Optimization of medium composition for the production of compounds effective against Xanthomonas campestris by bacillus subtilis

The biocontrol agents are a very promising alternative to synthetic pesticides that are presently used to control plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic microorganisms. Members of the Bacillus genera are soil bacteria that produce significant quantities of agriculturally important bioactive compounds. Production of these compounds can be improved by changing the nutritional and environmental conditions. The aim of this study was the optimization of medium composition, using response surface methodology, for the production of compounds effective against Xanthomonas campestris ATCC 13951 by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. To study the production of antimicrobial compounds by selected Bacillus strain, the producing microorganisms were cultivated on nutrient broth. The inhibition zone diameter of 18.0 mm obtained by the diffusion-disc method indicated that the used Bacillus subtilis strain produces compounds with antimicrobial activity against Xanthomonas campestris ATCC 13951. To optimize the composition of the cultivation medium in terms of glycerol, sodium nitrite and phosphates content, experiments were carried out in accordance with Box-Behnken design, and optimization of multiple responses was performed using the concept of desirability function. The developed model predicted that the maximum inhibition zone diameter (26.23 mm) against tested phytopathogen is achieved when the initial content of glycerol, sodium nitrite and phosphate were 50.00 g/L, 2.85 g/L and 11.00 g/L, respectively. To minimize the consumption of medium components and costs of effluents processing, additional optimization set was made. The techno-economic analysis of the obtained results has to be done to select optimal medium composition for industrial production of antimicrobial compounds.

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Aktivitas Antagonis Bacillus subtilis terhadap Streptococcus iniae dan Pseudomonas fluorescens (ANTAGONIST ACTIVITY OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS AGAINST STREPTOCOCCUS INIAE AND PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS)

jurnal veteriner ◽

10.19087/jveteriner.2017.18.3.409 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 409

Author(s):

Budianto Budianto ◽

Heny Suprastyani

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽

Fish Farming ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Probiotic Bacteria ◽

Streptococcus Iniae ◽

Antagonist Activity ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Paper Disc

Intensification of fish farming has caused various impacts, for example diseases in fish. One of the diseases in fish is a bacterial disease. The use of probiotic bacteria as an antimicrobial agent, which is relatively safe and effective, is a strategy to treat the disease. Bacillus subtilis is probiotic bacteria which can produce bacteriocin compounds and has antagonistic effects against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antagonist activity of B. subtilis against Streptococcus iniae and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Antagonist activity test was done by using paper disc diffusion against the bacteria. The variations on the test paper disc method used were based on the difference of B. subtilis incubation time, such as: 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 hours. The results showed B. subtilis (generation time = 30.62 min) produced antibacterial compounds which inhibited the growth of the bacteria. Antagonist activity was detected in early exponential phase, six hours, with inhibition zone diameter of 7.28 ± 0.18 mm (S. iniae) and 6.75 ± 0.11 mm (P. fluorescens) and reached optimum at early stationary phase, 24 hours, the inhibition zone diameter of 8.84 ± 0.28 mm (S. iniae) and 9.14 ± 0.91 mm (P. fluorescens). It can be concluded that B. subtilis can contribute in controlling the spread of bacterial diseases in fish farming, particularly caused by S. iniae and P. fluorescens ABSTRAK Intensifikasi budidaya ikan telah menyebabkan berbagai dampak, seperti penyakit pada ikan. Salah satunya adalah penyakit bakteriawi. Penggunaan bakteri probiotik sebagai agen antimikrob yang aman dan efektif adalah salah satu strategi untuk menanggulangi penyakit tersebut. Bacillus subtilis merupakan bakteri probiotik yang dapat memproduksi senyawa bakteriosin dan memiliki efek antagonis terhadap bakteri Gram negatif dan positif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi aktivitas antagonis dari B. subtilis terhadap Streptococcus iniae dan Pseudomonas fluorescens. Uji aktivitas antagonis dilakukan dengan menggunakan difusi cakram kertas terhadap bakteri uji. Variasi perlakuan pada uji cakram kertas adalah menggunakan perbedaan waktu inkubasi B. subtilis, yaitu waktu inkubasi 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 dan 30 jam. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, B. subtilis (waktu generasi=30,62 menit) dapat memproduksi senyawa antibakteri yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri uji. Aktivitas antagonis terdeteksi pada awal fase eksponensial yaitu inkubasi enam jam, dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 7,28 ± 0,18 mm (S. iniae) dan 6,75 ± 0,11 mm (P. fluorescens) dan mencapai optimum pada awal fase stasioner yaitu inkubasi 24 jam, dengan diameter zona hambat sebesar 8,84 ± 0,28 mm (S. iniae) dan 9,14 ± 0,91 mm (P. fluorescens). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa B. subtilis dapat berperan dalam pengendalian penyebaran penyakit bakteri pada budidaya ikan, khususnya yang disebabkan oleh S. iniae dan P. fluorescens.

