The Status of a Street Railway in the City Streets

1911 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 656
Keyword(s):  
The Status ◽  
The City

FORMATION OF FORTIFICATION ART IN ANCIENT EAST COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-124
Author(s):  
Е. N. Polyakov ◽  
M. I. Korzh
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Egypt ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Medieval China ◽  
The Status ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
The City ◽  
New Babylon

The article presents a comparative analysis of fortification art monuments in such East countries from Ancient Egypt to medieval China. An attempt is made to identify the main stages of the fortification development from a stand-alone fortress (citadel, fort) to the most complex systems of urban and border fortifications, including moats, walls and gates, battle towers. It is shown that the nature of these architectural structures is determined by the status of the city or settlement, its natural landscape, building structures and materials, the development of military and engineering art. The materials from poliorceticon (Greek: poliorketikon, poliorketika), illustrate the main types of siege machines and mechanisms. The advantages and disadvantages of boundary shafts and long walls (limes). The most striking examples are the defensive systems of Assyria, New Babylon, Judea and Ancient China.

EAST INDIAN AND OTHER DOCKS IN LONDON: IMPERIAL ARCHITECTURE, COLONIAL TRADE AND POSTCOLONIAL MEMORY

2020 ◽  
pp. 190-205
Author(s):  
S. E. Sidorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
East Indian ◽  
Architectural Representation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Postcolonial History ◽  
The City

The article concentrates on the colonial and postcolonial history, architecture and topography of the southeastern areas of London, where on both banks of the River Thames in the 18th–20th centuries there were located the docks, which became an architectural and engineering response to the rapidly developing trade of England with territories in the Western and Eastern hemispheres of the world. Constructions for various purposes — pools for loading, unloading and repairing ships, piers, shipyards, office and warehouse premises, sites equipped with forges, carpenter’s workshops, shops, canteens, hotels — have radically changed the bank line of the Thames and appearance of the British capital, which has acquired the status of the center of a huge empire. Docks, which by the beginning of the 20th century, occupied an area of 21 hectares, were the seamy side of an imperial-colonial enterprise, a space of hard and routine work that had a specific architectural representation. It was a necessary part of the city intended for the exchange of goods, where the usual ideas about the beauty gave way to considerations of safety, functionality and economy. Not distinguished by architectural grace, chaotically built up, dirty, smoky and fetid, the area was one of the most significant symbols of England during the industrial revolution and colonial rule. The visual image of this greatness was strikingly different from the architectural samples of previous eras, forcing contemporaries to get used to the new industrial aesthetics. Having disappeared in the second half of the 20th century from the city map, they continue to retain a special place in the mental landscape of the city and the historical memory of the townspeople, which is reflected in the chain of museums located in this area that tell the history of English navigation, England’s participation in geographical discoveries, the stages of conquering the world, creating an empire and ways to acquire the wealth of the nation.

scholarly journals The Interlocking Processes Constraining the Struggle for Sanctuary in the Trump Era: The Case of La Puente, CA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Gilda L. Ochoa
Keyword(s):  
Status Quo ◽  
City Council ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Transformative Change ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
Community Members ◽  
White Supremacist ◽  
The Status ◽  
The City

By 10 January 2017, activists in the predominately Latina/o working class city of La Puente, California had lobbied the council to declare the city a sanctuary supporting immigrants, people of color, Muslims, LGBTQ people, and people with disabilities. The same community members urged the school district to declare itself a sanctuary. While community members rejoiced in pushing elected officials to pass these inclusive resolutions, there were multiple roadblocks reducing the potential for more substantive change. Drawing on city council and school board meetings, resolutions and my own involvement in this sanctuary struggle, I focus on a continuum of three overlapping and interlocking manifestations of white supremacist heteronormative patriarchy: neoliberal diversity discourses, institutionalized policies, and a re-emergence of high-profiled white supremacist activities. Together, these dynamics minimized, contained and absorbed community activism and possibilities of change. They reinforced the status quo by maintaining limits on who belongs and sustaining intersecting hierarchies of race, immigration status, gender, and sexuality. This extended case adds to the scant scholarship on the current sanctuary struggles, including among immigration scholars. It also illustrates how the state co-opts and marginalizes movement language, ideas, and people, providing a cautionary tale about the forces that restrict more transformative change.

