The Not So Pokey Hokies

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mollie T. Adams ◽  
Kerry K. Inger ◽  
Michele D. Meckfessel
Keyword(s):  
Independent Contractor ◽  
Research Skills ◽  
Collegiate Sports ◽  
Organization Management ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Real People ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tax Research ◽  
Real Person ◽  
Athletic Scholarship

ABSTRACT “The Not So Pokey Hokies” is a running club comprised of runners based on real people who participate in a wide range of running activities including charitable race participation, not-for-profit running organization management, nationally competitive racing, pacing, competitive team membership, coaching, and collegiate sports. This case requires students to identify tax issues related to the running club members' running activities and address the issues using tax research skills. Each runner in the case is based on a real person and is presented as a separate scenario with some common concepts across the scenarios. Specific concepts included are hobby versus for-profit activity classification, independent contractor versus employee role classification, income recognition, expense deductibility, charitable contribution deductions, and athletic scholarship taxation. The modular nature of the case allows the instructor to assign specific tax issues or entire scenarios, depending on the nature of the class. As the students complete the case, they are required to use critical thinking to identify and build tax research skills to address the issues. In addition, students gain technical knowledge through exposure to a variety of tax concepts and written communication skills through completion of a written analysis of the case.

Experiences of job demand and control: A study of first line managers in for-profit psychiatric and addiction care

Work ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Linda Widar ◽  
Erika Wall ◽  
Sven Svensson
Keyword(s):  
First Line ◽  
Line Managers ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Job Demand ◽  
Organizational Position ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Line Manager ◽  
Addiction Care ◽  
And Control ◽  
Demand Control

BACKGROUND: The complex position of a first line manager is characterized by heavy workload and contradictory demands. Little is known about how first line managers experience demand and control in their work. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore experiences of demand and control among first line managers within psychiatric and addiction care. METHOD: In the present study, interviews with ten managers in for-profit psychiatric and addiction care in Sweden were analyzed with a phenomenographic approach. RESULTS: The managers experiences of demand and control implied varied and extensive responsibilities for a wide range of professions; regulation by organizational, economic, and political frameworks; creating balance in their work; and handling the emergence and consequences of acute crisis. These experiences of demand and control involved high and contradictory demands together with coexisting high and low levels of control. Many of their work characteristics could be described in terms of both demand and control. CONSLUSION: The first line managers experiences of demand and control are more complex than implied by the job demand control theory. Our results suggest that the organizational position and branch should be considered when identifying health hazards in the work environment of first line managers.

Space Modeling of Problem Solving Strategies of “Prisoner's Dilemma”

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
D.J. Balanev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Real People ◽  
Space Modeling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After

An iterated version of the game "Prisoner's Dilemma" is used as a model of cooperation largely due to the wide range of strategies that the subjects can use. The problem of the effec-tiveness of strategies for solving the Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD) is most often considered from the point of view of information models, where strategies do not take into account the relationship that arise when real people play. Some of these strategies are obvious, others depend upon social context. In our paper, we use one of the promising directions in the development of studying IPD strategies – the use of artificial neural networks. We use neural networks as a modeling tool and as a part of game environment. The main goal of our work is to build an information model that predicts the behavior of an individual person as well as group of people in the situation of solving of social dilemma. It takes into account social relationship, including those caused by experimental influence, gender differences, and individual differences in the strategy for solving cognitive tasks. The model demonstrates the transition of individual actions into socially determined behavior. Evaluation of the effect of socialization associated with the procedure of the game provides additional information about the effectiveness and characteristics of the experimental impact.The paper defines the minimum unit of analysis of the IPD player's strategy in a group, the identity with which can be considered as a variable. It discusses the influence of the experi-mentally formed group identity on the change of preferred strategies in social dilemmas. We use the possibilities of neural networks as means of categorizing the results of the prisoner's iterative dilemma in terms of the strategy applied by the player, as well as social factors. We define the patterns of changes in the IPD player's strategy before and after socialization are determined. The paper discusses the questions of real player's inclination to use IPD solution strategies in their pure form or to use the same strategy before and after experimental inter-ventions related to social identity formation. It is shown that experimentally induced socialization can be considered as a mechanism for increasing the degree of certainty in the choice of strategies when solving IPD task. It is found out that the models based on neural networks turn out to be more efficient after experi-mentally evoked social identity in a group of 6 people; and the models based on neural net-works are least effective in the case of predicting a subject's belonging to a gender group. When solving IPD problems by real people, it turns out to be possible to talk about generalized strategies that take into account not only the evolutionary properties of «pure» strategies, but also reflect various social factors.

