scholarly journals Abnormalities in enamel structure and their association with systemic diseases and syndromes

2011 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
Marko Jeremic ◽  
Dejan Markovic ◽  
Ana Vukovic ◽  
Marko Babic ◽  
Vukoman Jokanovic
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Enamel Structure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Structural Anomalies

Etiology of abnormalities in tooth structure has been subject of numerous studies but still has not been fully understood. Heredity is an established etiological factor for many types of structural anomalies of the teeth. Factors that cause changes in enamel structure may be genetic, immunologic and teratogenic or systemic diseases. Genetic changes may include individual genes, micro deletions or chromosomal defects. Systemic diseases can be associated with anomalies of tooth structure and diversity of clinical picture requires a multidisciplinary approach to the therapy. Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) represents a large group of structural abnormalities of the teeth. AI can exist independently or as a part of large number of syndromes and systemic diseases. Knowledge of clinical presentation, etiology, pathogenesis of structural anomalies of the teeth and their association with certain systemic diseases is of great importance to everyday dental practice in terms of prevention, prognosis and therapy. Also, it is necessary to expand basic knowledge of pediatricians in regards to the clinical picture of anomalies in tooth structure and their possible association with a wide range of systemic diseases and syndromes, in order to provide comprehensive clinical treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to present etiopathogenesis and classification and to describe the most important abnormalities of enamel structure and their association with systemic diseases and syndromes.

scholarly journals Drivers of Infectious Disease Seasonality: Potential Implications for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 074873042098732
Author(s):  
N. Kronfeld-Schor ◽  
T. J. Stevenson ◽  
S. Nickbakhsh ◽  
E. S. Schernhammer ◽  
X. C. Dopico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Timing Phase

Not 1 year has passed since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since its emergence, great uncertainty has surrounded the potential for COVID-19 to establish as a seasonally recurrent disease. Many infectious diseases, including endemic human coronaviruses, vary across the year. They show a wide range of seasonal waveforms, timing (phase), and amplitudes, which differ depending on the geographical region. Drivers of such patterns are predominantly studied from an epidemiological perspective with a focus on weather and behavior, but complementary insights emerge from physiological studies of seasonality in animals, including humans. Thus, we take a multidisciplinary approach to integrate knowledge from usually distinct fields. First, we review epidemiological evidence of environmental and behavioral drivers of infectious disease seasonality. Subsequently, we take a chronobiological perspective and discuss within-host changes that may affect susceptibility, morbidity, and mortality from infectious diseases. Based on photoperiodic, circannual, and comparative human data, we not only identify promising future avenues but also highlight the need for further studies in animal models. Our preliminary assessment is that host immune seasonality warrants evaluation alongside weather and human behavior as factors that may contribute to COVID-19 seasonality, and that the relative importance of these drivers requires further investigation. A major challenge to predicting seasonality of infectious diseases are rapid, human-induced changes in the hitherto predictable seasonality of our planet, whose influence we review in a final outlook section. We conclude that a proactive multidisciplinary approach is warranted to predict, mitigate, and prevent seasonal infectious diseases in our complex, changing human-earth system.

scholarly journals Dust Explosion Prevention and Mitigation, Status and Developments in Basic Knowledge and in Practical Application

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf K. Eckhoff
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Firm Knowledge ◽  
Systematic Education ◽  
Training Of Personnel ◽  
Made In

Right from the early days of the process industries, continuous efforts have been made to develop and improve measures for prevention and mitigation of dust explosions in these industries. Nevertheless this hazard continues to threaten industries that manufacture, use and/or handle powders and dusts of a wide range of combustible materials. To improve methods for predicting explosion development in real industrial plant has been one major challenge. Hence, during the last years comprehensive numerical simulation codes, for addressing this problem, have been developed. Progress has also been made in other areas, for example, ignition source prevention. The importance of adopting inherently safer process design, by building on firm knowledge in powder science and technology, and of systematic education/training of personnel, is also emphasized.

scholarly journals Reanatomização do sorriso com uso de resina composta: relato de caso

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Gerusa da Silva Lima ◽  
Fabíola Gabriellen Barros Brito ◽  
José Henrique de Araújo Cruz ◽  
Luanna Abílio Diniz Melquíades Medeiros ◽  
Elizandra Silva da Penha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Fernando Pessoa ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Smile Aesthetics ◽  
Tooth Colour