Faith as Taking the Risk

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wyatt T. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Status Quo ◽  
Prisoners Of War ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
The City

“Then Elisha said to those people who were assembled in the main square, in the midst of a terrible famine, with the Syrian army at the gate: ‘In about twenty-four hours you will be able to buy a measure of fine flour for a shekel and two measures of barley for a shekel.’ And the captain upon whose arm the king leaned looked at him and spoke in derision: ‘Ha! What's God going to do? Open up a hole in the sky and pour out food upon all of these hungry people?’ And Elisha turned to him and said: ‘You have a big mouth. You will see it with your own eyes, but you will not eat thereof.’ And there were four lepers sitting at the entering in of the gate of Samaria, and they held a conversation amongst themselves that had to do with what the future might hold for them. And they said one to another: ‘What good is it for us to sit here until we die? If we go into the city, there is a famine there, and we shall die. If we sit here, if we maintain the status quo, if we hold what we've got, we shall die also. Come on, let us go out to meet the Syrian hosts, let's try something that we never tried before, and perhaps we shall be taken prisoners of war, and, if so, at least we'll survive. And if not, what have we got to lose?’” (II Kings 7: 1–20; the “Walker” translation).

The Jewish Community of Late Byzantine Thessalonica: the Problem of Determining Its Status

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7 (105)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Natalia Zhigalova
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
The Status ◽  
Byzantine Period ◽  
Byzantine Era ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

In this article, the author turns to an examination of the status of the Jewish community in Thessalonica in the late Byzantine period. The author concludes that both in the Byzantine era and during the Venetian rule in Thessalonica, the Jewish community of the city was subjected to numerous restrictions and prohibitions on the part of the official authorities. The reason for this was the initial isolation of the community, as well as the fact that the Jews, in contrast to the rest of the townspeople, owned vast financial resources and rented trading floors, ousting local entrepreneurs from there. The Jewish community in Thessalonica, quite numerous by the standards of contemporaries, in the XIV and XV centuries was in a state of permanent conflict with the church authorities of the city and, probably, had some influence on the communities of Judaizing Christians.

A IRMANDADE DO SENHOR DOS PASSOS E A SANTA CASA DE MISERICÓRDIA: HISTÓRIA, CARIDADE E EXPERIÊNCIAS DE URBANIDADE EM PORTO ALEGRE/RS. SÉCULOS XVIII-XIX "The 'Senhor dos Passos' brotherhood and the Holy House of Mercy..."

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Mara Regina do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Regional Aspect ◽  
Religious Associations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The City

Este artigo propõe-se a ser uma colaboração com os estudos dedicados às irmandades religiosas brasileiras, na sua face regional. A linha de pensamento adotada toma a cidade, a experiência urbana e as ditas associações religiosas como instâncias sociais intimamente relacionadas e interdependentes. Durante o século XIX, a irmandade gestora da Santa Casa de Misericórdia em Porto Alegre cumpria um papel fundamental não apenas para a composição material de seu espaço, mas igualmente para conferir-lhe o status de importante cidade dentro do mosaico urbano que compunha o Império brasileiro. Tomando por base o histórico de ações concretas da irmandade, como a construção do Hospital, as iniciativas para a caridade e filantropia e a promoção das festas litúrgicas, este artigo analisa o vínculo indissociável entre o associativismo católico e o estilo de vida urbano dos setecentos e oitocentos. Palavras-chave: Irmandades Religiosas. Santa Casa de Misericórdia. Cultura Urbana.AbstractThis paper intends to collaborate with other works dedicated to the study of brazilian religious brotherhoods, in their regional aspect. The line of thought  adopted takes the city, the urban experience and the religious associations above mentioned as closely related and interdependent social instances. During the XIX century, the brotherhood in charge of the Holy House of Mercy in the city of Porto Alegre played a fundamental role, not just in the material composition of the urban space, but also in giving it the status of an important city within the urban mosaic comprised by the Brazilian Empire. Based on the (historic of) concrete actions of this brotherhood, as were the construction of the Hospital, the creation of a social representation for the notion of charity, and the promotion of liturgic feasts, this article analyses the unbreakable bond between catholic associativism and the urban lifestyle of the XVIII and XIX centuries.Keywords: Religious Brotherhoods. Holy House of Mercy. Urban Culture. 