scholarly journals Guidelines for the public on how to provide mental health first aid: narrative review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Jorm ◽  
Anna M. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Mental Health First Aid ◽  
Mental Health Crisis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Wide Range

BackgroundExpert-consensus guidelines have been developed for how members of the public should assist a person with a mental health problem or in a mental health crisis.AimsThis review aimed to examine the range of guidelines that have been developed and how these have been implemented in practice.MethodA narrative review was carried out based on a systematic search for literature on the development or implementation of the guidelines.ResultsThe Delphi method has been used to develop a wide range of guidelines for English-speaking countries, Asian countries and a number of other cultural groups. The primary implementation has been through informing the content of training courses.ConclusionFurther work is needed on guidelines for low- and middle-income countries.Declaration of interestA.F.J. is an unpaid member of the Board of Mental Health First Aid International (trading as Mental Health First Aid Australia), which is a not-for-profit organisation.

Presentation and implementation of the results of the own scientific research — a practical approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
L.D. Todoriko ◽  
O.V. Pidverbetska ◽  
O.Ya. Pidverbetskyi ◽  
N.I. Zorii ◽  
Ya.I. Toderika
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Research Skills ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Doctor Of Philosophy

During postgraduate studies, future PhDs must master a wide range of teaching and research skills that meet global and European academic standards. In particular, candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy must acquire theoretical knowledge that is sufficient to produce new ideas, solve complex problems in the field of professional and/or research and innovation, acquire universal research skills, including oral and written presentation of their own scientific results, application of modern information technologies in scientific activity, organization and carrying out of educational employments, management of scientific projects and/or introduction of offers concerning financing of scientific researches, registration of the intellectual property rights. Objective — to summarize information about the relevance of the discipline «Presentation and imple­mentation of the results of the own scientific research» and highlight practical approaches to its teaching. Materials and methods. Analysis and generalization of information on current documents governing the educational process for applicants for the degree of «Doctor of Philosophy» in medical specialties, and literature sources on the presentation and implementation of dissertation research. Results and discussion. The discipline «Presentation and implementation of the results of the own scientific research» is an important component of the preparation of graduates of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of knowledge 22 «Health». As part of the study of this discipline, students learn the concept of innovation process and innovation of the scientist, get acquainted with the basics of protection of the results of their own research and modern aspects of patent information search technologies, gain skills in presenting the results of the own research using various forms of new information technologies and implementation in the practice of health care and educational process of the results of the own research. Conclusions. Assimilation of theoretical material and practice of the practical part of the program of the discipline «Presentation and implementation of results of the own scientific research» provides acquisition by postgraduate students of corresponding integral, general and special competences and formation of integrative final program results of training necessary for further professional activity of the future doctor of philosophy.

1. The nature of marketing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Kenneth Le Meunier-FitzHugh
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Service Marketing ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Physical Evidence ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Marketing Service ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Consumer Marketing ◽  
Business To Business

This chapter discusses the nature and origins of marketing. Marketing covers a wide range of essential business activities which ensure that customers can obtain the products and services that they want and need, when and how they want them. The most common applications of marketing are consumer marketing, business-to-business marketing, service marketing, not-for-profit marketing, and international marketing. Since the 1960s, marketing has used the four Ps of Price, Place, Product, and Promotion to deliver its marketing objectives and this has now been expanded to include another three Ps of People, Physical Evidence, and Process. The chapter also includes an assessment of what is customer value.

scholarly journals Strategizing the for-profit city: The state, developers, and urban production in Mega Manila

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan Mouton ◽  
Gavin Shatkin
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The State ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Wide Range

This article explores the evolving role of real estate developers in the wider metropolitan region of Manila, the Philippines. We argue that, given the relational nature of these actors, they are a relevant object of analysis for the formulation of “mid-level” theories that take into account both global, macroeconomic trends and local, history-dependent contingencies.  As we consider developers’ activities and interactions with a wide range of public and private actors, we retrace their gradual empowerment since the beginning of the postcolonial period. As a handful of powerful land-owning families created real estate development companies, urban production quickly became dominated by a strong oligarchy capable of steering urban development outside the realm of public decision-making. Philippine developers subsequently strengthened their capacity by stepping into infrastructure provision, seemingly expanding their autonomy further.  More recently, however, we argue that while the role of private sector actors in shaping urban and regional trajectories has scaled up, their activities have been tethered more strongly to a state-sponsored vision of change. Both by reorienting public–private partnerships (PPP) toward its regional plans, and by initiating new forms of public–private partnerships that give it more control, the state is attempting to harness the activity of developers. We characterize this shift as a move from the “privatization of planning” to the “planning of privatization” of urban space.