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Optimization of the medium composition for production of antimicrobial substances by bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633

Acta periodica technologica ◽

10.2298/apt1748245r ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 245-259

Author(s):

Zorana Roncevic ◽

Jovana Djuran ◽

Jovana Grahovac ◽

Sinisa Dodic ◽

Aleksandra Ranitovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Sodium Nitrite ◽

Desirability Function ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Medium Composition ◽

Subtilis Atcc ◽

Antimicrobial Substances ◽

Nutritional Conditions ◽

Bacillus Subtilis Atcc ◽

Optimization Of Composition

In the effort to overcome the increase in antimicrobial resistance of different pathogens, natural products from microbial sources appear to be the most favorable alternative to current antibiotics. Production of antimicrobial compounds is highly dependent on the nutritional conditions. Hence, in order to achieve high product yields, selection of the media constituents and optimization of their concentrations are required. In this research, the possibility of antimicrobial substances production using Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 was investigated. Also, optimization of the cultivation medium composition in terms of contents of glycerol, sodium nitrite and phosphates was done. Response surface methodology and the method of desirability function were applied for determination of optimal values of the examined factors. The developed model predicts that the maximum inhibition zone diameters for Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876 (33.50 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (12.00 mm) are achieved when the initial contents of glycerol, sodium nitrite and phosphates were 43.72 g/L, 1.93 g/L and 5.64 g/L, respectively. The results of these experiments suggest that further research should include the utilization of crude glycerol as a carbon source and optimization of composition of such media and cultivation conditions in order to improve production of antimicrobial substances using Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633.

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Antifungal and growths regulation activity of new metal-organic compounds

Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv ◽

10.7124/visnyk.utgis.16.2.1051 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 143-149

Author(s):

O. V. Bashta ◽

L. P. Pasichnyk ◽

N. M. Voloshchuk ◽

G. G. Repich ◽

O. O. Zholob ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Copper Complex ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Chelate Complexes ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Grain Crops ◽

Metal Organic

The aim of present paper is to study the antifungal activity of the new platinum, palladium and copper chelate complexes with different organic ligands against Fusarium strains and to determine the influence of these compounds on the germination energy and seed germination of investigated grain crops. Methods. In vitro antifungal activities of new chelate complexes were studied by the agar disk diffusion method. New complexes were tested against pathogenic Fusarium strains such as — F. culmorum 3260/4, F. verticillioides and F. sporotrichioides. The toxic effect of new complexes was evaluated according to changes in germination power and seed germination of grain crops — winter wheat, vernal barley and maize. The determination of these characteristics was carried out in accordance with the standard demands. Results. Our results revealed that palladium complex H exhibited fungicidal activity against F. culmorum 3260/4 and fungistatic activity against F. verticillioides with growth inhibition zone diameter 25 mm ad 20 mm respectively. Copper complex 2 showed a moderate fungicidal effect against F. culmorum 3260/4 strain (inhibition zone diameter 12 mm). The treatment of grain crops seeds with the H and 2 complexes demonstrated the less toxicity than standard agent — commercial fungicide tebuconazol. These complexes had also less negative influence on the germination power for all test cultures than tebuconazol. Copper complex 2 showed a noticeable growth promoting effect on studied seeds compared to seeds under conditions without treatment. Conclusions. Thus, the studied complexes can be considered as promising antifungal agents with growth regulating properties. The directional modification of the complexes to obtain the more potent derivatives will be performed.Keywords: metal-organic compounds, antifungal, growths regulation activity.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) TERHADAP Salmonella typhi dan Escherichia coli

