scholarly journals Testing the effects of the presence of uranium in drinking water from individual wells in the village of Dubravica in the Branicevo district on public health

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-207
Author(s):  
Milos Rajkovic ◽  
Mirjana Stojanovic ◽  
Sladjana Milojkovic ◽  
Melina Vukadinovic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
The Village

The village of Dubravica is partially located over the western lignite deposits of the Kostolac basin. The examination of the dry residue obtained from drinking water from two individual wells by X-ray diffraction analysis, based on a typical peak, showed the presence of uranium in drinking water. The indirect method by Rajkovic and associates showed that, in sample I, the concentration of uranium in drinking water was 85.5 percent higher (3.71 ?g/L) and that the concentration of uranium in sample II was only 22 percent lower (1.56 ?g/L) than the Maximum Allowable Concentration (MAC) values required by the Regulations (2 ?g/L). Analysis of the result of the introduction of uranium in the human body has shown that this way brings 0.84 to 2 mg of uranium in the human organism per annum or 0.09 to 0.22 mg of uranium is deposited annually in the kidney. Assessment of the potential health risk due to the presence of uranium in drinking water indicated that the population using drinking water from wells will be threatened by uranium in a short time interval. Regarding the long-term risk, the calculation has indicated that in the first sample of drinking water, about 25 inhabitants, and in the case of the second sample of drinking water, 10 inhabitants out of 1000 inhabitants are endangered. As the kidney is the organ in which uranium is deposited (accumulated) to the greatest extent, its presence causes weakening and failure of kidney function, which can destroy 75 percent of kidney function until the manifestation of the first clinical symptoms. This phenomenon is observed among the population along the rivers the Kolubara, the Drina, the Sava and the Morava and is called endemic nephropathy. The elements found in trace amounts (Pb, Cd, Si), live agents (bacteria and viruses), fungal plant toxins, genetic factors and immune mechanism can be listed as possible causes. However, uranium in drinking water has not been listed so far. The tests performed in this study clearly show the role of uranium in the epidemic, endemic nephropathy, which is growing and which is not at the acute phase of the disease but has already progressed to renal failure and end-stage kidney disease. Official data on the rise of endemic nephropathy and diabetes and increasing their share in diseases, as well as overall mortality rates, which amount to 18.19%, clearly indicate that the role of uranium in the Branicevo district environment should not be ignored. Since there are settlements on the terrain to be investigated, uranium and its migration through the environment must be monitored as all conditions for its migration are unfortunately favourable.

scholarly journals SILICON: ITS BIOLOGICAL IMPACT UNDER DIETARY INTAKE AND HYGIENIC STANDARDIZATION OF ITS CONTENT IN DRINKING WATER. A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 492-498
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Rakhmanin ◽  
N. A. Egorova ◽  
G. N. Krasovsky ◽  
R. I. Mikhailova ◽  
A. V. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Western World ◽  
Balkan Endemic Nephropathy ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Therapeutic Effects

By the prevalence in the earth’s crust, silicon occupies the second place after oxygen. In different quantities silicon always presents in water and food products.The average daily dietary intake of silicon in Western world is about 20-50 mg/day. The biological role of silicon in human organism is still not clear, but it assumed to be necessary for processes of bone mineralization, collagen synthesis, it has a positive effect on the state of skin, hair, and nails, contributes to the prevention of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer disease. A number of scientific research is devoted to biological effects of silicon in animals and human subjects under intake with food and water, and substantiation of silicon (maximum admissible concentrations (MAC) in drinking water. In Chuvashia there was investigated the regional (geographical) pathology, which may be related with an increased silicon intake in association with the sharp imbalances of trace and macro elements in drinking water. Some measures were implemented to identify the possible role of silicon in etiology of Balkan endemic nephropathy. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report summarized materials for the experimental evaluation of the toxicity and harmless levels of silicon intake with food and water in animals. A series of studies was executed to simulate the development of silicon urolithiasis and for the elucidation of the role of macro- and microelements accompanying the intake of silicon into the body in stone formation. There are studied potential therapeutic effects of water soluble silicon compounds on human health. The standards of silicon in drinking water are regulated only in Russia and Australia. At the same time in our country there were formed two opposing points of view in relation to the hygienic standardization of silicon. The first is one - MAC of silicon in drinking water needs to be cancelled, the second - MAC of silicon in the water needs to be tightened. To resolve the contradictions it is advisable to use both the experience of harmonization of standards with international requirements, and the principle of silicon regional standardization, taking into consideration the biogeochemical characteristics of geographic areas. When searching the literature databases PubMed and CyberLeninka were used.

EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED AUTOIMMUNIZATION DISEASE OF THE THYROID

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 961-967
Author(s):  
R. W. Chandler ◽  
M. A. Kyle ◽  
W. Hung ◽  
Robert M. Blizzard
Keyword(s):  
Placental Transfer ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Fetal Thyroid ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
Short Time

Studies were undertaken to determine whether cretinism could be produced in rabbits born to immunized does with autoimmune thyroditis. Although anti-thyroid antibodies crossed the placenta of the rabbit and disappeared from the serum of the neonates by 7 weeks of age, the growth curves and thyroid histology of the newborns were normal. Passive immunization of normal does at 20 and 21 days of gestation was not associated with placental transfer of antibodies although transfer occurred at 30 days gestation. The possibility that the short time interval of exposure of the fetal thyroid to antibodies accounted for the failure of thyroid damage to occur was investigated. The role of cellular antibodies was also investigated by injecting lymphoid cells from immunized adult rabbits into newborns. No thyroid damage or serum antibodies were produced. The possible explanations for failure to obtain thyroid damage by circulating antibodies in newborn rabbits are discussed.

scholarly journals Characterization of Human NK Cell-Derived Exosomes: Role of DNAM1 Receptor in Exosome-Mediated Cytotoxicity against Tumor

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Di Pace ◽  
Nicola Tumino ◽  
Francesca Besi ◽  
Claudia Alicata ◽  
Libenzio Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cytolytic Activity ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Lymphocyte Function ◽  
Cancer Treatments

Despite the pivotal role of natural killer (NK) cells in defenses against tumors, their exploitation in cancer treatment is still limited due to their reduced ability to reaching tumor sites and the inhibitory effects of tumor microenvironment (TME) on their function. In this study, we have characterized the exosomes from IL2- or IL15-cultured human NK cells. Both cytokines induced comparable amounts of exosomes with similar cargo composition. Analysis of molecules contained within or exposed at the exosome surface, allowed the identification of molecules playing important roles in the NK cell function including IFN-γ, Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen (LFA-1), DNAX Accessory Molecule-1 (DNAM1) and Programmed Cell Death Protein (PD-1). Importantly, we show that DNAM1 is involved in exosome-mediated cytotoxicity as revealed by experiments using blocking antibodies to DNAM1 or DNAM1 ligands. In addition, antibody-mediated inhibition of exosome cytotoxicity results in a delay in target cell apoptosis. We also provide evidence that NK-exosomes may exert their cytolytic activity after short time interval and even at low concentrations. Regarding their possible use in immunotherapy, NK exosomes, detectable in peripheral blood, can diffuse into tissues and exert their cytolytic effect at tumor sites. This property offers a clue to integrate cancer treatments with NK exosomes.

scholarly journals Potential health risk assessment due to the presence of toxic metals in drinking water from individual wells in the village of Dubravica in the Branicevo district

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-77
Author(s):  
Milos Rajkovic ◽  
Mirjana Stojanovic ◽  
Sladjana Milojkovic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Village

In order to verify the content of macro- and microelements in drinking water in the village of Dubravica in the Branicevo district, which has no centralized water supply system, an analysis of the water sampled from two individual wells was conducted using the indirect method recommended by Rajkovic and associates. Tests on the RDA and AAS showed that: Al, Fe, Cr, Pb and U were in concentrations higher than the values allowed by Regulations on the hygienic quality of drinking water. To determine the risk of the presence of toxic metals in the elevated concentrations, the assessment of short-term and long-term potential carcinogenic risks was conducted. Based on the results obtained in the tested water samples, it is noticed that the value of the coefficient of risk (CR) was less than 1 for all potentially toxic metals that were determined in drinking water, which implies that there is no short-term carcinogenic potential risk to human health. Based on the results of the long-term potential risk for the occurrence and development of cancer, the risk of getting cancer of Cr was identified in the inhabitants of the village that used potable water of the first sample. In case of Pb, a risk of developing cancer, concerning the first sample of drinking water, may occur in 44 out of 1000 people and regarding the second sample, in 183 out of 1000 people. Based on the calculated estimates of the long-term health risk related to the presence of U in drinking water, it can be seen that there is a health risk related to the use of both water samples. On the basis of the calculated estimates of the long-term health risk related to the presence of uranium in drinking water, it can be noticed that the use of both water samples may lead to the potential risk of developing cancer: in 24.5 inhabitants regarding the first water sample and in 10.3 out of 1000 inhabitants in the case of the second water sample.

scholarly journals The Nephrogenesis in the Human Organism

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janos Vincze ◽  
Gabriella Vincze Tiszay
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ontogenetic Development ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Nephron Number ◽  
The One

We wanted to investigate nephrogenesis in its ontogenetic development (in the perinatal periods). This perinatal time interval was divided into five periods. Intrauterine are the early fetal (3–5 months) and late fetal periods, neonates (0–1 months), infants (1–12 months) and young children (1–3 years). We only conducted the analysis until the age of three, because the one million nephron number characteristic of the kidney in adulthood is already developed by the age of three. We found that the structural and functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which undergoes three initial stages: pro-, meso- and metanephros. There are two periods of accumulation: late fetal and infant age. After birth, the number of incomplete renal corpuscles is negligible. In further periods of ontogenesis, the nephron count remains unchanged, only the volume of the nephrons increases. When modeling kidney function, we found that the body is “resting” some of the nephrons, because it is during this time that the cell walls resulting from cavitation are regenerated

Effect of Dipyridamole on Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation in Whole Blood Decreases with the Time After Venepuncture: Evidence for the Role of ADP