scholarly journals FORKLÆDTE PENGE: En diskussion af brugerbetaling i en gratis nicaraguansk folkeskole

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Rübner Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Social Consequences ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
School Expenditures ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way ◽  
Marginalized Families

On the basis of data collected during fieldwork in the city of León, Nicaragua, this article discusses the paradox of many Nicaraguan parents describing their children’s school as being free of charge despite the fact that they are frequently asked to pay for it. The article shows that, in spite of the constitutional definition of education as free and equal for all Nicaraguans, parents are often asked for economic contributions. By analysing the values surrounding the school I suggest that values of responsibility and solidarity influence the way that parents conceptualize their school expenditures and, in relation to this, confirm the status of the school as free. Furthermore, the article describes how Nicaraguan parents often compare the school to their home and describe the relation between teacher and students by using family terms. Inspired by the theory of the American sociologist James Carrier, I argue that this comparison, in addition to the values of responsibility and solidarity, further influences the way Nicaraguan parents and children experience their economic contributions. Finally, I argue that even though the users of the school describe it as free of charge, it remains necessary to recognize its economic aspects, since a lack of recognition can turn out to have important individual and social consequences for the people involved, especially, for the most economically marginalized families.  

scholarly journals MODERN ARCHITECTURE AND VISUAL IMAGE OF THE CITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 102-104
Author(s):  
A. M. Tormakhova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Modern City ◽  
Asymmetric Structures ◽  
The Status ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
The City

The aim of the article is to highlight the actual trends associated with architectural construction and identify ways of forming a visual image of a modern city. The solution to this goal involves not only the analysis of certain unique architectural structures, but also the outline of the existing visual practices in the city which correlate with the urban landscape. The research methodology is connected with the use of the method of synthe- sis, the use of tools of cultural analysis. The most extraordinary buildings are rarely residential buildings, much more often they are intended for public use. Their very essence is con- nected with publicity and attraction of a considerable quantity of visitors, tourists. These can be museums, libraries, concert halls, stadiums, shop- ping malls. In addition to these structures, extremely impressive structures are created in the field of transport – bridges, railway stations. The re- equipment of old objects and the creation of new ones becomes such that necessarily creates an occasion for communication, becoming a part of the media. In architecture there is a desire to circumvent the principle of statics that was inherent to it. Manifestations of this tendency in architecture were attempts to "revitalize" the building, giving them mobility through structures that visually convey the idea of fluidity (asymmetric structures, often deprived of straight angles with the prevalence of rounded parts). Creating the effect of architectural variability arises not only at the expense of innovative constructions, but also due to the equipment of the buildings by media facades, which perform as a purely aesthetic and advertising function, providing the opportunity to represent buildings in fundamentally different visual images. Scientific novelty consists in highlighting the specifics of architectural constructions claiming the status of "art" and visual practices that in- teract with them directly. The conclusion is made about the transformation of a modern city. The practical significance of the study is that features of the development of modern architectural constructions are presented and the factors influencing the formation of the visual image of the city are highlighted.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE KYZYLORDA PERIOD IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Jalmagambetov ◽  
◽  
E.Zh. Aziretbergenova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Education System ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
The Status ◽  
The City

