wings have been investigated. Various hydrocarbons, aldehydes, wax esters, free fatty acids and primary alcohols in the form of homologous series were identified. A noteworthy observation was the presence of a large number of unsaturated fatty acids. Although there were quantitative differences between the waxes from whole pollen and pollen wings, the distribution patterns of chain lengths of the individual compounds were very similar. It is demonstrated unequivocally, through the use of pollen wing material, that the waxes are components of the exine. It is postulated that the pollen waxes provide an additional effective mechanism for protection against the effects of the physical and chemical environment.

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Free Fatty Acid Receptors in Health and Disease

Physiological Reviews ◽

10.1152/physrev.00041.2018 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 100 (1) ◽

pp. 171-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Ikuo Kimura ◽

Atsuhiko Ichimura ◽

Ryuji Ohue-Kitano ◽

Miki Igarashi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Future Research ◽

Biological Responses ◽

Free Fatty Acid Receptors ◽

Chain Lengths ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Fatty acids are metabolized and synthesized as energy substrates during biological responses. Long- and medium-chain fatty acids derived mainly from dietary triglycerides, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbial fermentation of the otherwise indigestible dietary fiber, constitute the major sources of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the metabolic network. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that FFAs serve not only as energy sources but also as natural ligands for a group of orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) termed free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), essentially intertwining metabolism and immunity in multiple ways, such as via inflammation regulation and secretion of peptide hormones. To date, several FFARs that are activated by the FFAs of various chain lengths have been identified and characterized. In particular, FFAR1 (GPR40) and FFAR4 (GPR120) are activated by long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, while FFAR3 (GPR41) and FFAR2 (GPR43) are activated by SCFAs, mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate. In this review, we discuss the recent reports on the key physiological functions of the FFAR-mediated signaling transduction pathways in the regulation of metabolism and immune responses. We also attempt to reveal future research opportunities for developing therapeutics for metabolic and immune disorders.

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Identification and quantitation of lipid C=C location isomers: A shotgun lipidomics approach enabled by photochemical reaction

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1523356113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 (10) ◽

pp. 2573-2578 ◽

Cited By ~ 142

Author(s):

Xiaoxiao Ma ◽

Leelyn Chong ◽

Ran Tian ◽

Riyi Shi ◽

Tony Y. Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Lipid Analysis ◽

Quantitative Information ◽

Analytical Tool ◽

Spectrometric Analysis ◽

Animal Tissues ◽

Unsaturated Lipid ◽

Shotgun Lipidomics ◽

First Time

The field of lipidomics has been significantly advanced by mass spectrometric analysis. The distinction and quantitation of the unsaturated lipid isomers, however, remain a long-standing challenge. In this study, we have developed an analytical tool for both identification and quantitation of lipid C=C location isomers from complex mixtures using online Paternò–Büchi reaction coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The potential of this method has been demonstrated with an implementation into shotgun lipid analysis of animal tissues. Among 96 of the unsaturated fatty acids and glycerophospholipids identified from rat brain tissue, 50% of them were found as mixtures of C=C location isomers; for the first time, to our knowledge, the quantitative information of lipid C=C isomers from a broad range of classes was obtained. This method also enabled facile cross-tissue examinations, which revealed significant changes in C=C location isomer compositions of a series of fatty acids and glycerophospholipid (GP) species between the normal and cancerous tissues.

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