JFL : Jurnal Farmasi Lampung ◽

10.37090/jfl.v10i1.496 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nofita Nofita ◽

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Skin Infections ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Agar Diffusion ◽

Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Dayak onion (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) was a typical plant of Kalimantan. Empirically dayak onion (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) used by the comunity to treat skin infections. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of dayak onion power against Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli bacteria. The highest concentration used was 100%, and the lowest concentration was 0,5%. As a control of cloramfenikol for Salmonella typhi and ciprofloxacin for Escherichia coli bacteria. This research method used agar diffusion. The results showed the ethanol extract of dayak onion (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) contained flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and phenols with the highest levels was by tannins at 7,45%. Dayak onion (Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr) are inhibiting the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)of 1% with a inhibition zone diameter of 6,24 mm and 0,9% with a inhibition zone diameter of 6,20 mm at Escherichia coli bacteria.Keywords : Eleutherine polmifolia (L.) Merr, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Agar diffusion, MIC

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ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVENESS OF LIME LEAVES (Citrus hystrix DC) ETHANOL EXTRACT ON Enterococcus faecalis BACTERIA

Interdental Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi (IJKG) ◽

10.46862/interdental.v17i2.2400 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 89-96

Author(s):

Ratih Widyasari ◽

◽

Willy Hadinata Halim ◽

Atia Nurul Sidiqa ◽

Dewa Made Wedagama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Negative Control ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

The Difference

Introduction: Endodontic treatment failure can be caused by the bacterium E. faecalis, which has a prevalence of up to 90%. E. faecalis is difficult to eradicate because it forms a biofilm to defend itself against antibacterial agents. Lime leaves are one of the many herbal products available in Indonesia (Citrus hystrix DC). Lime leaf extracts include antibacterial components such as essential oils, phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of lime leaf extract against E. faecalis bacterium. Material and Methods:The agar diffusion technique was used for four experimental groups, using lime leaf extract at 4% (group 1), 8% (group 2), and 16% (group 3) as the negative control. Each group was repeated six times on Muller Hinton Agar (MHA) medium with a paper disc, and the diameter of the inhibitory zone was measured with a caliper. Results and Discussions: The results revealed that a 4 % concentration of lime leaf extract had an average inhibition zone diameter of 7.31 mm, an 8 % concentration had an average inhibition zone diameter of 8.59 mm, and a 16 % concentration had an average inhibition zone diameter of 11.41 mm. The difference in the inhibition zone was statistically significant (p= 0,000) evaluated using the one-way ANOVA. Conclusion: It can be concluded that lime leaf extract is antibacterial potential against E. faecalis bacteria in the endodontic treatment.

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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CHITOSAN AND HYDROLYZED COCONUT OIL AND THEIR COMBINATION AGAINST BACILLUS CEREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i5.11768 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 69 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jansen Silalahi ◽

Petrika Situmorang ◽

Popi Patilaya ◽

Yosy Ce Silalahi

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Research Centre ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

E Coli ◽

Zone Diameter

ABSTRACTObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of chitosan, hydrolyzed coconut oil and their combination againstBacillus cereus and Escherichia coli.Methods: The materials used in this study were powder of chitosan (obtained from prawn shell produced by Laboratory of Research Centre FMIPAUniversity of Sumatera Utara) and virgin coconut oil (VCO) product of Siti Nurbaya-Indonesia. VCO was partially hydrolyzed by Lipozyme TL IM(active at sn-1,3 position) and the result called hydrolyzed virgin coconut oil (HVCO). The bacteria used in this study were B. cereus and E. coli. Theantibacterial activity of chitosan in 1% acetic acid and HVCO in dimethylsulfoxide was tested by Kirby–Bauer agar diffusion method using paper discwith diameter of 6 mm.Results: The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration of chitosan against B. cereus and E. coli is at concentration of 0.05% withinhibition zone diameter of 6.86 mm and 7.56 mm, respectively. MIC of HVCO against B. cereus is at concentration of 0.25% with inhibition zonediameter of 6.40 mm, and against E. coli is at a concentration of 0.50% with inhibition zone diameter of 6.20 mm. The inhibition zone diameter ofchitosan 0.05% and HVCO 0.25% in combination against B. cereus is 8.33 mm which is higher than half the sum of chitosan 0.05% and HVCO 0.25%(6.63 mm). The inhibition zone diameter of chitosan 0.05% and 0.5% HVCO in combination against E. coli is 8.53 mm which is higher than half thesum of chitosan 0.05% and HVCO 0.5% (6.53 mm).Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that chitosan is more antibacterial than HVCO, and the interaction between chitosan and HVCO incombination demonstrated to be synergistic against B. cereus and E. coli.Keywords: Antibacterial, Chitosan, Coconut oil, Combination, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli.®