The Kyzylorda period in the development of the education system of Kazakhstan occupies a special place. The center's move to the city of Kyzylorda gave a new impetus to the political and public life of the region. Young people seeking education started coming to the city of Kyzylorda from other regions. After assigning the status of the capital in the city of Kyzylorda began to open up new educational institutions. The Kazakh Institute of education and medical schools moved from Orenburg. The city has opened educational schools of the first and second categories. Special boarding schools were opened for people living in remote areas. The work of boarding schools was constantly monitored by special commissions. In 1925, the famous writer Gabiden Mustafin worked and studied in the city of Kyzylorda. Also, S. Mukanov, A. Kenzhin and other representatives of the Kazakh intelligentsia worked in the education system.

scholarly journals La noción de cultura popular: Interés de los debates entre los 80 y 90 del siglo XX para reflexionar sobre la contemporaneidad

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Manuel Kingman
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultura Popular ◽  
The Status ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City ◽  
Arte Contemporáneo

ResumenEl presente artículo referencia teorías sobre la cultura popular ubicadas en las décadas del 80 y el 90 del siglo pasado, un período de reflexión pertinente y profunda en torno al término. Se visibiliza la complejidad de la noción de cultura popular, así como las distintas significaciones y sentidos que ha tenido el concepto. También se estudian ciertas entradas teóricas que son útiles para analizar la cultura popular. Se piensa en estos insumos teóricos como herramientas para reflexionar sobre las representaciones, diálogos y tensiones entre el arte contemporáneo y las manifestaciones estéticas populares.Palabras clavesCultura popular; arte contemporáneo; teoría cultural; antropologíaWork, Dialogue, Occupation and Cooperativism at Casa TomadaVictoria Rodríguez do CampoAbstractThe interdisciplinary art project Casa Tomada operates as a trigger for addressing issues of the social and artistic contemporary juncture. The fiction created by the National House of the Bicentennial, cultural space of the City of Buenos Aires, opens the way to consider alternative forms of creation in which the status of the artist's work is put in check and renewed interstices are glimpsed through the action of the multiple actors that surround the project. With illegal political action as a starting point – the forced occupation of a public space, Casa Tomada is committed to showing a multiplicity of conflicts, tensions, questions as well as possible answers, which are always contingent and applicable both to the social and the artistic spheres.KeywordsContemporary art; occupation, politics; collective work; interdisciplinarity La noción de lectura popular  interés debatekunape entre 80 y 90 siglo XX iuiarengapa contemporaniedadmandaManuel kiingman Maillallachiska:Kai articulok referenciame teoriakuna cultura kaska decadape posagchunga y  iskun chunga ialiska siglomanda, sug suma iuiarei entorno  terminomanda. Kauarenme complejidad nocionpe cultura popularpe chasallata sug rigcha significación y sentido iukarka chi concepto. Chasallata analizare sug entradakuna  teóricas valenkuna analizangapa cultura popular. Iuairenme  kai insumo teóricos herramientasina iuiarengapa representacionkunamanda, rimai tensiones arte contemporaneanope y manifestación estéticas populares. Rimangapa Ministidukuna:Cultura popular; arte contemporáneo; teoría cultural; antropologíaLa notion de culture populaire : intérêts des débats entre les années 80 et 90 du XXe siècle pour réfléchir sur la contemporanéitéManuel KingmanRésuméCet article se réfère à des théories sur la culture populaire dans les années 80 et 90 du siècle dernier, une période de réflexion pertinente et profonde sur le terme. Il présente la complexité de la notion de culture populaire, ainsi que les différentes significations et usage du concept. Il étudie également certains éléments théoriques utiles à l'analyse de la culture populaire. Nous pensons à ces apports théoriques comme outils pour réfléchir sur les représentations, les dialogues et les tensions entre l'art contemporain et les manifestations esthétiques populaires.Mots clésCulture populaire; art contemporain; théorie culturelle; anthropologie

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