Introdução: Os pacientes têm exigido cada vez mais da odontologia estética para solucionar casos de desarmonia do sorriso, como alterações de cor, forma e tamanho. Com o avanço dos materiais dentários e aperfeiçoamento das técnicas é possível tratar casos estéticos com mínimos desgastes dentários e ter resultados excelentes. Cabe ao cirurgião-dentista optar por um tratamento que devolva saúde e função além da estética. Objetivo: Realizar reanatomização do sorriso por meio de facetas diretas em resina composta, como também mostrar que é possível alcançar sucesso clínico usando um material mais barato como a resina composta. Relato do caso: Paciente sexo feminino, 22 anos, apresentou-se à Clínica Escola de Odontologia da UFCG buscando melhorar a estética do seu sorriso. O material de escolhido foi resina composto por ser mais viável financeiramente em relação às cerâmicas, ter execução mais simples, necessitar de pouco ou nenhum desgaste e também ser reversível. A técnica usada foi Facetas diretas em resina composta; para realiza-lo foram imprescindíveis etapas pré-operatórias de gengivectomia, clareamento dental, enceramento diagnóstico para posteriormente realizar-se os desgastes. Utilizou-se guia de silicone para nortear os aumentos incisais, condicionamento ácido com ácido fosfórico a 37%, aplicação do sistema adesivo e realização dos incrementos de compósitos com posterior acabamento e polimento. Conclusão: A colaboração da paciente, um bom planejamento do caso, execução adequada da técnica e controle e manutenção periódica, proporcionaram uma estética dentária dentro dos padrões tão valorizados atualmente e aumento da sua autoestima.Descritores: Estética Dentária; Facetas Dentárias; Resinas Compostas.ReferênciasMarcondes R, Pires HCS, Bocutti JH. Lâmina cerâmica unitária sobre substrato escurecido: protocolo clinicolaboratorial com estratifcação em duas camadas. Rev Dental Press Estét. 2012;9(4):28-44.Sakamoto Junior AS, Higashi C, Gomes JC. Substituição de coroas totais metalocerâmicas em incisivos laterais conoides vitais: relato de caso clínico. Rev Dental Press Estét. 2015;12(3):71-83.Pontons-Melo JC. Harmonização do sorriso por meio de procedimentos minimamente invasivos. FGM News. 2013;132-37.Mondelli J. Estética e cosmética: em clínica integrada restauradora. São Paulo: Quintessence; 2003.Baratieri LN. Soluções clínicas: fundamentos e técnicas. Florianópolis: Ponto; 2008.Silva SB. Facetas diretas de resina composta versus facetas indiretas em porcelana [monografia] Florianópolis: ABO-SC; 2005.Queiroga RB. Laminados cerâmicos minimamente invasivos: novas possibilidades. Rev Dental Press Estét. 2012;9(1):34-47.Soares PV, Faria NFB, Cardoso IO, Moura GF, Pereira AG. Multidisciplinary approach for rehabilitation of smile aesthetics with minimally invasive ceramic veneers. J Clin Dent Res. 2017;14(1):68-88.Joiner A, Luo W. Tooth colour and whiteness: A review. J Dent. 2017;  67S:S3-S10.Nash RW. Resurfacing tooth structure with ceramic laminates. Dent Today. 2014; 33(8):68-71.  Dietschi D. Optimizing smile composition and esthetics with resin composites and other conservative esthetic procedures. Eur J Esthet Dent. 2008;3(1):14-29.Almeida RR, Garib D.G, Almeida-Pedrin RR, Almeida MR, Pinzan A, Junqueira MHZ. Diastemas interincisivos centrais superiores: quando e como intervir?. R Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial. 2004;9(3):137-56.Lima RBW, Leite JT, França RM, Brito MCT, Uchôa RC, Andrade AKM. Reabilitação estética anterior pela técnica do facetamento – relato de caso. Rev bras ciênc saúde 2013; 17(4):363-70.Frese C, Schiller P, Staehle HJ, Wolff D. Recontouring teeth and closing diastemas with direct composite buildups: A 5-year follow-up. J Dent. 2013;41(11):979-85.Souza SJB, Magalhães D, Silva GR, Soares CJ, Soares PFB, Santos-Filho PCF. Cirurgia plástica periodontal para correção de sorriso gengival associada a restaurações em resina composta: relato de caso clínico. Rev Odontol Bras Central. 2010;19(51):362-66.Ferreira CLB. Fraturas dentárias no sector anterior abordagem estética através de restaurações diretas a resina composta [dissertação]. Porto: Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Fernando Pessoa; 2013.Okida RC, Rahal V, Okida DSS. A associação entre dentística e periodontia no tratamento estético com lentes de contato: relato de caso. Rev Odontol Araçatuba. 2015;36(1):59-64.Cruz JHA, Silva RLB, Andrade-Júnior FP, Guênes GMT, Almeida MSC, Medeiros LADM et al. A importância da anatomia e escultura dental para prática de procedimentos clínicos odontológicos. RSC online, 2018;7(1):76-85.Sousa LX, Cruz JHA, Melo WOS, Freire SCP, Ribeiro ED, Freire JCP. Abfração dentária: um enfoque sobre a etiologia e o tratamento restaurador. Arch Health Invest. 2018; 7(2):51-53.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology in Dentistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Alcides Almeida de Arruda ◽  
Cinthia Figueiredo de Oliveira ◽  
Carina Silva de Paula ◽  
Vanessa Carla Furtado Mosqueira ◽  
Amália Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Nanometer Scale ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Disease Diagnostics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Safety Assessments ◽  
Oral Analgesia