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Fatty Acids from Hermetia illucens Larvae Fat Inhibit the Proliferation and Growth of Actual Phytopathogens

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8091423 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 1423

Author(s):

Elena Marusich ◽

Heakal Mohamed ◽

Yuriy Afanasev ◽

Sergey Leonov

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Positive Control ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Zone Size ◽

Hermetia Illucens ◽

Antibiotic Overuse

The rapid increase of plant diseases caused by bacterial phytopathogens calls for an urgent search for new antibacterials. Antimicrobial compounds of natural origin stand up as frontiers in the attempts of the antibiotic overuse replacement. With this in mind, the Hermetia illucens (H. illucens) larvae have recently gained attention as a promising approach to fulfill this need. This study aimed to isolate the active constituents of H. illucens larvae fat and to estimate its antimicrobial capacity. We discovered the best composition of extracting solution retaining the pronounced antimicrobial activity of the extract. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we identified the unique natural array of fatty acids as the major constituents of the acidified water-methanol extract (AWME) as having new antimicrobial potency. In standard turbidimetric assay, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the AWME was 0.78 mg/mL after 24 h of incubation for all five tested phytopathogenic bacteria strains: Pantoea agglomerans, Xanthomonas campestris, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, and Dickeya solani. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranged from 0.78 to 1.56 mg/mL against all tested strains after 24 h of incubation. The inhibition zone size of AWME (INZ) at 50 mg/mL concentration was in the range 12.2 ± 0.56 to 19.0 ± 0.28 mm, while zone size for the positive control (penicillin-streptomycin) (5000 IU/mL–5000 µg/mL) was in the scale of 20.63 ± 0.53 to 24.0 ± 0.35 mm as revealed by standard disk diffusion assay. For the first time, our findings indicated the substantial antibacterial potential of AWME of H. illucens larvae fat against these actual phytopathogens, thus paving the way for further research to determine the mechanism of action in crop protection.

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THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FRACTIONS OF ETHYL ACETATE GARCINIA LATISSIMA MIQ. STEM BARK EXTRACTS AGAINST BACILLUS SUBTILIS AND PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s5.23100 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (17) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

Neneng Sitisilfi Ambarwati ◽

Amarila Malik ◽

Elfira Amalia Deborah ◽

Cakra Hagai Arpatism ◽

Maulfi Hanif ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Silica Gel ◽

Mobile Phase ◽

Agar Medium ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Tetrazolium Salt ◽