scholarly journals Plant Breeders' Rights Licensing in Smallholder Farming: Observations From Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Peter Munyi ◽  
Bram De Jonge ◽  
Neils Louwaars
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Breeders Rights

Focusing on Kenya as an example of a market where food production is mostly for subsistence purposes, this article seeks to establish whether licensing of plant breeders’ rights is a mechanism that can facilitate access to seeds and planting material to smallholder farmers. Through a case study method and qualitative interviews of a wide range of stakeholders, it was found that licensing strategies that are employed in market conditions such as those prevailing in Kenya usually involve some form of market differentiation. This is in order to ensure that the targeted beneficiary is reached. It was also found that whatever licensing strategy is employed, each has some advantages and disadvantages. Further, not-for-profit technology brokers have emerged with a view to absorb some costs in the licensing process which are otherwise out of reach for smallholder farmers. Breeders also waive some of their rights with respect to protected varieties. The article concludes that the use of licensing as a tool to facilitate access to seeds and planting material for smallholder farmers in market conditions such as those prevailing in Kenya has received little attention and only involves very few commercial crops.  Where breeders choose to waive some of their rights, they should let farmers know so as to create legal certainty on utilization of accessed varieties. 

The Oxford Handbook of Managerial Economics

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Organizational Design ◽  
Performance Pay ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Modern World ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Governance Strategies ◽  
Managerial Economics

This Handbook provides students, researchers, practitioners and policymakers with summaries of the cutting-edge approaches to the analysis of the decision-making challenges faced by the managers of for-profit and nonprofit enterprises.The problems addressed run the gamut from cost estimation, product development and promotion, optimal pricing strategies for so-called network industries and make-or-buy decisions, to organizational design, performance pay, corporate governance, strategies for multinational corporations and the social responsibilities of business.By illustrating how a wide range of disciplines can fruitfully be brought to bear in helping to analyze and to understand the incentives and constraints under which business managers operate, the Handbook fills in the gaps between theory and practice. Sometimes technical, but always reader-friendly, no one with an interest in the modern world of business orpublic policies toward it can afford to ignore the analyses and important lessons presented by the contributors to this first handbook on topics in managerial economics.

Nonprofit and for-Profit Partnerships: Rationale and Challenges of Cross-Sector Contracting

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 120-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine M. O’Regan ◽  
Sharon M. Oster
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
Transactions Costs ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Wide Range

Increasingly, nonprofit, for-profit, and public organizations have been cooperating in producing and distributing a wide range of goods and services. In many cases, the partnerships have arisen from the recognition that different activities are best suited to different governance structures. Yet, working through a cross-sectoral partnership can bring with it complicated managerial issues. This article explores partnering in two important sectors: higher education and welfare reform. In both areas, cooperation across the sectors is widespread and follows lines of comparative advantage. At the same time, there is ample evidence in our cases of classic transactions costs in implementing cross-sectoral partnerships. The article explores ways in which organizations deal with problems of opportunism and imperfect information in contracting across the sectors.

scholarly journals Exploring Social Business Pathways: Green Map System as a Case in Point

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Balashankar Mulloth
Keyword(s):  
Social Innovation ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Digital Networks ◽  
Social Business ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Sustainable Community Development ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Social Venture ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Objective: social entrepreneurship holds promise as a way for organizations to create value for both individuals and communities. The objective of this paper is to observe and analyze the ways Green Map System, a not-for-profit social venture, supports sustainable community development and local leadership by sharing tools, icons, and technology for mapping eco-sites around the world. The role of technology and digital networks, as well as the impact of global linkages, is also observed and emphasized. Methods: the research approach used for this paper is qualitative in nature and uses the case study methodology. Evidence was based on data collection methods, such as archived documents, interviews, questionnaires, and direct observations at formal and informal settings. Results: using the example of Green Map System, I demonstrate that creating local partnerships, as well as including and collaborating with a wide range of stakeholders, is key to fulfilling the organization’s mission-driven vision. Conclusions: I use the example of Green Map System and describe how the organization went about creating social and business pathways by outlining the growth, evolution, and social innovation of the organization. I also layout the challenges and decision dilemmas the organization faces as it continues to grow as a social business.

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