Entrepreneurial Typologies in the History of Industrial Italy (1880–1960)

1980 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Amatori
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Poor Condition ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Humanistic Tradition

Those who in the past twenty years have examined the historiography of industrial Italy cannot help but recognize its “backwardness” when compared to similar studies in other countries, particularly those of American entrepreneurial history. Various reasons have been given to justify this “backwardness,” such as the excessive humanistic tradition of Italian historical studies, the relatively scarce statistical data available on Italian industry, and the poor condition of industrial archives. But, above all, it has been observed that “enterprise,” “entrepreneurs,” and “entrepreneurship” are concepts not especially sympathetic to Italian historiographical culture. First, there is an ideological suspicion, which suggests that to investigate these topics implies per se a favorable attitude. Second, there is a diffuse conviction according to which it is necessary to utilize explanations other than free initiative, and, particularly to stress the role of the State, in order to understand Italian economic development.

Ghana, 1982–6: the Politics of the P.N.D.C.

1987 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baffour Agyeman-Duah
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Coups D'etat

The history of the past three decades in Africa would seem to confirm that the rôle of the military in political and economic development may no longer be considered transient. Armed interventions have become institutionalised, if not constitutionalised, in many African states. By December 1985 no less than 60 successful and 71 attempted coups d'état had occurred in 37 states since January 1956.1 Just as most of the first generation of African politicians chose ‘socialism’ to explain and justify their policies, so ‘revolution’ has become the rallying cry for the military leaders, even though they have often quickly been content just to ‘take over’, and not to transform, the previous civilian régime.

When Someday Is Today: Carrying Forward the History of Old Age and Inheritance into the Age of Medicaid

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 499-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Case
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Old Age ◽  
The United States ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Elder Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Old Age

This review essay of Hendrik Hartog's (2012) Someday All This Will Be Yours undertakes a brief overview of some of the massive changes in middle‐class planning for old age and inheritance in the United States over the course of the past century, focusing on the increased role of the state as a source of funding and regulation, the rise of the elder law bar, and the resulting new tools and motives for the transfer of property in exchange for care in the age of Medicaid.

scholarly journals The role of state in the banking industry: Evidence from Russia

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Andrei Vernikov
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Public Banks ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the role of the state in the Russian banking industry. Statistical data illustrates the market share of public banks and its dynamics over the past 25 years. We show the impact of public banks on the lending to non-financial companies, and particularly longer-term lending. Empirical findings suggest that it terms of profitability and technical efficiency the core public banks are not necessarily worse than privately held institutions. Finally, the author compares the macro-level structure and the core institutions of the banking systems in China and Russia and suggests that these are typologically more similar than different.

Shipbuilding and the State in Japan since the 1850s

1977 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 601-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seymour Broadbridge
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Private Enterprise ◽  
Banking System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Government

In the past decade or so there have been several critical revisions of the long-accepted view of the important role of the state in Japan's economic development and programme of modernization generally. Professor Harry Oshima has attempted to demolish the argument that the Meiji governments' policies were at all economically beneficial. On the contrary, he has said, those policies retarded growth, particularly through their neglect of agriculture. Professor Hugh Patrick has cautioned us against giving the Meiji governments too much credit for the development of the banking system. Private enterprise, he has insisted, was also important. Most recently, Professor Kozo Yamamura has delivered yet another broadside against what he considers the myths of Japanese economic history. This time he criticizes the view that the government, by intervening and pioneering model plants, played a significant role in Meiji Japan's industrial dcvelopment.

scholarly journals FROM THE HISTORY OF FORENSIC EXAMINATION IN THE URALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Peter S. KUZNETSOV ◽  
Galina A. PANTYUKHINA
Keyword(s):  
Technical Progress ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
The Urals ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forensic Examination ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Special Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Achievements

Introduction. The purpose of this work is the formation and development of forensic examination in the Ural region, where the crime situation has always been difficult.Methods. The article provides particular examples of the use of special knowledge in the field of criminology in the Urals already at the turn of XVII century. Particular attention is paid to the stages of development of expert business in the Sverdlovsk region in the coming years, shows the role of the state in improving the expert service.Results. Examples of the Ural experts’ activities in the past and present, the significance of their findings in the detection of serious crimes are given as illustrations.Conclusions. Emphasizes the effectiveness of the application of modern scientific achievements in the production of forensic examinations at the present time. The trends of improvement of this service in the future are projected in accordance with the development of scientific and technical progress.