Introduction: Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding field that encompasses the development, manipulation, and application of structures on the nanometer scale. Applications of nanotechnology to dentistry are particularly promising and comprise materials and devices designed to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy with minimal side effects. Objective: This review discusses the advantages of nanotechnology and the different types of nanostructures used in dentistry. Material and Method: In this study, online databases: pubmed, medline and scielo were searched to analyse the current understanding of the potential of nanotechnology in dentistry, including the restoration of tooth structure with nanocomposites and the development of nanoparticles for dentin remineralisation, drug delivery, disease diagnostics, oral analgesia, oral hygiene maintenance, local anaesthesia, tooth desensitisation, and bone tissue repair. Results: The study demonstrated a wide range of nanotechnological strategies in different dentistry areas and suggests that nanotechnology-based delivery systems may be very useful to improve treatment, prevention and repair in dentistry in the future. Conclusion: There is little or no clinical experience for the nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems cited herein. Safety assessments and clinical trials are the next step in their development.Descriptors: Nanotechnology; Dental Research; Biocompatible Materials.

scholarly journals Assessment of physicians’ and medical majors’ knowledge of asthma basics: Current results of the ASSA-II study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Roman A. Bontsevich ◽  
Alina V. Mikhno ◽  
Oksana V. Dudchenko ◽  
Galina A. Batisheva ◽  
Galina G. Prozorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Asthma Therapy ◽  
Delivery Device ◽  
Laboratory Markers ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction: Bronchial asthma is a disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways. At present, about 235-300 million people suffer from asthma, and this number continues to grow. This pathology is also common in children. It causes significant social and economic damage worldwide. Severe forms of asthma are difficult to treat. Thus, a continuous improvement of doctors’ knowledge in this field is of great importance. Methods: The analysis of an anonymous survey of physicians and senior medical students was used in the research. Results: The study revealed both an average level of basic knowledge in asthma etiology and pathogenesis among the physicians and senior medical students and the significant differences in their knowledge regarding clinical picture and treatment of asthma. Only 49.2% of students and 56.0% of doctors were able to choose the correct definition of asthma from the suggested answers; 65.7% of students and 69.9% of doctors correctly indicated the main clinical and laboratory markers of asthma; 60.2% of students and 91.0% of doctors determined the correct combination of drugs in one delivery device; and 75.9% of students and 91.2% of doctors selected the correct basic asthma therapy depending on the severity. Conclusion: Basing on the results obtained it was recommended to introduce additional educational activities on the diagnosis and therapy of asthma among medical majors and physicians.

scholarly journals Modern approaches to the diagnostics and potentials of endoscopic treatment of esophageal stenoses in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
A. O. Merkulova ◽  
A. Yu. Kharitonova ◽  
O. V. Karaseva ◽  
A. A. Shavrov
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Esophageal Stenosis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Esophageal Lumen ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction. Esophageal stenosis in childhood is quite a common disease characterized by different etiology, specific clinical picture, wide range of differential diseases and a variety of approaches to its treatment.Material and methods. The review analyzes scientific literature presented in such search engines as Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, eLibrary, 20 years deep. The most significant works of the last century were included too. Keywords were used for search.Results. There were selected 60 literary sources which included the description of modern concepts of etiopathogenesis, classification, diagnostic and curative techniques for the treatment of esophageal stenosis in children. A particular attention is paid to the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive endoscopic interventions (bougienage, balloon dilation) as well as to the topical application of Mitomycin C in the treatment of esophageal stenosis in children.Conclusion. Innovative endoscopic technologies applied for the restoration of the esophageal lumen seem to be promising, effective and safe. In the overwhelming majority of cases, they allow to reduce surgical aggression and avoid complex reconstructive surgeries.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
S. N. Avdeev
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Lung Biopsy ◽  
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Air Trapping ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
Lungs And Airways