Inhibitory Zone ◽

Zone Diameter

Objective: This research focuses on the antibacterial activities of fractions of ethyl acetate Garcinia latissima Miq. extracts against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods: For each bacteria, the values of the inhibitory zone diameter were determined using paper discs method, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution and antibacterial assay was determined by bioautography. Fractionation was carried out using gradient elution with silica gel column as stationary phase successively increasing the separation according to the polarity (using combination of eluents; n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol).Results: To determine the diameter of the inhibitory zone for each fraction, the fractions were diluted with dimethyl sulfoxide until the concentration of each fraction was 20,000 ppm. The results showed that fraction B had no inhibitory zone against B. subtilis. The inhibitory zone diameters of fractions A, C, D, E, F, and G against B. subtilis were 7.600±0.000, 6.767±0.202, 7.950±0.477, 7.883±0.901, and 9.233±0.231 mm, respectively. Only Fraction G had an inhibition zone diameter of 7.200±0.173 mm against P. aeruginosa. The active fractions were tested by contact bioautography using silica gel (60 GF254) plate and hexane:chloroform (2:3) as mobile phase for Fractions A, C, D, E, and F and chloroform:ethyl acetate (4:1) as mobile phase for Fraction G. The thin layer chromatography plates were observed under the ultraviolet light at wavelengths of 254 and 366 nm, while the others plate (using in contact bioautography) placing on agar medium that had been inoculated with the bacteria, so the compounds could be diffuse to the medium. The active compound will appeared inhibitory zones in agar medium. The determination of the MIC values using microdilution with methylthiazol tetrazolium salt showed that fractions of the ethyl acetate extracts of G. latissima Miq. stem bark inhibited the growth of B. subtilis more actively than P. aeruginosa. The highest activity of the fractions against B. subtilis was shown by fraction G, which had a MIC value of 78.125 ppm, followed by fractions F (156.25 ppm), E (312.5 ppm), D (625 ppm), C (1250 ppm), B (2500 ppm), and A (5000 ppm). The highest activity of the fractions against P. aeruginosa was Fraction G (5000 ppm), while the MIC values of other fractions were >5000 ppm.Conclusion: Further investigations should be conducted to obtain the new antibacterial compounds in fractions of ethyl acetate extract of G. latissima Miq. stem bark that effective to inhibit the growth of B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa.

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AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI ISOLAT KAPANG ENDOFIT DARI KULIT NANAS (Ananas comosus (L.) Meer)

JURNAL BIOSENSE ◽

10.36526/biosense.v4i02.1569 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (02) ◽

pp. 20-30

Author(s):

Siti Hamidatul Aliyah ◽

Musfirotun Musfirotun ◽

Nur Antriana

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Ananas Comosus ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Pineapple Peel ◽

Living Organisms

Pineapple contains an enzyme called bromelain which is can be used as antiseptic of mouth, antibacterial, antifungal, and disinfectant. Endophytic mold is a microbe that forms colonies in healthy tissues of living organisms, generally, endophytic microbes do not cause harmful symptoms in the tissue of their host. This study aims to isolate the endophytic shell origin of pineapple peel that has acted as an antibacterial. A total of 3 endophytic capsules, Ac-I, Ac-II and Ac-III were isolated from pineapple skin using PDA media. The three isolates were purified and microscopic examinations were performed. Antibacterial testing was performed by fermentation to produce supernatant, then tested using disc method (Kirby-Bauer method) with Staphylococcus aureus and Escerichia coli test bacteria. The 3 isolates obtained only 1 isolate Ac-III isolates that have activity as antibacterial, with the inhibition zone diameter in bacterium Staphylococcus aureus 7.65 mm while in the bacterium Escerichia coli 6,9 mm.

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Effects of Different Solvents to Extract Phytochemical Materials of Rhazya stricta Against Salmonella typhimurium Activity

Gene Cell and Tissue ◽

10.5812/gct.117543 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Bahman Fazeli Nasab ◽

Hasan Ahmadi ◽

Mehrangiz Ghafari

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Growth Inhibition ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Average Growth ◽

Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽

Zone Diameter ◽

Rhazya Stricta ◽

Growth Inhibition Zone

Background: The use of plant extracts prepared from medicinal plants is common in the developing countries. Meanwhile, due to the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics, researchers are looking to discover new antimicrobials. Medicinal plants play an essential role in this regard. Objectives: This study was aimed at investigating the antimicrobial properties of various extracts of Rhazya stricta plant against Salmonella typhimurium. Methods: Methanolic, aqueous, ethanolic, hydroalcoholic, and ethyl acetate extracts of R. stricta were prepared. S. typhimurium strains were isolated from poultry feces. The microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of this plant. The diameter of the growth inhibition zone using was determined using Whatman paper. Results: The lowest MIC against S. typhimurium was obtained from the hydroalcoholic solvent with 3.1 ppm. The most effective extraction solvent to inhibit the growth of S. typhimurium was the hydroalcoholic type with an average growth inhibition zone diameter of 12.25 mm, followed by the ethanolic extract with a growth inhibition zone diameter of 12.12 mm. Conclusions: According to the results of research and increasing resistance to synthetic antibacterial substances, it seems that R. stricta plant with the help of hydroalcoholic solvent, can be considered an effective plant in eliminating some bacteria, including S. typhimurium.

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