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (02) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
A R Saniabadi ◽  
G D O Lowe ◽  
J C Barbenel ◽  
C D Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Adp Receptor ◽  
Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation

SummarySpontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) was studied in human whole blood at 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 minutes after venepuncture. Using a whole blood platelet counter, SPA was quantified by measuring the fall in single platelet count upon rollermixing aliquots of citrated blood at 37° C. The extent of SPA increased with the time after venepuncture, with a correlation coefficient of 0.819. The inhibitory effect of dipyridamole (Dipy) on SPA was studied: (a) 10 μM at each time interval; (b) 0.5-100 μM at 3 and 30 minutes and (c) 15 μM in combination with 100 μM adenosine, 8 μM 2-chloroadenosine (2ClAd, an ADP receptor blocker) and 50 μM aspirin. There was a rapid decrease in the inhibitory effect of Dipy with the time after venepuncture; the correlation coefficient was -0.533. At all the concentrations studied, Dipy was more effective at 3 minutes than at 30 minutes after venepuncture. A combination of Dipy with adenosine, 2ClAd or aspirin was a more effective inhibitor of SPA than either drug alone. However, when 15 μM Dipy and 10 μM Ad were added together, the inhibitory effect of Dipy was not increased significantly, suggesting that Dipy inhibits platelet aggregation independent of Ad. The increase in SPA with the time after venepuncture was abolished when blood was taken directly into the anticoagulant containing 5 μM 2ClAd. It is suggested that ADP released from the red blood cells is responsible for the increased platelet aggregability with the time after venepuncture and makes a serious contribution to the artifacts of in vitro platelet function studies.

Training of Village Teachers in Vilna Educational District in the 1860s and 1870s

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Anna A. Komzolova
Keyword(s):  
Educational Reform ◽  
Rural Teachers ◽  
Cultural Brokers ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia ◽  
Trained Teachers ◽  
The Village ◽  
North Western

One of the results of the educational reform of the 1860s was the formation of the regular personnel of village teachers. In Vilna educational district the goal was not to invite teachers from central Russia, but to train them on the spot by establishing special seminaries. Trained teachers were supposed to perform the role of «cultural brokers» – the intermediaries between local peasants and the outside world, between the culture of Russian intelligentsia and the culture of the Belarusian people. The article examines how officials and teachers of Vilna educational district saw the role of rural teachers as «cultural brokers» in the context of the linguistic and cultural diversity of the North-Western Provinces. According to them, the graduates of the pedagogical seminaries had to remain within the peasant estate and to keep in touch with their folk «roots». The special «mission» of the village teachers was in promoting the ideas of «Russian elements» and historical proximity to Russia among Belarusian peasants.

Perempuan dan Liminalitas dalam Tradisi Perkawinan Adat di Timor Tengah Selatan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Marsel Eliaser Liunokas
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Qualitative Research Method ◽  
South Central ◽  
A Value ◽  
Traditional Marriage ◽  
The Village ◽  
As If

Timorese culture is patriarchal in that men are more dominant than women. As if women were not considered in traditional rituals so that an understanding was built that valued women lower than men. However, in contrast to the article to be studied, this would like to see the priority of women’s roles in traditional marriages in Belle village, South Central Timor. The role of women wiil be seen from giving awards to their parents called puah mnasi manu mnasi. This paper aims to look at the meaning of the rituals of puah mnasi maun mnasi and the role and strengths that women have in traditional marriage rituals in the village of Belle, South Central Timor. The method used for this research is a qualitative research method using interview techniques with a number of people in the Belle Villa community and literature study to strengthen this writing. Based on the data obtained this paper shows that the adat rituals of puah mnasi manu mnasi provide a value that can be learned, namely respect for women, togetherness between the two families, and brotherhood that is intertwined due to customary marital affrairs.

Potential Role of Cytokines in Children with Acute Appendicitis and Acute Mesenteric Lymphadenitis

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-133
Author(s):  
Astra Zviedre ◽  
Arnis Engelis ◽  
Mohit Kakar ◽  
Aigars Pētersons
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mesenteric Lymphadenitis ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Near Future

Potential Role of Cytokines in Children with Acute Appendicitis and Acute Mesenteric Lymphadenitis Although, AAP and AML have different etiological factors, clinical symptoms are very much similar but treatment tactics in both the disease differ a lot. In case of AML, treatment is more conservative and does not require hospitalization while in case of AAP immediate hospitalization and maybe further surgery can be mandatory. With the identification of group of cytokines serum inflammatory mediators IL-8, IL-10, IL-12[p70], IL-17, TNF-a and MCP-1, it is believed early and proper diagnosis of AAP in the near future. Research of cytokines-serum inflammatory mediators has opened new opportunities for an early detection and differentiation of these two diseases in children.

From the History of the Public Library in the Village Tagai of Simbirsk District in Simbirsk Province

2010 ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Valentina M. Patutkina
Keyword(s):  
Public Library ◽  
Library History ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Village

The article is dedicated to unknown page in the library history of Ulyanovsk region. The author writes about the role of Trusteeship on people temperance in opening of libraries. The history of public library organized in the beginning of XX century in the Tagai village of Simbirsk district in Simbirsk province is renewed.

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