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an inflammatory disease of the lungs and airways that develops in response to repeated inhalation of a wide range of aerosol antigens. The clinical picture and course of HP are highly variable and depend on such factors as the nature of the antigen, the intensity and duration of exposure to the antigen, as well as on the characteristics of the patient's immune response. The annual incidence of HAP is 1.28 -1.94 cases per 100 000. Currently, the diagnosis of HP is usually based on the characteristic clinical picture, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) data, bronchoscopy, lung biopsy, and evidence on the antigen. HRCT plays a central role in the diagnosis of HP. The most common finding on HRCT in HP is ground-glass opacities, which can be associated with centrilobular nodules and air trapping. In some cases, the fibrotic HP signs are very similar to those of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and most changes are found in the lower regions and subpleurally. Therapy for HP usually includes avoiding exposure to the antigen, considering corticosteroids (CS) and/or immunosuppressive therapy to suppress the active inflammatory/immune response, and treating comorbidities. Nintedanib therapy in patients with progressive fibrotic HP results in a slower decline of lung function compared to placebo.

Martin Luther’s Catechisms

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninna Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Roman Catholic ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Roman Catholic Church ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Short Text ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
Verb Meaning

The word “catechism” denotes instruction in the basic knowledge of Christianity. It is a Latin version of the term that the Greek Church Fathers employed when teaching converts before allowing them to be baptized and thus become full members of the church. The verb meaning “catechize” is known already in the New Testament (e.g., Acts 18:25; Gal. 6:6). The application of the noun to a specific textbook, however, originates in Martin Luther’s edition of such a book in 1529, Enchiridion: Catechism for simple vicars and preachers. Luther composed two catechisms in the wake of the Peasants’ War (1524–1525), which also instigated systematic Roman Catholic Church visitations in Saxony, and Luther’s catechisms can be regarded as an integral part in the building up of a new magisterial (“state”) church. At that time, the Reformer had a comprehensive background in catechetical authorship, which had evolved during his more than twenty years as a preacher. His catechisms were the outcome of a preaching campaign on catechetical matters which he undertook in 1528 as a substitute for the vicar in Wittenberg, John Bugenhagen. For a few years he had demanded that a “catechism” (a sermon on the knowledge necessary for children and simple folk) be printed. Not satisfied with the efforts of his fellow reformers, Luther began to publish the basics on tablets intended to be hung on the wall. These tablets became literally worn out from use and are no longer extant, but they formed the basis of the booklet afterwards called “D. Martin Luther's Small Catechism.” Overnight the term “catechismus” became a universal word for a genre of books intended to convey the elements of doctrine to every member of Christian society. When Luther edited his sermons from the same campaign, he named the publication his “German (later ‘Large’) Catechism.” The outstanding characteristic of Luther’s Enchiridion, or “Small Catechism,” was its verybrevity, which probably reflects the fact that it was conceived as an oral recitation of questions and answers. In using this form, Luther was preceded by a pastor in Schwäbisch Hall, John Brenz, who also produced his “Questions on Christian Faith for the Youth” in 1527, closely related to his preaching. Brenz included, as Luther would later do, the demand that applicants for the Lord’s Supper should first prove their knowledge of the basics of that belief. In a revised edition, Brenz’s catechism became extremely popular and coexisted with Luther’s in the southern parts of the German Reich, even after the latter was formally adopted as part of normative Lutheran doctrine with the publication of the Book of Concord in 1580. The notion of a catechism as a short collection of formulas was, however, almost immediately superseded by a wider concept covering a wide range of instructions in faith. The short explanations were felt to be unsatisfactory and gave way to large “exposed catechisms.” Moreover, the catechisms soon became vehicles of confessional or even national identity. Both Reformed and Roman Catholic theologians closed in on essential doctrine in elaborate catechisms, most notably in the Heidelberg Catechism of 1563 and the Catechismus Romanus of 1566. Both rehearsing the catechism and enlarging the text by adding new glosses existed until well into the 19th century, when a combination of new pedagogical ideals and the full and final secularization of the schools gave way to more obvious methods of instruction in both church and school. By the middle of the 20th century, the catechisms were ousted by Bible history. Today the classical catechism is mainly seen as a challenge and a possible inspiration for combining a short text with substantial religious teaching.

