scholarly journals Nurturing talents and creativity in youth: Challenge to contemporary world

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-147
Author(s):  
Bosiljka Djordjevic ◽  
Slavica Maksic

The paper reviews approaches to the development of talents and creativity using surveys communicated in the 1975-2005 period at world, European and regional scientific conferences on gifted children and youth. Methods of studying and treating the gifted over the past three decades were analyzed on the basis of data available in records, proceedings of papers and other publications of the mentioned conferences as well as of personal findings of the present paper?s authors who participated in some of those conferences. In addition to identifying the subjects that captured attention of researchers and practitioners in a certain period of time, an attempt was made to describe trends in studying them and those likely ones for future work. The results indicate that the most frequent subjects under study were problems facing conception and definition of giftedness, talents and creativity, instruments for identifying gifted individuals, and manners of providing adequate education for them. Over time there was an increase in the number of studies related to identifying specific personality traits of a gifted individual and his environment, critical for his development and achievement. It is noticeable that interest in gifted children and youth is growing all the time, involving not only researchers and teachers but parents, the gifted themselves and other important social groups and institutions. It is concluded that encouraging talents and creativity in youth is a challenge to contemporary world, which will determine its future.

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 323-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Colonnelli ◽  
Joacim Tåg ◽  
Michael Webb ◽  
Stefanie Wolter

We provide stylized facts on the existence and dynamics over time of the large firm wage premium for four countries. We examine matched employer-employee micro-data from Brazil, Germany, Sweden, and the UK, and find that the large firm premium exists in all these countries. However, we uncover substantial differences among them in the evolution of the wage premium over the past several decades. Moreover, we find no clear evidence of common cross-country industry trends. We conclude by discussing potential explanations for this heterogeneity, and proposing some questions for future work in the area.


Author(s):  
Siren Eriksen ◽  
Ruth Louise Bartlett ◽  
Ellen Karine Grov ◽  
Tanja Louise Ibsen ◽  
Elisabeth Wiken Telenius ◽  
...  

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> For people with dementia, lived time is important to understand, as the condition affects memory, perceptions of time, and life expectancy. The aim of this study was to locate, interpret, and synthesize the experience of lived time for people with dementia. <b><i>Method:</i></b> This article presents a qualitative systematic meta-synthesis. The theoretical framework of lifeworlds by van Manen provided the context for the study. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme criteria for qualitative studies were used to appraise the studies. Sixty-one qualitative research studies based on interviews with people with dementia were included in the review. The analysis followed the principles of interpretive synthesis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Four categories were revealed: (1) rooted in the past – “I am the same as before”; (2) focussing on the present – “Nobody has tomorrow”; (3) thinking about the future – “What is going to happen to me?”; and (4) changes in the experience of self over time – “I used to….” The latent overall meaning was expressed as “being engaged with the dimensions of time.” <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> The experience of lived time is an active and important one, enabling people to manage the dementia journey. Future work involving people with dementia should foreground the experience of lived time.


2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Amanda K. Sprochi

Race in American Film is a three-volume encyclopedic treatment of race and racism in American cinema, from the early film era to modern times. The editors, Daniel Bernardi and Michael Green, address the question of “American cinema’s place in American and world culture with respect to the question of race” (xxx). For the purpose of this three-volume set, they define “race” broadly, using Omi and Winant’s definition of race as a “‘shifting yet reforming’ complex of meanings that works to shape our sense of selves and those we see as similar—thereby allowing us to see others as different.” (xxi) The concept of race, therefore, is subject to change over time and among different social groups.


1970 ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Ivo Maroevic

Cultural heritage is a complex matter. To use a very concise definition, it is the value of the past that we distinguish in the present in order to be able to preserve it for the future. Through the varying course of the present it constantly transmits the experiences and the messages of past times, forever expanding human knowledge about them. The theoretical formulation of cultural heritage goes back a long way but in the modern sense began to be defined and directed towards conservation in the period of romanticism, in the mid-19th century, when a clearly focused interest in the past was one of the major features of the contemporary world-view. 


Author(s):  
Suzanne Holroyd

The study of personality disorder (PD) in late life presents conceptual, diagnostic, and methodological difficulties. By definition, PD is considered a group of personality traits that relatively persistent through adulthood. However, the concept of PD persisting throughout the lifespan contradicts widespread clinical belief that they become less severe with ageing. There are difficulties in studying PD in the elderly. One is the instability of the definition of PD over time, making it difficult to relate earlier studies to those using current definitions of PD. In addition, diagnostic criteria are subject to criticism when applied to the elderly, in that they may be ‘age-biased’. Finally, the methodology used to diagnose PD has been highly variable and difficult to interpret between studies. This chapter covers clinical features, diagnosis, epidemiology and aetiology, course and prognosis, and treatment and management.


Author(s):  
Dar-Wei Chen ◽  
Kelly J. Neville ◽  
Lauren Massey ◽  
Gregory A. Burbelo ◽  
Paul N. Blankenbeckler ◽  
...  

Over the past several decades of information technology growth, work has become increasingly cognitive. It is also becoming more complex, thanks in part to growing networks of information, capability, and resources that link us and our work into large, distributed teams and organizations. In this paper, we assert that skills required for complex cognitive work are acquired in ways that qualitatively differ from the ways used for training routine procedural and rule-based skill. We conducted a literature review, peer workshop, and candidate-definition evaluation to derive a definition of complex cognitive skill (CCS). The CCS definition meets a number of evaluative criteria that include addressing complex cognitive work characteristics described in the relevant literature. The definition is expected to help researchers develop a more focused and coherent CCS research base and to help training practitioners justify the types of methods and resources required for supporting CCS acquisition. Future work will include assessing the definition for clarity, unambiguity, and, more generally, usefulness and usability.