Receptions of the Past: Commemoration, Racism, Desire

Somatechnics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303
Author(s):  
Michael Connors Jackman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This article investigates the ways in which the work of The Body Politic (TBP), the first major lesbian and gay newspaper in Canada, comes to be commemorated in queer publics and how it figures in the memories of those who were involved in producing the paper. In revisiting a critical point in the history of TBP from 1985 when controversy erupted over race and racism within the editorial collective, this discussion considers the role of memory in the reproduction of whiteness and in the rupture of standard narratives about the past. As the controversy continues to haunt contemporary queer activism in Canada, the productive work of memory must be considered an essential aspect of how, when and for what reasons the work of TBP comes to be commemorated. By revisiting the events of 1985 and by sifting through interviews with individuals who contributed to the work of TBP, this article complicates the narrative of TBP as a bluntly racist endeavour whilst questioning the white privilege and racially-charged demands that undergird its commemoration. The work of producing and preserving queer history is a vital means of challenging the intentional and strategic erasure of queer existence, but those who engage in such efforts must remain attentive to the unequal terrain of social relations within which remembering forms its objects.

The Role of Oil and Gas in the Economic Development of the Global Economy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas Producers ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Factor Inputs ◽  
The Impact

This chapter is concerned with the role of oil and gas in the economic development of the global economy. It focuses on the context in which established and newer oil and gas producers in developing countries must frame their policies to optimize the benefits of such resources. It outlines a history of the issue over the last twenty-five years. It considers oil and gas as factor inputs, their role in global trade, the role of oil prices in the macroeconomy and the impact of the geopolitics of oil and gas. It then considers various conventional views of the future of oil and gas in the primary energy mix. Finally, it challenges the drivers behind these conventional views of the future with an emphasis on why they may prove to be different from what is expected and how this may change the context in which producers must frame their policy responses.

scholarly journals Two decades after Korpi and Palme’s “paradox of redistribution”: What have we learned so far and where do we take it from here?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Gugushvili ◽  
Tijs Laenen
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Causal Chain ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
The Poor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Se

Abstract Over two decades ago, Korpi and Palme (1998) published one of the most influential papers in the history of social policy discipline, in which they put forward a “paradox of redistribution”: the more countries target welfare resources exclusively at the poor, the less redistribution is actually achieved and the less income inequality and poverty are reduced. The current paper provides a state-of-the-art review of empirical research into that paradox. More specifically, we break down the paradox into seven core assumptions, which together form a causal chain running from institutional design to redistributive outcomes. For each causal assumption, we offer a comprehensive and critical review of the relevant empirical literature, also including a broader range of studies that do not aim to address Korpi and Palme’s paradox per se, but are nevertheless informative about it.

ON THE WAY TO AN INNOVATIVE ECONOMY: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (65) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Anatoly I. Kotov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Implementation Period ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Innovative Economy

Recognizing the special role of innovations in ensuring the economic development of Russia, the state authorities have been intensively looking for ways and means to strengthen innovation activity in Russia over the past decade. The main document proclaiming the goals and main directions of innovation policy is the Strategy of innovative development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020. Due to the fact that the implementation period has expired, the author analyzes the achievement of the goals and indicators defined in the strategy, and also draws some conclusions about the outcomes obtained by the analysis of the development of innovation activity in Russia.

The Role of the Constitutional Court in the Development of the Rule of Law in Kosovo

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-313
Author(s):  
Enver Hasani
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constitutional History ◽  
Constitutional Courts ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Communist Countries

Kosovo’s Constitutional Court has played a role of paramount importance in the country’s recent history. The author uses a comparative analysis to discuss the role of the Court in light of the work and history of other European constitutional courts. This approach sheds light on the Court’s current role by analyzing Kosovo’s constitutional history, which shows that there has been a radical break with the past. This approach reveals the fact that Kosovo’s current Constitution does not reflect the material culture of the society of Kosovo. This radical break with the past is a result of the country’s tragic history, in which case the fight for constitutionalism means a fight for human dignity. In this battle for constitutionalism, the Court has been given very broad jurisdiction and a role to play in paving the way for Kosovo to move toward Euro-Atlantic integration in all spheres of life. Before reaching this conclusion, the author discusses the specificities of Kosovo’s transition, comparing it with other former communist countries. Among the specific features of constitutionalism in Kosovo are the role and position of the international community in the process of constitution-making and the overall design of constitutional justice in Kosovo. Throughout the article, a conclusion emerges that puts Kosovo’s Constitutional Court at the forefront of the fight for the rule of law and constitutionalism of liberal Western provenance.

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