High Resolution Genomic Profiling in CLL Using SNP Oligonucleotide Microarrays.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 2946-2946
Author(s):  
Justyna Rawluk ◽  
Dietmar Pfeifer ◽  
Milena Pantic ◽  
Hendrik Veelken
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Genomic Profiling ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Regions Of Homozygosity

Abstract Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by different recurrent chromosomal aberrations with prognostic significance. Therefore, convenient genome-wide assays to identify genetic changes with high accuracy are required to assess the risk category of an individual patient, and to identify genetic mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation. Array-based CGH with custom-made chips has been proposed for this purpose (Schwaenen et al., 2004). We analyzed unselected peripheral blood cells from 50 consecutive CLL patients (33 with mutated IgVH genes) for the presence of genetic changes using Affymetrix 10k and 50k SNP mapping arrays that allow copy number analysis with a mean intermarker distance 300 kb and 60 kb, respectively. The detection limit of the assay with respect to tumor cell content was 25 to 40 % as assessed by validation experiments with a commercially available panel of FISH probes for typical recurrent CLL aberrations. 14 cases (28%) failed to show any detectable abnormalities. Among the common prognostically important aberrations, we readily identified del13q14 in 26 (52%), trisomy 12 in 9 (18%), del11q22 in 6 (12%), and del17p13 in 3 cases (6%). In 9 cases, additional losses in 17q (3 cases), 14q (2 cases), 5q (2 cases), 1q, 18p and 20q were detected. Likewise, multiple gains like trisomy 3, dup17q and dup2p (2 cases) were diagnosed. In addition to their convenient detection, size and extent of genomic aberrations can be defined with high resolution due to the precise positional information of the SNPs: In 2 out of 6 patients with a del11q22, in which deletion of the ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) gene is thought to represent the critical event, the ATM gene was present, but a 1Mb deletion around the RDX (radixin) gene was revealed. These deletions were missed by FISH analysis with ATM-spanning probes. Similarly, TP53 was still present in 1 of 3 patients with del17p13, despite the common assumption that this deletion causes the loss of a TP53 allele. An observed gain of 2p16 could be narrowed down to a 3Mb region containing the REL gene. Overexpression of REL may contribute to resistance to DNA-damage-induced apoptosis in CLL cells in vitro (Vallat et al., 2003). Finally, both the 10k and 50k SNP arrays showed the extent of the most frequent del13q14 in a wide range with a size distribution of 500kb to over 30Mb. However, for a more reliable detection of the del13q14 core region, the 50k array may be preferable to the 10k version, since this region is covered by 34 compared to 4 SNPs, respectively. Unexpectedly, 3 of 6 cases with a homozygous del13q14 showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) associated with a normal copy number distal to the del13q14 extending to the telomere. A similar phenomenon has recently been described in AML patients (Raghavan et al., 2005) and can be explained by a somatic recombination event. Preliminary analyses demonstrated additional large regions of homozygosity ranging from 3 to over 20Mb on various chromosomes in at least 12 CLL cases. In conclusion, genomic profiling with Affymetrix SNP microarrays is an efficient screening method for simultaneous genome-wide detection of submicroscopic aberrations. Information on genotype with dosis information reveals hitherto undetected regions of homozygosity that may harbor imprinted genes or loss-of-function alleles with importance for the pathogenesis of CLL.

scholarly journals Effects of leptin administration on long-term selected fat mice

1997 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUTZ BÜNGER ◽  
WILLIAM G. HILL
Keyword(s):  
Matter Content ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Term Selection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

To assess the role of genetic changes in sensitivity to leptin hormone in contributing to responses to long-term selection for fatness, leptin was administered to a long-term fat selected (F) and a control line (C) of mice. These lines differ almost three fold in their percentage of fat (fat%) at about 15 weeks of age. Treated (T) animals received twice-daily intraperitoneal injections of 5 mg/kg leptin from 91 to 105 days of age; untreated (U) animals received equivolume injections of phosphate-buffered saline. Treated compared with untreated animals in both lines had significantly (P<0·05) lower mean body weight, food intake and fatness at the end of test (fat%: CT 3%, CU 7·4%, FT 14·9%, FU21·1%). The differences in response between the lines [(CT−CU)−(FT−FU)] were all non-significant (P>0·05), however. There was a very wide range of fatness (estimated from dry matter content) among FT animals (3–29%), much higher than in FU (15–31%), CT (0·7–6·4%) and CU (2–15%) animals. While sensitivity to leptin remains in the fat line, response appears to vary among animals at the dose level used.

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