1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Fawcett

Projectile point neck-widths are used to estimate the age of specimens from surface assemblages in southern Idaho. Like other attribute-based dating techniques, it is easier to replicate and can be accomplished with more fragmentary artifacts than more typological-based approaches. Estimating the age in years allows us to examine the past in a more continuous way that avoids problems arising from periodization and discrepancies between archaeologists in their definition of sequences. The availability and physical characteristics of the raw material from which the projectile points were manufactured, along with constraints in scheduling other subsistence resources, may have contributed to the long-term empirical trend toward narrower neck-widths over time. This trend transcends the change in projectile technologies from the earlier atlatl thrown darts to later bow propelled arrows. Both technologies coexisted for at least a millennium in southern Idaho.


2021 ◽  
pp. 221-248
Author(s):  
Sudipta Kaviraj

This chapter demonstrates the decline of state pluralism, the logic of aggregative identities in political mobilization in independent India, and, in closing, the moral psychology and institutional structure of democratic violence. It argues that caste’s hierarchical and segmenting features produced a logic of mobilization that, over time, accorded legitimacy to identitarian aggregation of all shades—not just those identified by the constitution-makers as deserving of recognition on the grounds of social justice. Simultaneously, the chapter shows how the definition of Hinduness acquired meaning through the differences with Muslims and Christians. Electorally, this identity took shape only over the past three decades, and the BJP’s electoral rise and sustenance have come alongside a rise in “everyday violence.” This chapter explores the conditions of possibility for such violence—the complexity of agential structures in the modern Indian state; the nature of mob violence; and mismatch between a social organization’s incentives and a political party’s compulsions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (101) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
José Tudela Aranda

Resumen:La categorización del Estado autonómico se ha desenvuelto desde su adscripciónal Estado regional en sus inicios, a su consideración como uno de los rostros del federalismo en los últimos años. En cualquier caso, una de las características que ha sido subrayada reiteradamente como nota distintiva del mismo, es el principio de emulación. De acuerdo con el cual, la voluntad de igualación de los distintos territorios más el potencial técnico del principio dispositivo, daría como resultado un modelo de organización territorial caracterizado por la homogeneidad. En estas páginas se pretende demostrar que, por el contrario, la Constitución y la evolución del Estado autonómico demuestran que la verdadera nota distintiva del mismo es la asimetría. La asimetría entendida como la voluntad de singularización constitucional de algunos territorios y por la respuesta que esa voluntad ha tenido a lo largo del tiempo. Si bien hubo un tiempo en el que la fuerza del principio de emulación dio como resultado un Estado parcialmente simétrico, la posterior evolución demostró las profundas raíces de la asimetría como principio ideológico del modelo. Haber obviado esta dimensión del Estado autonómico se encuentra entre las razones de su fracaso como proyecto de integración.Abstract:The definition of the Spanish State of Autonomies has been changed over the past decades. While the State of Autonomies has been classified in its beginnings as a regional state, in recent years the model developed features similar to a federal country. Notwithstanding, one of the characteristics that has been frequently underlined as a distinguishing feature of the State of Autonomies is the principle of emulation. Following this principle, the trend to equalize the different territories, in addition to the potential of the «principio dispositivo», according to which all powers that have not been reserved to the central government could be assumed by the Autonomous Communities, would lead to a model of territorial organization characterized by homogeneity. In this text we will demonstrate that, on the contrary, the Constitution and the evolution of the State of Autonomies show that the distinctive feature of the State of Autonomies has been asymmetry. In this context, we understand asymmetry as the desire for a constitutionally guaranteed distinction of some territories and the reactions this constitutional asymmetry had over time. Although during a certain period the strength of the emulation principle lead to apartially symmetrical state, the successive evolution of the State of Autonomiesdemonstrated the deep roots of asymmetry as the ideological principle of the model. The fact that this feature has been underestimated can be considered as one of the reasons for the failure of the State of Autonomies as an integration project. Summary1. The debate on symmetry as the defining element of the State of Autonomies. 2. The constitutional basis of the debate. a. Political asymmetries. b. Recognised differences (hechos diferenciales). 3. Frustration, rebellion and emulation. 4. Nationality is everything and the need to go back to the origins. a. The Barcelona Declaration and its reflections on the Statute. b. The statutes of autonomy of the second-generation and the appearance of emulation. 5. A balance of what the future looks like


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchao Tang ◽  
Yi Shang ◽  
Bin Xiao ◽  
Peitong Wen ◽  
Ruoyun Lyu ◽  
...  

Objective. This study summarized asthma literature indexed in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and explored the history and present trends of asthma cell research by stem frequency ranking to forecast the prospect of future work. Methods. Literature was obtained from MEDLINE for the past 30 years and divided into three groups by decade as the retrieval time. The frequency of stemmed words in each group was calculated using Python with Apache Spark and the Natural Language Tool Kit for ranking. The unique stems or shared stems of 3 decades were summarized. Results. A total of 1331, 4393, and 7215 records were retrieved from 3 decades chronologically, and the stem ranking of the top 50 were listed by frequency. The number of stems shared with 3 decades was 26 and with the first and last 2 decades was 5 and 13. Conclusions. The number of cell research studies of asthma has increased rapidly, and scholars have paid more attentions on experimental research, especially on mechanistic research. Eosinophils, mast cells, and T cells are the hot spots of immunocyte research, while epithelia and smooth muscle cells are the hot spots of structural cell research. The research trend is closely linked with the development of experimental technology, including animal models. Early studies featured basic research, but immunity research has dominated in recent decades. The distinct definition of asthma phenotypes associated with genetic characteristics, immunity research, and the introduction of new cells will be the hot spots in future work.


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